reverse relationship
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Saito ◽  
Kosuke Motoki ◽  
Rui Nouchi ◽  
Motoaki Sugiura

Animacy perception—discriminating between animate and inanimate visual stimuli—is the basis for engaging in social cognition and for our survival (e.g. avoiding potential danger). Previous studies indicate that bottom-up factors, such as the features or motion of a target, enhance animacy perception. However, top-down factors such as elements in perceivers have received little attention. Research on judgment, decision-making, and neuroeconomics indicate the active role of visual attention in constructing decisions. This study examined the role of visual attention in the perception of animacy by manipulating the relative visual attention to targets. Among Studies 1a to 1c conducted in this study, participants saw two face illustrations alternately; one of the faces was shown to be longer than the other. The participants chose the face that they considered more animated and rounder. Consequently, longer visual attention towards targets facilitated animacy perception and preference rather than the perception of roundness. Furthermore, pre-registered Study 2 examined the underlying mechanisms. The results suggest that mere exposure, rather than orienting behaviour, might play a key role in the perception of animacy. These results suggest that in the reverse relationship between attention and animacy perception, animate objects capture attention, and attention results in the perception of animacy.


Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Rong-ling Pan ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yu-qi Hu ◽  
Hui Xv ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (47) ◽  
pp. 12-31
Author(s):  
Ahmet ÇETİNKAYA ◽  
Ali Murat KIRIK ◽  
Uğur GÜNDÜZ

This study examines the relationship of fear of missing out (FOMO) with heavy social networking among Turkish university students (aged 17 - 55). Factor analysis of FOMO scale led us to evaluate the construct under two dimensions as (1) fear of missing experience and (2) fear of missing activity. The results revealed that fear of missing activity increases social media intrusion while fear of missing experience is found to have no significant effect. The reverse relationship is also valid: an urge to use social media predicts fear of missing out (activity and experience). Fear of missing experience is associated with problematic social media use (PSMU) and a high desire to use social media.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1417-1423
Author(s):  
Amal Zaki ◽  
Helmy Hassan El Ghawaby ◽  
Mostafa Mahmoud Mohammed Gad ◽  
Amira Mohamed Ismail ◽  
Amr Shafiq Nawar

BACKGROUND: Sepsis and septic shock are major problems faced the healthcare systems all over the world every year. The ultrasound (US) is a simple, non-invasive, easily accessible technique, and showed great accuracy in diaphragm assessment. AIM: We evaluated the diaphragmatic function assessed by US in patients with sepsis and septic shock and correlated these assessments with different parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study carried out on 30 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) diagnosed with sepsis and/or septic shock. Both diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and thickness fraction (diaphragm thickening fraction [TDI] %) were assessed by US on admission and every 48 h along the patients’ ICU stay. RESULTS: In the current study, there was a statistically significant reverse relationship between mortality and the different diaphragmatic function parameters (DE on admission, average DE, on admission TDI%, average TDI%). On the other hand, the DE (on admission and average) showed a statistically significant reverse relation with the need and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) while the TDI% showed a statistically significant reverse relation only with the duration of MV. Besides, there was a statistically significant direct relationship between successful weaning from MV and all the measured parameters. CONCLUSION: We proposed that the diaphragmatic function parameters (DE on admission, average DE, on admission TDI% and average TDI%) assessed by US of septic ICU patients could be used as a predictor of the need, duration, and successful weaning from MV and also as a predictor of mortality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
M Wiharto ◽  
M Wijaya ◽  
H Lodang ◽  
H Karim

Abstract The study about the diversity and structure of treelet vegetation in three slope areas on the mountainous forest of mount Bawakaraeng, Regency of Gowa, Province of South Sulawesi had been done. There were 17 species of treelets throughout the study area, from 13 families and 16 genera. The Asteraceae family has the highest number of species with 3 species, followed by Fabaceae and Solanaceae which each has 2 species. Pteridium aquilinum, Chromolaena odorata, Breynia oblongifolia, and Pogostemon cablin are the species with the highest important value index. The number of treelet species ranges from 15-16. Treelet species were mostly found in the flat slope area. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranges from 2,033-2,161 and was found to be highest on steep slopes and lowest on flat slopes. The H’ has the same tendency as Simpson’s Diversity Index and Evenness Index of Pielou (E) and reverse relationship with Simpson’s Dominance Index.


2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012111
Author(s):  
Amer J. A. Al-Gerrawy ◽  
Ahmed J. M. Al-Shammary ◽  
Hayder S. H Al-Azzawy

Abstract This investigation concentrated on studying the effect of gamma rays on the flight ability index and on the dispersal of irradiated males because these two parameters were very important for applying the sterile male release technique. The results of this study showed that the flight ability index of irradiated males as pupae of 3, 4 and 5 days with doses ranged from 60 to 120 Gy were highly significant p<0.05 compared with control treatment during an experiment carried out under field conditions. The results showed that there were a reverse relationship between flight ability index and gamma rays doses. Furthermore, the results of this investigation also showed that there were a reverse relationship between the mean average of males captured by the pheromone traps and gamma rays doses after 1,2,3, and 4 days from the release.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4139-4160

The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of blending ratio and storage of mixed fruit juice from pineapple and two cactus pear juices. The data for pH and titratable acidity (TA) showed a reverse relationship (while pH decreased; an increase in TA occurred in non-significant values) in both blends at all blending ratios with excellent antimicrobial activity. The studied blends had HMF concentrations ranging from 1.04 to 2.49 mg/L at T1 (at zero time) and T6 (at the end of storage), respectively. The total phenolic concentration was 28.53, 59.72, and 51.46 mg/100 mL of the initial pineapple, purple, and green CP juices, respectively. The blends of pineapple with purple CP showed a higher total antioxidant activity than pineapple with green CP juice. T6 blend amongst all blends was found to be the most preferred one. Therefore, we follow up the organoleptic evaluation and volatile compounds using GC-MS of this blend during storage. The main volatile compounds identified using GC-MS in fresh, pure pineapple juice were esters, especially ethyl acetate, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, and ethyl butanoate, representing 13.11%, 9.32%, and 8.38%, respectively. On the other hand, the major volatile compounds were alcohols followed by aldehydes. 1-Hexanol had the highest concentration (12.41%), followed by hexanal (10.86%). The stored blend of pineapple and purple CP (1:3) exhibited a remarkable increase in aldehydes, especially benzaldehyde, to be 10.93% compared to the fresh blend, which had 7.62%.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Marques ◽  
Susan J. Paxton ◽  
Siân A. McLean ◽  
Hannah K. Jarman ◽  
Chris G Sibley

This study examined the temporal sequence of the relationship between social media use and body dissatisfaction in adults. A representative sample of adults (19–92 years old; M = 52.83, SD = 13.43; 62.02% women, 37.98% men) completed measures of social media use, body dissatisfaction, age, gender, BMI, and demographic variables in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 (N = 6,258) in the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study. In the full sample, higher social media use was significantly associated with higher body dissatisfaction one year later, as was higher body dissatisfaction with higher social media use one year later after controlling for body dissatisfaction/social media use (T-1), gender, age, BMI, ethnicity, relationships status, and SES. Effects were small. The prospective pathway from social media use to body dissatisfaction was significant in all age groups but the reverse relationship was only significant in the middle aged and older groups. Both pathway directions were significant in women but only the pathway from body dissatisfaction to social media use was significant in men. The research has limitations and replication is required. However, findings suggest raising awareness about how to use social media positively across the broad community, not merely in adolescents, may be worthwhile.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mphatso Nancy Chisala ◽  
Pui-Ying Iroh Tam ◽  
Wongani Nyangulu ◽  
James Nyirenda

Background: Pneumonia and diarrhoea are the leading causes of childhood mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recurrence of these common infections are one of the immediate causes of malnutrition, which puts children at risk of further infection. While studies have focused on how gut microbiota is broadly protective against respiratory infection, there has been less attention paid to the reverse relationship, of respiratory microbiota and pathogens influencing the gut, and subsequent association with growth. Methods: In this sub-study of a prospective cohort study, 27 children (2-24 months) who tested positive for Cryptosporidium were followed up over 8 weeks. Respiratory and stool pathogens were detected using quantitative molecular methods. Nutritional outcomes were assessed as length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores. Changes over the study period were compared using repeated analysis of variance and mixed effects model analysis. Results: In this period,104 sputum and stool samples were collected. All stool samples had at least one pathogen detected, with an average of 5.1 (SD 2.1) stool pathogens, compared to 84% of the sputum samples with an average 3.5 (SD1.8). Diarrhoeagenic E. coli were the most common stool pathogens (92%), followed by Cryptosporidium (52%) and Campylobacter pan (39%). In sputum, S. pneumoniae was most prevalent (84%), seconded by Rhinovirus (56%) and M. catarrhalis (50%). There was a significant change in WAZ over the follow-up period. Children who had ≥3 GI pathogens had significantly a lower LAZ mean score at enrollment (-1.8 (SD 1.4)) and across the follow-up period. No relationship between respiratory pathogens and short-term growth was observed. Out of 49 sputum samples that had ≥3 pathogens, 42 (85%) simultaneously had ≥3 GI pathogens. Conclusion: Among young children hospitalized with diarrhoea, multiple gut and respiratory pathogens were prevalent over an 8-week follow-up period. The presence of more GI, but not respiratory, pathogens was significantly associated with reduced short-term growth.


Author(s):  
Zahia Smail Salhi

Purpose: This article aims to engage in a meaningful discussion of Occidentalism as a discourse that draws its roots from Orientalism. It scrutinizes the limitations of Occidentalism in investigating the East-West encounter from the perspective of Orientals (Arab intellectuals) and the multifarious ways the latter relate to and imagine the Occident. It will cast a critical eye on the multiple and diverse constructions of Occidentalism as a discourse, arguing that unlike Orientalism, which homogenizes the Orient, Occidentalism does not Occidentalize/homogenize the Occident. Methodology: We take as a starting point Edward Said’s definition of Orientalism as a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between ‘the Orient’ and ‘the Occident’, and we explore the limitations and the possibilities of Occidentalism as a method to construe the colonial mechanisms of misrepresentation of the Other as everything different from the Self. This article compares and contrasts a plethora of existing definitions of Occidentalism as formulated by scholars from both the Arab world and the Occident. Findings: This paper concludes that the Oriental’s encounter with the Occident cannot, and should not, be projected as a reverse relationship, or, as some claim, as an ‘Orientalism in reverse’. Instead, it should be projected as a diverse set of relationships of Orientals who have experienced the Occident in a variety of manners. Furthermore, while Orientalism derives from a particular closeness experienced between the Occident and its Orient, often through real or imagined encounters, Occidentalism is also the outcome of a long cultural relationship between the Orient and its Occident. What differs between the Orient and Occident, however, is the position of power and hegemony, which characterizes the Occident’s encounter with the Orient. Originality: This article takes an all-inclusive view to discuss the term Occidentalism from the perspectives of both the Orient and the Occident. It teases out the limitations of this term. It challenges Orientalist methods of misrepresentation, which continues to blemish the Arab world and its discourse of Occidentalism as a discourse of hatred of the Occident. Furthermore, through the discussion of Alloula’s Oriental Harem, it offers insight into the suggested Occidentalism method, which emphasizes the disfigurations of the Orient while tactfully writing back to the Occident.


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