Historical Hermeneutics of Musical Styles

The relevance of the study of the historical hermeneutics of musical styles is determined by the need to find a philosophical basis for changing the cultural paradigm and the desire to return classical canons to musical art in particular. The aim of the work is to analyse the characteristic features of the interpretation of musical styles in accordance with the principles of historical hermeneutics on the example of jazz music. The research was conducted in two stages on the basis of interdisciplinary, systematic and hermeneutical approaches using general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison and ascent from the abstract to the concrete. In the process of scientific research, the views of researchers on the interpretation and understanding of hermeneutics in the context of musical art were considered; a general characteristic of the hermeneutics of musical styles in accordance with historical and philosophical prerequisites was given; the main elements of the theoretical model of musical philosophy of interpretation, which include critical interpretation, the purpose of interpretation, compatibility with description and limitation by requirements were described; the author’s concept of interpretation of musical styles, formed at three levels, were proposed; the characteristics of the hermeneutics of jazz style, in particular the presence of musical improvisational discourse, historical duality, transcendentality of content and form, advertising integration are determined; the article summarizes the specifics of jazz in accordance with two components: the European harmonic system and the fret principles of blues intonation, which made it possible to identify and generalize the theory of interpretation of jazz in the historical and philosophical paradigm. The practical value of scientific work consists in providing a comprehensive hermeneutical base of jazz style in order to further improve the practical application of musical style by teachers, students, musicians and specialists in the field of musical art.

Leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients: difficulties in diagnostics and treatment

В статье представлены клинические случаи лейшманиоза, которые проанализированы в контексте течения ВИЧ-инфекции, при которой лейшманиоз выступает в роли оппортунистического заболевания. Дана общая характеристика лейшманиоза, а также отмечены особенности течения этой инфекции на фоне приобретенного иммунодефицита. Рассмотрены вопросы диагностики и лечения лейшманиоза, смертность при котором остается достаточно высокой. Значительная распространенность ВИЧ-инфекции в мире, ежегодно увеличивающийся туристический поток в эндемичные страны, а также увеличение эндемичных очагов на территории РФ в связи с присоединением Республики Крым требуют от врачей всех специальностей пристального внимания и настороженности в отношении лейшманиоза. Особое внимание заслуживают больные ВИЧ-инфекцией, уже имеет место ряд сообщений о том, что у инфицированных ВИЧ диагностируется висцеральный лейшманиоз, и они подвергаются бóльшему риску инфицирования, чем общая популяция. Проявления висцерального лейшманиоза среди пациентов с иммунодефицитом, как правило, не отличаются от классического течения, однако в зависимости от степени угнетения иммунитета болезнь может принимать атипичные формы, что затрудняет своевременную диагностику и назначение адекватной терапии. При наличии у больного ВИЧ-инфекции, длительной лихорадки неправильного типа, увеличения лимфоузлов, селезенки, печени, потери веса > 10%, прогрессирующей анемии, нейтропении, тромбоцитопении, гипоальбуминемии и данных о пребывании в регионах, эндемичных по лейшманиозу, целесообразно обследование на висцеральный лейшманиоз – пункция костного мозга с окраской мазков по Романовскому – Гимзе, постановкой ПЦР-пунктата с использованием тест-системы на лейшманиоз, а при получении положительных результатов – назначение препаратов пятивалентной сурьмы, препаратов второго ряда – амфотерицина В, липосомального амфотерицина В или паромомицина. In this article, leishmaniasis is considered in the context of HIV infection, in which this disease appears to be an opportunistic. A general characteristic of leishmaniasis is given, and the features of the course of infection in immunodeficiency are also presented. In the example of clinical cases, issues featuring diagnostics and treatment of leishmaniasis are reviewed, the mortality rate of which remains quite high. The accession of Crimea to Russia, the high prevalence of HIV infection in the world, as well as the annually increasing tourist flow to endemic countries, require physicians of all specialties to be aware of this disease. HIV patients deserve special attention, there are already a number of reports that people with HIV are diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis and are at greater risk of infection than the general population. The manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis among patients with immunodeficiency, as a rule, do not differ from the classical course, however, depending on the degree of suppression of immunity, the disease can take on atypical forms, which complicates timely diagnosis and the appointment of adequate therapy. If the patient has HIV infection, prolonged fever of the wrong type, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, liver, weight loss > 10%, progressive anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and data on stay in regions endemic for leishmaniasis, it is advisable to be tested for visceral leishmaniasis – puncture of bone marrow with staining of smears according to Romanovsky – Giemsa, staging of PCR punctate using a test system for leishmaniasis, and if positive results are obtained, the appointment of pentavalent antimony drugs, second-line drugs – amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B or paromomycin.

الرضا الوظيفي لدى لمعلمي مرحلة الابتدائية خريجي كلية التربية جامعة حائل وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات ( الجنس ,المؤهل العلمي, سنوات الخبرة)

This study aimed to identify the degree of job satisfaction among teachers of primary stage who are graduates of the Faculty of Education, University of Hail. Education University of Hail? Based on the previous question, the study tests the following hypotheses: The general characteristic of job satisfaction among primary school teachers graduates of the Faculty of Education, University of Hail. - There are statistically significant differences in job satisfaction among teachers of elementary stage graduates of the Faculty of Education, University of Hail according to gender variable (male / female) - There is a significant correlation between the level of job satisfaction among the teachers of the primary stage graduates of the Faculty of Education, University of Hail according to the variable of scientific qualification. The researcher reached the following results: - The primary stage teachers are graduates of the College of Education, University of Hail, with average job satisfaction. - There are no statistically significant differences between male and female teachers in job satisfaction. Achieving the principle of fairness in rewards between workers in the field of education Providing - and preparing programs to develop the positive attitudes of teachers towards the teaching profession, lead to teachers consider the teaching profession a message and not a profession to achieve the requirements of life only. - Developing and diversifying training courses for teachers aimed at providing them with skills that enable them to overcome the difficulties of working in a profession.

Scaffolding layered control architectures through constraint closure: insights into brain evolution and development

The functional organization of the mammalian brain can be considered to form a layered control architecture, but how this complex system has emerged through evolution and is constructed during development remains a puzzle. Here we consider brain organization through the framework of constraint closure, viewed as a general characteristic of living systems, that they are composed of multiple sub-systems that constrain each other at different timescales. We do so by developing a new formalism for constraint closure, inspired by a previous model showing how within-lifetime dynamics can constrain between-lifetime dynamics, and we demonstrate how this interaction can be generalized to multi-layered systems. Through this model, we consider brain organization in the context of two major examples of constraint closure—physiological regulation and visual orienting. Our analysis draws attention to the capacity of layered brain architectures to scaffold themselves across multiple timescales, including the ability of cortical processes to constrain the evolution of sub-cortical processes, and of the latter to constrain the space in which cortical systems self-organize and refine themselves. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Systems neuroscience through the lens of evolutionary theory’.

Analysis of pre-monsoon thunderstorm frequency over Srlniketan, Alipore and Kalaikunda -The possible association with solar activity

ABSTRACT -General characteristic features of thunderstorm frequency (TSF) observed during (1951-89) during pre-monsoon season at Sriniketan (23°39'N, 87"42'E), Alipore (22° 32'N, 88"20'E) and Kalaikunda (21°20'N, 87" 13'E) have been studied. It is seen that premonsoon TSF follows a rough periodicity 0f 6.6) year. For Kalaikunda (KLK) there is an overal1 upward trend and for Sriniketan (SKT) an overall downward trend; whereas, for Alipore (ALP) the trend pattern remains practically constant. The maximum TSF attained by all these three stations is nearly twice that of mean TSF of respective stations. The solar influence on the frequency of thunderstorm (TS) has been investigated and found to be interesting. TSF over SKT and KLK attained minimum value while that over ALP was near minimum during 1957; which in turn was the year of maximum sunspot (SS) number over the entire period of analysis. Now in general, if we take SS number and TSF of same year and calculate correlation coefficient (CC) considering all the years. i.e., taking SS without any restriction, the CC comes out to be quite small. But the result is just the reverse when the TSF value of those years is considered when SS number is higher. In particular when SS number exceeds some critical value (~140), TSF decreases sharply. The effect of solar sub-cycle, 11-yearcycle and 22-yearcycle un TS has also been discussed. It is seen that during min-max sub-phases, mean TSF is comparatively higher than its value in neighbouring max-min sub-phases and also it is in opposite phase in relation with mean SS. During 11-yearcycle also in most of the cases an opposite phase relationship exists between mean TSF and mean SS.

PLASTICITY OF SEMANTICS OF PREDICATE WORDS

В статье термин «пластичность» рассматривается как зависимость значения признаковых слов от контекста, способность гибко реагировать на сочетаемость, уточнять значение в разных дискурсивных употреблениях. Пластичность является общей характеристикой признаковых слов, в глаголах проявляется в способности к функциональной категоризации, у качественных прилагательных - в модификации самого признака, у относительных - в модификации передаваемого ими отношение. In the article, the term «plasticity» is considered as the dependence of the meaning of predicate words on the context, the ability to respond flexibly to compatibility, to clarify the meaning in different discursive uses. Plasticity is a general characteristic of predicate words, in verbs it manifests itself in the ability to functional categorization, in qualitative adjectives - in the modification of the quality, in relative - in the modification of the relation conveyed by them.

Agricultural land use in the post-reform period (2000-2020) in a market economy

The formation of agricultural land use adequate to the tasks of the market economy is the most important task of the post-reform period. Agrarian transformations were of a social and political nature and solved the problems of transition from a planned to a market economy. To implement them, we used not the experience of Russia in previous years, but examples from the practice of advanced economies of the European Union. Therefore, the appearance of such a phenomenon as unused land (in general, characteristic of the crisis periods of the market economy) caused a negative perception. The paper considers this problem as an important social and economic phenomenon and suggests ways to solve it. For this purpose, the technology of identifying and detailed study of the state of the land is proposed. The identification of the natural suitability for the cultivation of the main agricultural crops is confirmed by ensuring sufficient efficiency of crop production. Based on the analysis of the conditions of land use (labor, capital and energy supply) and their legal status, the economic feasibility of involving unused plots in economic turnover is established. This will make it possible to make the necessary and reasonable decisions to restore the land and resource potential of agricultural production. To ensure the controlled and systematic implementation of the program to solve the problem, a state-commercial center is being created in the subject of the Federation, which organizes, controls and finances the activities carried out.

Hydrochemical water quality monitoring of natural water bodies of the Ural river basin

A general characteristic of the river basin of the interstate Ural river and information on the economic use of the Ural river in its upper, middle and lower reaches are given. Information on the hydrology of the liquid and solid flow of the Ural river is presented. Hydrochemical monitoring of water bodies of the Ural river basin was conducted during the flood period, during the summer low water period and during the autumn low water period of 2017–2018. The hydrochemical monitoring of the water quality in natural reservoirs of the Ural drainage basin made it possible to identify an excess of the MPCs for residential use and for fishery of heavy metal ions in the water of the examined reservoirs. An excess of cadmium ions by (1.2–1.4) MPC for residential use was found in the Ilek river during its low water as well as in the Ural river near the border with the Russian Federation during the flood period in the amount of (3.1–3.4) MPC for residential use and near the village Zharsuat in the period of summer and autumn low water in the amount of (1.5–2.6) MAC for residential use. An excessive concentration of lead ions by (1.2–1.4) of MPC for fresh water fisheries in the middle and lower reaches of the Ural river at different times of the year was found. Excessive concentrations of ions of different heavy metals in comparison with their MPC for fresh water fisheries were found in all water bodies in different periods of the year. The greatest excess of zinc ions in comparison with its MPC for fresh water fisheries was observed during low water.

Beam Propagation Factor of Hollow Higher-order Cosh-Gaussian Beams

Based on the second-order moments definition, we investigate in this paper the beam propagation factor of new mathematical model of Hollow higher-order Cosh-Gaussian (HhCG) beams. Two analytical formulae of the M2-factor of HhCG beams are derived. Moreover, numerical simulations are developed to illustrate the effects of the beams orders n and l, the parameter δ and the beam waist ω0 on the M2-factor. The result shows a more general characteristic of higher-order Cosh-Gaussian, Cosh-Gaussian and the fundamental Gaussian beams can be obtained as specials cases of HhCG beams.

The specificity of art magazine in the context of culture of the Silver Age Culture

The subject of this research is art magazines of the late XIX – early XX centuries and their role in cultural life of the turn-of-the-century era. Based on the comprehensive and systemic culturological approach, which encompasses historical-cultural method, textological analysis, scientific classification (analysis of primary sources, secondary data), structural-typological and other methods of scientific analysis, the author advances the general characteristic of the specificity of the new format of periodicals as an intrinsically valuable phenomenon of the Silver Age. Special attention is given to the prerequisites for creation of art magazine, as well as the cultural context of its emergence. The symbolist magazine did not only promote new trends in art and literature, but also formed the unique cultural phenomena. Being a platform for uncompromising and innovative findings, the symbolist periodicals have become a launching ground for such phenomena as symbolist journalism, symbolist criticism, new illustration, as well as advanced methods of arrangement of printed publications. The novelty of this research lies in determination, classification and detailed description of specific features that distinguish art magazines of the Silver Age, as well as revelation of a range of phenomena generated by this format of periodicals. It is demonstrated that besides the fact that art magazines of the turn of the century have become a unique diary of the era, which most clearly reflected its mentality, as well as evolution of art and thought of the late XIX – early XX centuries, they largely determined the cultural paradigm of the Silver Age. The presented materials and conclusions can be used in lectures and seminars on the history and theory of culture, the history of Russian journalism, development of the course “Art Magazines of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries”, as well as contribute to broadening of theoretical representations of the culture of the Silver Age.