Psicologia positiva na universidade: um estudo correlacional

Ao entrar no Ensino Superior, o estudante se depara com muitas dificuldades que podem levá-lo a desistir do curso. Pouco se estuda sobre o que faz com que os estudantes permaneçam na universidade apesar dos obstáculos que encontram durante a graduação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo correlacionar o otimismo, a satisfação com a vida, os afetos positivos e negativos e a resiliência acadêmica de universitários que estão na metade final de cursos de graduação. Ao todo 458 estudantes participaram da pesquisa. Foram aplicados questionários em três Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras, sendo um questionário sociodemográfico, Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Escala de Resiliência Acadêmica (ERA), Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS) e Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (PANAS). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre as variáveis estudadas, sendo que há uma correlação positiva entre o otimismo e a satisfação com a vida, os afetos positivos, a resiliência acadêmica e as subescalas da resiliência acadêmica perseverança e reflexão e busca de ajuda; e negativas entre os afetos negativos e a subescala da resiliência acadêmica respostas afetivas e emocionais negativas. Esses são dados de grande importância pois mostram que quando o estudante apresenta algum desses aspectos positivos analisados, pode ter outros também positivos, o auxiliando em sua vida universitária. Mais estudos sobre a temática precisam ser realizados para compreender quais variáveis podem estar relacionadas aos estudantes se manter na universidade. Assim, será possível pensar em políticas públicas e programas de intervenção para a manutenção do acadêmico na graduação.

A Preliminary Study of Relationship between Chinese Elegant Ideology and Environmental Mobilization

This study investigated the relationship between “Chinese elegant ideology" and environmental mobilization to explore a new possibility of consciousness awakening for environmental protection. The author considered the life posture of scholar-emits in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It conveyed a demand for the inheritance of ideas and civilizations as well as elegant and sustainable life orientation. The study will further identify the ideological and spiritual guidance and practical demonstration of cultural ideology for environmental movements by considering the causes and influential factors of environmental mobilization in modern society. It is supposed to get a trade-off between natural integration and social integration. The given elegant life dynamics of the Tang and Song Dynasty will construct an interaction between nature and mainstream human social behavior, which dramatically reduces the segregation and contradiction between social and natural integration. This study will advocate a sustainable and contracted "new form" that appeals to human spirits by studying the selection of the scholar-emits in the Tang and Song dynasties.

Pemberdayaan Pemuda Milenial Melalui Program Penguatan Jati Diri Insan Kamil di Komunitas Home Education Based Akhlak and Talent

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">Millennial Youth Empowerment Through the Program for Strengthening the Identity of Muslim Youth in the Community Home Education Based Akhlak and Talent. Youth with age characteristics who have a tempestuous spirit, the development of thinking power and the development of maximum maturity, in Islamic history have contributed a lot to world civilization. But today's youth seem to have started to lose their identity. Many young people are confused about the purpose of their lives, their life orientation is not directed to the good of the afterlife Therefore, it is important to have a youth empowerment program. The research approach uses a qualitative method with field research. The results of the study revealed that the Home Education Based Akhlak and Talent (HEBAT) community is one of the programs that empowers youth with the values of <em>fitrah</em>-based education <em>(Insan Kamil)</em>. The program tries to apply a fitrah assessment model with a mentoring method to ignite the nature of youth so that they shine beautifully into youth who have an empowered paradigm that is not only seen from an economic perspective, but empowered which means freedom from serving other than Allah. Youth who can have an impact on community empowerment are youth who are integrated between mental and spiritual, transmit the spirit of monotheism in addition to the science and technology they master, and are adaptive to the times. The role of the youth is as a solution for the community and as proof of work as a provision for the afterlife.</p>

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Use and Burnout: Optimism as a Mediator in Spanish Nurses

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between burnout, the use of drugs (anxiolytics and antidepressants) and optimism in nurses. At the end of 2018, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with a sample of actively employed nurses recruited by snowball sampling. The sample consisted of 1432 nurses in Andalusia (Spain), aged 22–58, who were working at the time of data collection, 83.2% of whom were women. Data were collected anonymously in an ad hoc questionnaire about sociodemographic information and use of anxiolytics and/or antidepressives: the Brief Burnout Questionnaire—Revised for Nurses (CBB-R) and the Life Orientation Test—Revised (LOT-R). Descriptive, mediation and moderation analyses were performed, with significant results having a p-value less than 0.05. The results on burnout showed significant relationships with use of the drugs. In particular, personal impact, job dissatisfaction and motivational abandonment were positively related to use of certain of the anxiolytics and antidepressants presented, while the correlation with the social climate was negative. Furthermore, optimism correlated negatively with drug use. Knowing that optimism can alleviate the repercussions of the use of drugs opens up new lines of research and the possibility of developing programs aimed at promoting a positive disposition in the face of complicated events.

Employment Motivation in Young People with Health Impairments

В статье проанализирована проблема трудоустройства молодежи с инвалидностью. Актуальность исследования обусловлена малым количеством эмпирических исследований особенностей мотивации к трудоустройству молодежи с инвалидностью, что затрудняет разработку эффективных практик по сопровождению трудоустройства лиц данной категории. Цель исследования состояла в эмпирическом выявлении и сравнительном анализе структуры мотивации к трудоустройству у молодых взрослых с инвалидностью и без нее, а также в установлении связи мотивации с ценностно-смысловой сферой данной категории молодежи, желающей трудоустроиться. Мотивация к трудоустройству рассматривалась с помощью методики изучения мотивации профессиональной деятельности К. Земфир в модификации А. А. Реана и теста Ф. Херцберга на определение ведущих факторов мотивации при работе, а ценностно-смысловая сфера — с помощью теста «Смысложизненные ориентации» (методика СЖО) в адаптации Д. А. Леонтьева. В статье представлены результаты исследования, которые показали, что у молодежи с инвалидностью и без нее компоненты структуры мотивации к трудоустройству различаются. У молодых людей с инвалидностью преобладает внешняя положительная мотивация, которая связана с финансовым благополучием и карьерой, и они не признают значимым мотивационным фактором к трудоустройству ответственность работы. У них обнаружена положительная связь мотивации с процессом жизни, удовлетворенностью самореализацией, достижением личного успеха и обратная — между управляемостью жизни, контролируемостью и таким фактором мотивации, как сотрудничество в коллективе. Полученные и представленные в статье результаты исследования обосновывают целесообразность продолжения изучения мотивации к трудоустройству инвалидов, в том числе с различным характером ограничений по здоровью, ее связей с другими психологическими факторами, а также определения комплекса методов психологической диагностики в целях совершенствования и повышения эффективности практики сопровождения трудоустройства людей с инвалидностью. The article analyzes employment problems experienced by young people with health impairments. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the scarcity of empirical research investigating the peculiarities of employment motivation in young people with health impairments, which creates certain difficulties related to the development of efficient patterns of employment support available to people with impairments. The aim of the research is to empirically investigate and comparatively analyze employment motivation in young people with health impairments and without them. The research is also aimed at investigating the connection between employment motivation of young people with health impairments and their system of values. Employment motivation is viewed through the prism of K. Zemfir’s employment motivation techniques modified by A. A. Rean and F. Herzberg’s test aimed at the identification of key factors of employment motivation. The system of values is assessed by means of the LIFO method (Life orientation) adapted by D. A. Leontyev. The results of the research presented in the article show that employment motivation is different in young people with health impairments and in young people without disabilities. Young people with health impairments have positive external motivation linked with career prospects and financial wellbeing. Professional responsibility is not viewed by them as a significant motivational factor. Employment motivation in their minds is associated with life, self-actualization, personal success, ability to control their lives, cooperation and team building. Research results presented in the article substantiate the feasibility of further investigation of employment motivation in people with health impairments and the connection of motivation with other psychological factors. Psychological support can improve the efficiency of employment support of students with health impairments.

Engagement y optimismo en un grupo de trabajadores colombianos: análisis de algunos predictores

Introducción: El engagement y el optimismo aportan a la salud mental, por tanto, es importante avanzar en la investigación de estos fenómenos psicológicos poco estudiados en Colombia. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el engagement y el optimismo en un grupo de trabajadores colombianos, e identificar el papel predictivo de la edad y la antigüedad en la organización en el engagement y el optimismo. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó una estrategia asociativa donde participaron 298 trabajadores (M=124-H=174) de una organización del sector telecomunicaciones. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-17 y el Life Orientation Test. Las hipótesis se probaron mediante correlación de Pearson, análisis de varianza y modelo de regresión lineal múltiple de pasos sucesivos. Resultados: Las dimensiones del engagement se correlacionaron con el optimismo vigor (r=0,42, p<0,01), dedicación (r=0,26, p<0,01) y absorción (r=0,20, p<0,01)). Conjuntamente, se encontraron diferencias en la dedicación en función de la edad (p=0,01) y la antigüedad (p=0,04). Los modelos predictivos reportaron asociaciones entre edad y vigor (β=0,25, t=4,2, p<0,000), dedicación (β=0,202, t=3,38, p<0,001) y absorción (β=0,145, t=2,4, p<0,017). Conclusiones: Existe una relación positiva entre engagement y optimismo. En este estudio la edad es un predictor del engagement, pero no del optimismo.

Psychometric quality of the Gratitude Questionnaire in Filipino college students

This study aims to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) to the Philippines, gathering evidence of its validity and reliability. Two studies were conducted. Participants in Study 1 were 340 college students (Mage= 20.63; 62.1% female), who completed the GQ-6 and demographic questions. The exploratory factor analysis was performed, indicating a one-factor solution (a= .80). Participants in Study 2 were 813 college students (Mage= 19.99 years; 50.1% male), who answered the GQ-6, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and the Spirituality/Religiousness items. Results corroborated the one-factor structure (e.g., CFI= .98, RMSEA= .05) showing evidence of its association with life orientation (r= .29), subjective happiness (r= .08), and religiosity (r= .31). The scores from the GQ-6 also exhibited invariance across gender. In conclusion, the GQ-6 provide evidence of factorial and criterion validity and reliability, justifying its use in the Philippines.