Development of a Practical Evaluation Method for Tsunami Debris and Its Accumulation

Tsunami-related fires may occur in the inundation area during a huge tsunami disaster, and woody debris produced by the tsunami can cause the fires to spread. To establish a practical method for evaluating tsunami-related fire predictions, we previously developed a method for evaluating the tsunami debris thickness distribution that uses tsunami computation results and static parameters for tsunami numerical analysis. We then used this evaluation method to successfully reproduce the tsunami debris accumulation trend. We then developed an empirical building fragility function that relates the production of debris not only to inundation depth but also to the topographic gradient and the proportion of robust buildings. Using these empirical evaluation models, along with conventional tsunami numerical analysis data, we carried out a practical tsunami debris prediction for Owase City, Mie Prefecture, a potential disaster area for a Nankai Trough mega-earthquake. This prediction analysis method can reveal hazards which go undetected by a conventional tsunami inundation analysis. These results indicate that it is insufficient to characterize the tsunami hazard by inundation area and inundation depth alone when predicting the hazard of a huge tsunami; moreover, more practically, it is necessary to predict the hazard based on the effect of tsunami debris.

The evaluation of Disaster Resilient Village Program to support National Security matters

Disaster Resilient Village is a village with capability to independently adapt and deal with disaster threat, and quickly recover from the adverse effect of disaster. This research employed Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model to evaluate the Disaster Resilient Village program in Tanjung Benoa Village. As the result, the Context aspect of the Disaster Resilient Village program in Tanjung Benoa Village is appropriate in accordance with the Regulation of the Head of the National Disaster Management Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2012. On the Input aspect, Tanjung Benoa village has established a Disaster Risk Reduction Forum that consists of the local community representatives. On the Process aspect, the village has developed Disaster-Safe School and Communities that routinely conduct simulations on monthly basis and collaborate with the hospitality sector to develop evacuation sites in the event of a tsunami disaster. On Product aspect, namely community capacity building and community participation, the program resulted in the increasing trust among domestic and foreign tourists and the improvement of Tanjung Benoa people’s welfare. In conclusion, Disaster Resilient Village program in Tanjung Benoa Village has been going well.

Extended Preface

The 11th Annual International Conference 2021 on Environmental and Life Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala “Connecting the World through Innovation and Sustainable Development” Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia September 29-30, 2021 The AIC 2021 is organized by the Institute of Research and Community Services (LPPM), Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Banda Aceh, Indonesia, located in Banda Aceh. This city had amazingly recovered post Tsunami disaster in 2004. Banda Aceh is widely known as one of the most cultural and historically rich cities in Indonesia. It offers you an enjoyable stay with its interesting culture, tourism places, and unforgettable culinary options. This year, just like the previous year, the conference was held virtually through zoom meeting. Despite the online mode, the conference allowed all presenters to promote their current research and innovations through discussion, sharing ideas and best practices among researchers and academics under the theme of “strengthening the dissemination of research and innovation to enhance the transfer of knowledge in the fourth industrial revolution.” The keynote speakers presented at this year conference were Prof. A. Min Tjoa, the Vienna University of Technology (Austria), Prof. Dr. Michele Notari; University of Teacher Education (Switzerland); Prof. Siti Azizah Mohd Nor., University Terengganu (Malaysia), and the invited speakers were Dr. Hawis Maduppa, B.Sc., M.Sc., Institut Pertanian Bogor (Indonesia); Prof. Amirul Mukminin, S.Pd., M.Sc.Ed., Ph.D., Universitas Jambi (Indonesia) and Associate Prof. Dr. Muhammad Roil Bilad, Faculty of Integrated Technologies, University of Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam). Two keynote speakers and three invited speakers were presented on the first day, and one keynote speaker was presented on the second day. All keynote and invited presentations were run smoothly despite the time difference between Aceh, Indonesia, and the keynote and invited speakers’ time zone. The online oral presentation sessions also run well with the excellent teamwork between the host, moderators, and operators. I would like to express our thanks to Prof. Dr. Taufik Fuadi Abidin, S.Si., M.Tech., the Head of Institute for Research and Public Services of Universitas Syiah Kuala; Dr. Dra. Sulastri, M.Si., the Secretary of Institute for Research and Public Services of Universitas Syiah Kuala; Prof. Dr. Nasrul, S.T., M.T., the Head of Scientific Journals Center of Universitas Syiah Kuala; and Dr. Syamsulrizal, M.Kes, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Syiah Kuala, for their wise advice and suggestions. We also would like to acknowledge the conference secretary, treasurer, chief editors, and track editors for managing the paper review and organizing the technical program. Of course, we also would like to thank the rest of the committee members of AIC 2021 who have the spirit of volunteerism to succeed this conference. Sincerely, Dr. Iskandar Abdul Samad, S.Pd., MA Chairperson List of Advisory Board, Organizing Committee, Editorial Boards Documentation are available in this pdf.

Tsunami evacution building model (TEBM) in Teluk Palu (Palu Bay) area

The research was conducted in the coastal area of Palu Bay, Lere Village. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and literature study techniques. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods and focused on the concept of the design of the tsunami evacuation building on the coast of Palu Bay. Data analysis was carried out to obtain an overview of the problems that occurred at the planning location which was analyzed with the concept of architectural design by considering the existing conditions of the site and the surrounding environment, as well as utilizing the potential of the site so that it has the potential for building functions. The conclusion obtained is based on the results of data analysis, it is necessary to have a building that can function as an evacuation container for the community when a disaster occurs in the coastal area of Palu Bay, thereby reducing the number of casualties. The benefit of this research is that it is a solution for local people to save themselves when the tsunami disaster.

Vegetation density analysis in Banda Aceh city before and after the tsunami using satellite imagery data

Vegetation density in Banda Aceh is an important aspect of monitoring the recovery process after being hit by a tsunami on December 26, 2004. The tsunami disaster had a tremendous impact on Banda Aceh city, both physical and non-physical damage. As a result, a lot of vegetation was swept away by the tsunami waves. After the tsunami disaster, Banda Aceh City carried out rehabilitation and reconstruction to change the land cover. The increasing population growth in the city also has affected land cover. Changes in land use not following the spatial plan of the Banda Aceh can reduce the quality of the environment, e.g., reducing the vegetation density in some areas. This paper presents the utilization of Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images to analyze the vegetation density in Banda Aceh city before dan after the tsunami in the last 15 years. This study aims to determine the ability of satellite imagery to detect vegetation density in Banda Aceh in designated years before and after the tsunami. This study uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis to observe the trend of vegetation density in the Banda Aceh. Results show that the vegetation density in Banda Aceh City in 2004, 2005, 2009, 2015, and 2020 was dominated by low-density classes. Still, in 2015 and 2020, there was an increase in medium and high vegetation density classes. This finding shows the pattern of the vegetation density follows the progress of the recovery after 15 years hit by a tsunami.

Evaluation of the Dimensions of the Tsunami Evacuation Path for the Community of Air Tawar Barat Village, North Padang District, Padang City, Based on Geographic Information System (GIS)

Air Tawar Barat Village is located in North Padang District, Padang City which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean in the west, so there is a risk of a tsunami disaster. The current evacuation route, which is one of the efforts to overcome the tsunami disaster, seems to be still ineffective to use because the distance that must be covered is 3-5 km in less than 30 minutes. This study aims to determine the direction of an effective evacuation route and then make a comparison with the evacuation route that has been determined by the Government. The method used is Network Analyst. The results of this study obtained 3 alternatives to make evacuation more effective. The alternative is to make access roads around Jalan Gajah to go to P-TES in the UNP area. Alternative 2 is to make P-TES in the parking lot of the Air Tawar Health Center so that people around the river mouth can evacuate faster because they are closer. Alternative 3, the community around the North Padang Police Sector can evacuate by heading to P-TES on Jalan Polonia, Air Tawar Timur Village to stay away from the beach. The three alternatives make the evacuation time to 10 minutes by heading to 26 P-TES. In addition, the evacuation map as a result of the analysis is more effective because the route has a route that is more likely to be taken by the community compared to the government evacuation map.

TRADITIONAL MUSIC RAPA'I GEURIMPHENG AS A FORM OF SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION IN THE PIDIE COMMUNITY

Rapa'i is traditional music perform in Aceh, especially in Pidie Regency. Rapa'i geurimpheng way of playing musical instruments like round like tambourine. Geurimpheng in Acehnese means rapa'i, "grik and pheng". There is no literature yet on when rapa'i geurimpheng appears, but rapa'i geurimpheng music is behind several phases, ranging from a period of very long conflict to the peak of the tsunami disaster. Today rapa'i geurimpheng began to exist again and continued father. The purpose of this study (1) is to study traditional music rapa'i geurimpheng as a form of symbolic communication in pidie society. (2) Reviewing traditional rapa'i geurimpheng music as a form of symbolic communication for educational media for pidie people. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative which is interpretive with a cultural approach. The results showed that communication took place between rapa'i players and the audience, communication settings occurred during the performance, as well as better audience understanding during the performance, stimulus from the performer, and response from the audience.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Suicide Rate Trends in the Tsunami-Disaster-Affected Area Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

Background: People who experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) were expected to have additional levels of psychological burden resulting from the stressful conditions imposed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; consequently, suicide rates may increase. Aim: We aimed to carry out continuous monitoring of suicide rates in the affected area following the GEJE under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Method: This descriptive study monitored the suicide rates of the coastal area of Miyagi Prefecture, where disaster-related mental health activities have been continuing following severe damage caused by the tsunami disaster. An exponential smoothing time-series analysis that converted suicide rates into a smooth trend was conducted. Results: Although the suicide rate in the affected area was higher than the national average in February 2020, it showed a declining trend during the COVID-19 pandemic, while showing an increase trend in the national and non-affected areas. Limitations: Uncertainty about the direct reasons for suicide and the short time-scale observation are the limitations of this study. Conclusion: Although the national suicide rate increased, this was not the case for the affected area. Our findings may provide important lessons for suicide prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic, which needs careful regional monitoring of the state of suicide and of high-risk approaches such as disaster-related mental health activities.

Analysis of Disaster Mitigation in Carita with Environmental Learning in Elementary School

This study analyzes the profile of Carita people in the efforts of tsunami disaster mitigation and the role of environmental learning in coping with the disaster, then analyzes the use of environmental learning. The method used is a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative method measures various community readiness levels in performing disaster mitigation, whereas the qualitative method is utilized to obtain various further information from the communities using interview technique. There were 88 randomly selected respondents participating in this research. The study results indicate a low land utilization density (below 33%). Indicators suggest a good category, namely: people evacuate when a disaster occurs (86%), rescue during a disaster (96.59%), and try to find new livelihoods (82.95%). In addition, public knowledge of disaster evacuation route is at a good level (87.50%) and there is an increase of 39.77% respondents with improved knowledge after the tsunami disaster occurred. Environmental learning, in this case, plays an important role to provide information to the public relating the efforts in disaster mitigation. The conclusion is that community’s disaster mitigation readiness still requires some improvement through various efforts, one of them is environmental learning with learning media in elementary school.

Local Communities Participation in Mangrove Management for Tsunami Disaster Mitigation at Palu City Coastal

In September 2018 there was an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 Mw in Palu Bay, which was followed by a tsunami. The impact of this disaster is the destruction of building infrastructure, the environment, and loss of life. 4,194 people died and damaged 8,107 buildings, 43 health facilities and 386 educational facilities. Mangroves as one of the ecosystems located on the coast can reduce the impact of the tsunami. This research aims to analyze the participation of local communities in mangrove management. The method used in this research is qualitative, and the analysis used in this research is descriptive and comparative method, and the data used in this research is the results of interviews obtained from several communities who live around the coast of Palu city. The importance of this research is to compare the participation of the community in three research locations. The results of the research show that communities at the research locations are starting to realize the importance of mangroves for reducing the impact of the tsunami, so that after 2018 many communities have started planting and managing mangroves.