Javanese Cultural Heritage Building (Case Study: Joglo House)

For centuries East Java is one of the tribes in Indonesia that has a unique cultural treasure. This culture has been passed down from generation to generation since the days of the kingdom. Model approach in this research is leading to a descriptive qualitative ethnographic, in which the empirical reality a result, demanding researchers go directly to the location of the study, to be able to live up to their tradition, and the symptoms of everyday life that is full of social phenomena local culture. The relation between construction is a structure which is strongly influenced by the manifestation process mythology and cosmology Java). This means that the traditional Javanese house is not just a place to shelter (practical function), but also understood as a manifestation of the ideals and outlook on life or a symbolic function. In this case the traditional Javanese houses are not only placed as an autonomous element, a separate stand alone, but being seen in context, particularly relevant to the context of allied Javanese cosmology that underlie the view that the Javanese philosophy of life.

STATUS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF SLOGANES IN ADVERTISING COMMUNICATION

An advertising slogan is a special genre of advertising text that acts as a connecting link in the entire advertising campaign. In addition, slogans also perform a number of other functions, being the most important unit of advertising communication, they influence the recipients of information, affect their emotions and behavior. The relevance of the topic is due to the increased interest in the rapidly developing language of advertising. The article is devoted to general issues of the functioning of an advertising slogan in the structure of advertising activities, classification of slogans in advertising communication. Research methods are determined by the goals and objectives of the work. In a complex linguistic analysis, the following general scientific theoretical methods are used: the continuous sampling method, the descriptive-analytical method, the comparative-comparative method. The theoretical significance of this study lies in the expansion, deepening and systematization of theoretical information about the concept of an advertising slogan. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the materials of the study can be used in theoretical courses on advertising in the study of intercultural communication. Results. The totality of the typological characteristics of the slogan distinguishes it from the background of other verbal units of advertising appeal. These are laconicism and imagery of form, expressiveness, focus on dialogue with the addressee. The slogan of a product that is just entering the market must contain the brand name. This will allow the consumer to be remembered faster. Having analyzed the functions and typological characteristics of the slogan, we came to the conclusion that the slogan is a key autonomous element of the advertising message and can be used both in the context of advertising, being its component, and separately, having semantic, structural, compositional features. The slogan can act as a linguistic unit, independent of other elements of the advertising text, expressing the essence of the advertising campaign, the company's image, the dominant idea. Thus, the changes caused by extralinguistic factors inevitably lead to the creation of new advertising images, which in turn requires a qualitative transformation of the nature of the advertising text and the emergence of new advertising slogans.

Legal technique of interpretation of the law: theoretical and legal aspecks

In her work, the author proposes a system of means, methods, techniques and rules for the exercise of legal activity by subjects of law to understand and, if necessary, to explain the content of the law, aimed at obtaining a legal result. It is true that the main features of legal technology for the interpretation of norms of law are: it is a relatively autonomous element of the legal situation, which derives from its qualitative and quantitative characteristics; The essence of the legal technique of interpreting norms of law is that it corresponds to the essence of the law and the level of development of the legal system; its application is carried out as a result of the thoughtful, willful activity of subjects of law; The content of the legal technique for interpreting the law includes a system of means, means, techniques and rules for understanding and, where necessary, explaining the law; In the form in which its content is expressed, the legal technique of interpreting the rules of law is embodied in certain means, methods, techniques and rules; the legal technique of interpreting the rules of law may be classified into types; The role and importance of the legal technique in the interpretation of norms of law is revealed in the law-making and in the implementation of norms; the legal technique of the interpretation of norms of law is mainly based on the achievements of the legal science, namely the theory of law; The application of the legal technique to the interpretation of the law must be within the limits of the law. The legal technique of interpreting the norms of law should serve to affirm, safeguard and realize human and civil rights and freedoms. The essence and social function of legal technology in the interpretation of norms of law is manifested in law-making and in the implementation of norms of law. Keywords: rule of law, law-making, realization rule of law, interpretation rule of law, legal technique, legal technique of interpretation of the law

Spontaneous mutations in maize pollen are frequent in some lines and arise mainly from retrotranspositions and deletions

While studying spontaneous mutations at the maizebronze(bz) locus, we made the unexpected discovery that specific low-copy number retrotransposons are mobile in the pollen of some maize lines, but not of others. We conducted large-scale genetic experiments to isolate newbzmutations from severalBzstocks and recovered spontaneous stable mutations only in the pollen parent in reciprocal crosses. Most of the new stablebzmutations resulted from either insertions of low-copy number long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons or deletions, the same two classes of mutations that predominated in a collection of spontaneouswxmutations [Wessler S (1997)The Mutants of Maize, pp 385–386]. Similar mutations were recovered at the closely linkedshlocus. These events occurred with a frequency of 2–4 × 10−5in two lines derived from W22 and in 4Co63, but not at all in B73 or Mo17, two inbreds widely represented in Corn Belt hybrids. Surprisingly, the mutagenic LTR retrotransposons differed in the active lines, suggesting differences in the autonomous element make-up of the lines studied. Some active retrotransposons, likeHopscotch,Magellan, andBs2, aBs1variant, were described previously; others, likeFotoandFocouin 4Co63, were not. By high-throughput sequencing of retrotransposon junctions, we established that retrotranposition ofHopscotch,Magellan, andBs2occurs genome-wide in the pollen of active lines, but not in the female germline or in somatic tissues. We discuss here the implications of these results, which shed light on the source, frequency, and nature of spontaneous mutations in maize.

Między Rosją a Czechosłowacją: Ruś łemkowska w polityce międzynarodowej w dobie starań o podmiotowość polityczną, 1918-1921

Between Russia and Czechoslovakia: Lemko Rus’ Struggle for Political Independence in the Years 1918-1921 and International PoliticsThe events in Lemko Rus had, in the years 1918-1921, a subjective and political character, and were the result of Lemkos’ own initiatives and activities, and not just external influences. They proved to be the national maturation of the Lemko community. However, it cannot be said that the newly created Lemko councils aimed at or constituted their own Lemko state with the headquarters in the village of Florynka. It becomes clear after analysing the chronology of Lemko political postulates in the context of events in the regional and global plane. None of the subsequent stages of the process of specifying their nationality by the Lemkos was connected with the idea of a separate Lemko statehood. Formally speaking, i.e., from the perspective of law and international relations, the Lemko region first wanted to belong to the Russian state, then to Czechoslovakia, always strongly rejecting the notion of being part of the resurgent Poland and the then-created Ukraine. Czechoslovakia was not an alternative to Russia for Lemko politicians, but only a tactical necessity against the momentary, as it was believed, impossibility to implement the original Russian option. It was a case created by a coincidence of ad-hoc circumstances. Be the Lemkos’ own country in the national sense, that is, they met both the political and cultural criteria of belonging there, which were important to their community. The Czechoslovak option somehow forced, or rather made possible the second option – striving to create a local state with a wider formula than just the Lemko region, connecting all Rusyns living in Austria-Hungary, that is also those from Eastern Galicia, Bukovina and Hungary. Such a Carpatho-Ruthenian republic was supposed to be a substitute, necessary for formal reasons, as an autonomous element in the federal structure of the Czechoslovak state, and for political reasons, as a safeguard for the national aspirations of the such a Carpatho-Rusyn and a guarantee of their future unification with democratic Russia. While Russia, both tsarist and liberal, guided by its national doctrine, was willing to unconditionally include all Austro-Hungarian Ruthenians in its borders, including also westernmost Lemkos, Czechoslovak leaders wanted to bite only as much as they could chew economically and politically, i.e. – include only regions rich in cities or natural deposits. The poor and non-urbanized Lemko region was treated only as a convenient item in their subversive game of borders with Poland.

RESULTS AND TOOLS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOCUSING SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY IN WIRELESS NETWORKS

The widespread use of wireless technologies leads to an ever-increasing number of users and permanently functioning devices. However, the growth of the number of wireless users in a limited space and a limited frequency range leads to an increase in their mutual influence, which ultimately affects the throughput of wireless channels and even the performance of the system as a whole. The article presents the statistics and tendencies of the distribution of wireless networks of the IEEE 802.11 standard systems, as well as analyzes the main problems that arise during the expansion of their use. Substantiation and choice of ways to overcome these difficulties largely depends on the objective control of radiation parameters of access points and subscriber funds in a particular environment. The review of the state control facilities provided by the developers of the equipment is presented, and author's variants of experimental measuring complexes are offered, allowing to control signal and information parameters of Wi-Fi systems. The experimental results obtained with the use of the indicated means, obtained using the accelerating metal-plate lens as an additional autonomous element for focusing the field, including for MIMO systems, the effect of the accelerating metal-plate lens on the spatial distribution of the field, on the spectral structure of the signal are presented. In addition, polarization effects were investigated. Possible ways to further increase the availability, integrity of information and energy efficiency of wireless access systems are discussed. The authors propose simpler and less costly options for increasing the direction of radiation on the basis of an accelerating metal-plate lens, experimentally tested, as well as the use of zone zoning on the path of the computer.

Maize defective kernel mutant generated by insertion of a Ds element in a gene encoding a highly conserved TTI2 cochaperone

We have used the newly engineered transposable element Dsg to tag a gene that gives rise to a defective kernel (dek) phenotype. Dsg requires the autonomous element Ac for transposition. Upon excision, it leaves a short DNA footprint that can create in-frame and frameshift insertions in coding sequences. Therefore, we could create alleles of the tagged gene that confirmed causation of the dek phenotype by the Dsg insertion. The mutation, designated dek38-Dsg, is embryonic lethal, has a defective basal endosperm transfer (BETL) layer, and results in a smaller seed with highly underdeveloped endosperm. The maize dek38 gene encodes a TTI2 (Tel2-interacting protein 2) molecular cochaperone. In yeast and mammals, TTI2 associates with two other cochaperones, TEL2 (Telomere maintenance 2) and TTI1 (Tel2-interacting protein 1), to form the triple T complex that regulates DNA damage response. Therefore, we cloned the maize Tel2 and Tti1 homologs and showed that TEL2 can interact with both TTI1 and TTI2 in yeast two-hybrid assays. The three proteins regulate the cellular levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) and localize to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, consistent with known subcellular locations of PIKKs. dek38-Dsg displays reduced pollen transmission, indicating TTI2’s importance in male reproductive cell development.

Les reliures des livres d’Heures manuscrits de l’Université McGill et la reliure gothique d’origine du McGill, MS 101

Une reliure sert avant tout à protéger l’ouvrage qu’elle recouvre. Elle doit aussi être considérée comme un élément autonome qui a son esthétique, ses techniques et son histoire propres. Cet article présentera d’abord, de manière générale, les reliures des neuf livres d’Heures manuscrits conservés à McGill, dont certaines sont d’origine et d’autres furent restaurées entre le XVIIe et la fin du XXe siècle. En second lieu, la remarquable reliure originale du manuscrit McGill, MS 101 sera décrite en détail. Cette reliure est la plus représentative du corpus au pour son vocabulaire stylistique de la reliure de la deuxième moitié du XVe siècle avec ses ais, ses fermoirs en laiton torsadé et son cuir décoré à froid de fers dit monastiques. L’analyse codicologique de ces livres d’Heures contribue à l’archéologie du livre médiéval et s’inscrit dans une perspective de mise en valeur de la reliure ancienne en Occident entreprise par de grandes bibliothèques européennes. A book’s binding, above all else, serves to protect the work inside. It must also be considered as an autonomous element that has its own aesthetic, techniques, and history. This article will present, in a general way, the bindings of nine Books of Hours preserved at McGill, some of which are original and others that were restored between the seventeenth century and the end of the twentieth. Secondly, the remarkable original binding of manuscript McGill, MS 101 will be described in detail. This binding is the most representative of the corpus when considering the stylistic vocabulary of book bindings during the second half of the fifteenth century with its panels, braided brass fasteners, and leather which was decorated freehand with a monastic design. The codicological analysis of these Books of Hours contributes to the archeology of the medieval book and follows a perspective of the development of ancient book binding in the West undertaken by great European libraries.