Prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery in urban and rural Chinese populations over 50 years old: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM: To summarize the data of epidemiological studies on cataract prevalence over 50 years old in urban and rural areas of China from 2000 to 2020, and to analyze the prevalence of cataract and operation rate in China. METHODS: By searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and CNKI, Chinese and English literatures on the prevalence of cataract in China were retrieved, and the relevant characteristic data were extracted. Then, Stata v15SE software was used for Meta-analysis and heterogeneity test. According to the results of heterogeneity, the corresponding effect models were selected to combine the extracted data. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included in this study, with a total of 111 434 cases. Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity. According to the random effect model, the overall prevalence of cataract in Chinese people over 50 years old was 27.45%, that in rural was 28.79%, and that in urban was 26.66%. The overall coverage rate of cataract surgery was 9.19%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cataract is high in China, and there is still room for improvement in surgical coverage, so it is very important to promote cataract screening and prevention.

Should Preoperative Computed Tomography Be Routine Examination For Cervicofacial Space Infections?

Background: Cervicofacial space infections are potentially life-threatening, which require accurate diagnosis, early incision, and adequate drainage. The utilization of computed tomography (CT) in cervicofacial space infections has significantly increased. However, the clinical value of preoperative CT imaging in cervicofacial space infections remains controversial. We, therefore, investigated whether CT examination should be used as a routine examination in the treatment of patients with cervicofacial space infections.Methods: A retrospective study of all patients affected by cervicofacial space infections that received incision and drainage surgery from Jan 2016 to Dec 2020 was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the group with preoperative CT and the group without preoperative CT. Outcomes, including re-operation rate, missed diagnosis rate, days of symptom relief, length of stay, duration of surgery, and total cost of hospitalization, were analyzed.Results: Of 153 patients, 108 patients underwent surgery with preoperative CT and 45 patients without preoperative CT. The re-operation rate in the preoperative CT group (6/108, 5.6%) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that in the group without preoperative CT (10/45, 22.2%). Significant reduction of missed diagnosis rate, days of symptom relief, length of stay, and duration of surgery (P<0.05) were detected in the preoperative CT group. Conclusions: Preoperative CT examination should be recommended as a routine examination in the treatment of cervicofacial space infections for its usefulness in reducing the missed diagnosis rate and repeated surgery complication.

A Reserve Planning Method of Transformer Group based on Markov Reliability Model

In view of the current situation that the load difference is not considered in the existing research on public standby transformer, the reliability Markov model and public standby planning model of distribution transformer unit based on public standby mode are proposed. When the transformer fails, the standby transformer is preferred to replace the faulty transformer. The power failure time of the user is shortened from the transformer maintenance time to the standby installation and operation time. The state transition rate is the installation and operation rate of the standby transformer, and the replaced faulty transformer is converted to the standby transformer in the unavailable state. This paper applies the scheme decision analysis method to the field of engineering control, and applies the combination of the compound matter element analysis and the subjective and objective weight to the quantitative calculation of correlation entropy. This method solves the current situation that transformer faults are difficult to measure and calculate quantitatively, and it can accurately predict the healthy development trend of transformers, which has a good guiding value for the use and maintenance of transformers. At the same time, the public standby measures of distribution transformer can better solve the problem of long transformer fault repair time with a small amount of capital investment, effectively shorten the recovery time of fault outage and reduce the impact of transformer fault. The standby measures of distribution transformer have an obvious impact on the reliability of distribution system.

Computer Mathematical Modeling Based on the Improved Genetic Algorithm and Mobile Computing

In order to change the problem of data redundancy in a genetic algorithm, this paper proposes a computer mathematical model based on the combination of an improved genetic algorithm and mobile computing. Combined with the least square method, MATLAB software is used to solve the equations, determine the range of parameters, and solve the estimation parameter range and identification problems. The improved genetic algorithm combined with mobile computing and least square method to establish a mathematical model greatly increased the individual search space and increased the operation rate of 90% compared to the basic genetic algorithm or mobile computing. The results show that the improved genetic algorithm and mobile computing have a certain ability to identify the optimal solution and greatly improve the work efficiency.

Challenges of single-stage pancreatoduodenectomy: how to address pancreatogastrostomies with robotic-assisted surgery

Introduction Establishing a sufficient pancreatico-enteric anastomosis remains one of the most important challenges in open single stage pancreatoduodenectomy as they are associated with persisting morbidity and mortality. Applicability on a robotic-assisted approach, however, even increases the requirements. With this analysis we introduce a dorsal-incision-only invagination type pancreatogastrostomy (dioPG) to the field of robotic assistance having been previously proven feasible in the field of open pancreatoduodenectomy and compare initial results to the open approach by means of morbidity and mortality. Methods An overall of 142 consecutive patients undergoing reconstruction via the novel dioPG, 38 of them in a robotic-assisted and 104 in an open approach, was identified and further reviewed for perioperative parameters, complications and mortality. Results We observed a comparable R0-resection rate (p = 0.448), overall complication rate (p = 0.52) and 30-day mortality (p = 0.71) in both groups. Rates of common complications, such as postoperative pancreatic fistula (p = 0.332), postoperative pancreatic hemorrhage (p = 0.242), insufficiency of pancreatogastrostomy (p = 0.103), insufficiency of hepaticojejunostomy (p = 0.445) and the re-operation rate (p = 0.103) were comparable. The procedure time for the open approach was significantly shorter compared to the robotic-assisted approach (p = 0.024). Discussion The provided anastomosis appeared applicable to a robotic-assisted setting resulting in comparable complication and mortality rates when compared to an open approach. Nevertheless, also in the field of robotic assistance establishing a predictable pancreatico-enteric anastomosis remains the most challenging aspect of modern single-stage pancreatoduodenectomy and requires expertise and experience.

Highly Stable Nonhydroxyl Antisolvent Polymer Dielectric: A New Strategy towards High-Performance Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Ultraflexible Organic Transistors for Skin-Inspired Electronics

Scarcity of the antisolvent polymer dielectrics and their poor stability have significantly prevented solution-processed ultraflexible organic transistors from low-temperature, large-scale production for applications in low-cost skin-inspired electronics. Here, we present a novel low-temperature solution-processed PEI-EP polymer dielectric with dramatically enhanced thermal stability, humidity stability, and frequency stability compared with the conventional PVA/c-PVA and c-PVP dielectrics, by incorporating polyethyleneimine PEI as crosslinking sites in nonhydroxyl epoxy EP. The PEI-EP dielectric requires a very low process temperature as low as 70°C and simultaneously possesses the high initial decomposition temperature (340°C) and glass transition temperature (230°C), humidity-resistant dielectric properties, and frequency-independent capacitance. Integrated into the solution-processed C8-BTBT thin-film transistors, the PEI-EP dielectric enables the device stable operation in air within 2 months and in high-humidity environment from 20 to 100% without significant performance degradation. The PEI-EP dielectric transistor array also presents weak hysteresis transfer characteristics, excellent electrical performance with 100% operation rate, high mobility up to 7.98 cm2 V-1 s-1 (1 Hz) and average mobility as high as 5.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 (1 Hz), excellent flexibility with the normal operation at the bending radius down to 0.003 mm, and foldable and crumpling-resistant capability. These results reveal the great potential of PEI-EP polymer as dielectric of low-temperature solution-processed ultraflexible organic transistors and open a new strategy for the development and applications of next-generation low-cost skin electronics.

P-OGC72 Morbidity following oesophagectomy: the long-term re-operation rate after surgical resection in a Scottish tertiary centre

Background Oesophagectomy remains the best curative option for early stage or locally advanced cancers of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction. The long-term morbidity associated with oesophagectomy is poorly understood. This study aimed to describe re-operation rates for oesophagectomy-related complications, performed beyond 90 days from index oesophagectomy. Methods A retrospective cohort study of all oesophagectomies performed in a single tertiary centre between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2019 was performed. Electronic records were interrogated and patients dichotomised into two groups, with patients that underwent re-operation at ≥ 90 days after oesophagectomy for complications directly related to the index procedure compared to patients who did not have further surgery. All endoscopic interventions were excluded from analysis. The median length of follow-up was 34 months (IQR 20-67). Results 343 patients were eligible for analysis. Patient demographics and index operative approach were similar between the two groups. Beyond 90 days from surgery, 8.7% of patients (30/343) required a further operation for complications directly related to oesophagectomy. The median time to re-operation was 15.5 months (IQR 12-29). 28 out of a total of 38 re-operations performed (73.7%) were for wound complications (including 15 incisional hernia repairs and 7 excision of stitch sinus). Development of a wound infection in the immediate post-operative period was associated with an increased rate of later re-operation (16.7% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.022). Conclusions A small but significant number of patients require re-operation following oesophagectomy beyond 90 days of surgery. This should form part of the pre-operative informed consent discussion in order to fully appraise patients and manage expectations. Reducing the incidence of early wound infection appears to be a key factor.

Design and Analysis of Auto-Plastering Machine

Nowadays contractors in Malaysia is still using the traditional way in the process of plastering wall. This traditional way not only wastes time, less efficiency and low production but also high in human intensity. Based on the innovation and creativeness, this research is to design an Auto-Plastering Machine. The Auto-Plastering Machine can improve the operation rate is much quicker compared to the traditional method due to less labor with experienced or non-experiences workers able to be used. This machine helps contractors in the construction industry of a building or dwelling in improving the efficiency of time and smoothen plaster finishing. It will perform well compare to the traditional plasterwork process.

P-BN54 The outcomes after a Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy

Background Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) is a recognised option when the “critical view” cannot be safely delineated. It carries a high morbidity rate as there are increased frequencies of a bile leak occurring however reducing the risk of bile duct injury. LSC can be further divided into fenestrating or reconstituting cholecystectomy, the later entails closing the remnant. The literature state reconstituting cholecystectomy reduced rate of bile leak. We reviewed our cases to analyse the complication rates of LSC and there outcomes. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent a laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) using electronic records between January 2015 to March 2021. A total of 160 patients, with a mean age of 65, 51% male and 49% female. Results 76% of LSC were performed as an emergency. Mean operation length was 96min and the mean blood loss 92ml. Complications occurred in 50% of patients. Post operatively 22% underwent an ERCP and the re-operation rate was 9%. The mean length of stay was 8 days. Conclusions Based on our results LSC carry a high rate of bile leak with the majority requiring intervention in the form of ERCP or laparoscopy and wash out. A reconstituting cholecystectomy, closing with an endoloop of suture seems to slightly reduce the rate of bile leak. LSC are only performed when managing a difficult gallbladder with a dense/ inflamed Calot's triangle. There were no mortalities associated with a LSC.

Organoids from Patient Biopsy Samples can Predict the Response of BC Patients to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been widely used to treat locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer. The initial purpose of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer is to reduce the tumor stage, achieve local control, and increase the conservative operation rate. Another significant advantage of using neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the early identification of unresponsive tumors, predicting the sensitivity of new drugs and promoting the development of new medicines and clinical trials. It is generally believed that complete pathological response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment predicts survival. The overall survival rate of patients who achieve pCR is much higher than that of patients who do not. Therefore, it is essential to predict the response of patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There is increasing evidence that patient-derived organoids (PDOs) can be used in cancer research and drug development and for the personalized in vitro evaluation of drug responses.Method We generated a living organoid biobank from locally advanced breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These patients had three clinically common molecular types of breast cancer (luminal-type, triple-negative and HER2+ breast cancer). When the patient received clinical neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the organoids were treated with similar drugs, thereby simulating the situation of the patient receiving treatmentResult We successfully constructed organoids from breast cancer biopsies to simulate clinical treatment, demonstrating that viable tumoroid lines can be generated from a small sample of tissue. The phenotype of breast cancer organoid often agreed with the original breast cancer according to the blinded histopathological analysis of H&E stain tissue and organoid sections. Our clinical trial data confirm that the patient's response to chemotherapy closely matches the organoids’ response to drugs. The patient-derived organoids may identify breast cancer patients who respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and thereby improve initial care.Conclusion Our data indicate that patient-derived organoids can be used to predict the clinical response of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in vitro and to screen drugs that have different effects on different patients.