Language Diversity in Syair Nasihat: An Alternative Effort to Strengthen National Identity through Literature Learning

Syair Nasihat (hereinafter abbreviated as SN) is an old literary work written in Arabic letters and utilizing the diversity of languages that exist in the archipelago. Therefore, a study of the SN manuscript needs to be carried out comprehensively and holistically so that the diversity of languages used to instill the values of local wisdom can be used as a source of inspiration for literary learning in the future. The method used in this study is the text editing method, namely the critical edition method. The use of this method is expected to provide good and correct SN text edits. The text study method used is a literary research method, especially semiotic studies. Thus, the use of language and its symbols contained in the SN text can be fully disclosed so that the results of the study can be useful for the world of education in welcoming the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0. AbstrakSyair Nasihat (selanjutnya disingkat SN) merupakan karya sastra lama yang ditulis dengan huruf Arab dan memanfaatkan keragaman bahasa yang ada di Nusantara. Oleh karena itu, kajian terhadap naskah SN perlu dilakukan secara komprehensif dan holistik sehingga keragaman bahasa yang dimanfaatkan untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal tersebut dapat dijadikan sumber inspirasi bagi pembelajaran sastra di masa yang akan datang. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode penyuntingan teks, yaitu metode edisi kritis. Penggunaan metode ini diharapkan dapat menghadirkan suntingan teks SN yang baik dan benar. Adapun metode pengkajian teks yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sastra, khususnya kajian semiotik. Dengan demikian, penggunaan bahasa beserta simbol-simbolnya yang terdapat dalam teks SN dapat diungkap secara tuntas sehingga hasil kajiannya dapat bermanfaat bagi dunia pendidikan dalam menyambut Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan Society 5.0.

The Application of Psychology in Literary Creation

Creation of literary is derived from people's thinking activities, which is an art that reflects the inner world of writers with language as the carrier. Psychology is a science that studies the occurrence, development and activity rules of psychological phenomena, as well as a broad subject. With the development of the times and the research of many scholars, the relationship between psychology and literature is more and more obvious, showing the characteristics of mutual interpretation and interdependence. Through the purification theory and psychoanalysis theory in psychology, the author further expounds the importance of psychology in literary research and the application of psychology in modern literary creation.

Married Dostoevsky? The History of Relations between V.V. Rozanov and A.P. Suslova

The article examines in detail the history of the relationship between A.P. Suslova and V.V. Rozanov in connection with the notion existing in the historical and literary science that Rozanovs marriage to Suslova was based on his deep interest in the work of F.M. Dostoevsky and his desire in such an unusual way to penetrate deeper into the secrets of the life and work of the author of The Idiot and The Brothers Karamazov. However, an appeal to various documentary evidence shows that Rozanovs marriage motives came from the warehouse of his nature and constituted a complex of rather complex reasons, among which the human, and not literary, research principle still dominates. The desire for a benevolently objective study of the life history of A.P. Suslova makes it possible to clarify at the modern scientific level the important facts of the biography of F.M. Dostoevsky and V.V. Rozanov, to free them from the stratifications of legends and myths.

Zur sozialen Logik der Tugendprobe

In a broad overview, this article examines the virtue test scenarios (›Tugendproben‹) in Arthurian romances and short narratives of the 13th and 14th centuries as well as in late medieval chivalric romance and Shrovetide plays. While literary research has mainly focused on didactic and comic moments of only two texts so far, the article aims at an underlying social structure formed by public control, rank representation, and concern for the cohesion of Arthurian society. This constellation, I argue, reflects the problem of reconciling two contradictory principles of courtly socialization: agonal competition and an assertion of virtual equality.

WIRAUSAHAWAN DAN ŰBERMENSCH: BERGURU PADA NIETZSCHE

This article from the library research using the content analysis method explores the image of entrepreneurs in general and the description of the 'superman' or 'űbermensch' according to the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The results of this literary research show that the characteristics of 'superhuman' according to Nietzsche match the picture of the image of businessmen and entrepreneurs in the economy. An entrepreneur is a person who has the ability and desire to explore, establish, and manage resources for profit. What is needed for an entrepreneur is an innovative, creative, visionary, autonomous, free attitude, a passion to excel, dare to overcome ‘his own self', be pro-active, and look for new ways of doing business, new products, and new services. This kind of character fits the image of 'superman' according to Nietzsche's view, namely humans who have the will to power, are brave, creative, active, confident, never satisfied with themselves, overcome themselves and the world, are free, and are creators of their own values. So from Nietzsche's thinking about 'superman', entrepreneurs can learn about creative-destruction, self-autonomy, courage to overcome challenges, consciousness of success and failure in business as a school of life, creative, and innovative. The entrepreneur's business innovation is only possible if he dares to attack "idols", convenience, and all that is established. Like a philosopher today, entrepreneurs are people who open the veil and whip up economic growth. Therefore, Nietzsche's contribution to superman image is not only necessary but also important and relevant for understanding entrepreneurship. In line with Nietzsche's thinking, business and entrepreneurship are not only dealing with economic problems but must be seen as a part of the struggle for life; a field of 'war' that must be won. Űbermensch is a hero who won the struggle to be human. Business is a way of 'being' as a human being.Artikel hasil penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi ini mengeksplorasi citra wirausahawan pada umumnya dan gambaran tentang ‘manusia super’ atau ‘űbermensch’ menurut filsuf Jerman Friedrich Nietzsche. Hasil penelitian literer ini memperlihatkan bahwa karakteristik ‘manusia super’ menurut Nietzsche cocok dengan gambaran tentang citra para pebisnis dan wirausahawan dalam ekonomi. Wirausahawan adalah orang yang memiliki kemampuan dan keinginan untuk mengeksplorasi, mendirikan, mengelola sumber daya untuk meraih keuntungan. Yang diperlukan bagi seorang wirausahawan adalah sikap inovatif, kreatif, visioner, otonom, bebas, hasrat untuk berprestasi, berani mengatasi ‘diri sendiri’, pro-aktif, dan mencari cara baru dalam menjalankan bisnis, produk baru, dan jasa baru. Karakter semacam ini cocok dengan citra ‘manusia super’ menurut pandangan Nietzsche yakni manusia yang memiliki kehendak untuk berkuasa, berani, kreatif, aktif, percaya diri, tidak pernah puas dengan diri sendiri, mengatasi diri sendiri dan dunia, bebas, serta pencipta nilainya sendiri. Maka dari pemikiran Nietzsche tentang ‘manusia super’, wirausahaan bisa belajar tentang destruksi-kreatif, otonomi diri, berani mengatasi tantangan, kesadaran bahwa sukses dan gagal dalam bisnis sebagai sekolah kehidupan, kreatif, serta inovatif. Inovasi bisnis para wirausahawan hanya mungkin bila ia berani menyerang "berhala", kenyamanan, dan segala hal yang mapan. Laksana seorang filsuf zaman ini wirausahawan adalah orang yang menyibak tabir dan melecut pertumbuhan ekonomi. Maka sumbangan pemikiran Nietzsche tentang űbermensch tidak hanya perlu melainkan juga penting dan relevan untuk memahami kewirausahaan. Sejalan dengan pemikiran Nietzsche, bisnis dan wirausaha bukan hanya berurusan dengan persoalan ekonomi melainkan harus dilihat sebagai bagian dari perjuangan hidup; ladang ‘peperangan’ yang harus dimenangkan. Űbermensch adalah pahlawan yang memenangkan perjuangan menjadi diri manusia sendiri. Bisnis harus dilihat sebagai cara manusia ‘mengada’.

The Accepted Outsider: A New Interpretation of The Folktale of Momotaro

Momotaro is one of the most widely heard folktales in Japanese society, even becoming a compulsory material taught in all elementary schools in Japan. Folktale is something that reflects the structure of thinking of society. Therefore, the folktale of Momotaro was examined to reveal the thinking structure covered in the story. The thought is the view of Japanese society towards people outside their community. This view in Japanese culture is very important. Surprisingly, until now there has been no researcher who relates this folktale to this view. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to fill this void, by presenting a new interpretation different from the previous studies. This research is cultural research, not literary research. Almost all cultural research on Momotaro cannot be separated from the use of a historical approach. What distinguishes it from previous research is the use of a non-historical approach. This study used Levi-Strauss’ structural approach. This approach is to look at the forms of structure or 'logic' used in the folktale of Momotaro, more specifically the logic about the meaning of outsiders for Japanese society.

Analysis on International Student Research across the World during the Covid-19 pandemic

Contrary to the situation before the Covid-19 pandemic, the pandemic has influenced human’s well-being in unprecedented ways, especially on international student’s mental health across the world. The purpose of this study is to explore international student’s research trend in terms of mental health and counseling. To this end, with literary research method, this study reviewed those researches conducted in Korea and across the world, before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Finally, this study suggested the future research direction and agendas of international student after the Covid-19 pandemic. This study will contribute to calling attention to international students across the world, and making mental health support for them in Korea. Keywords: International student; Covid-19 pandemic; mental health; counseling

“THE PERIPHERY – THE PLACE THAT REVEALS THE FUTURE” (BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE WEST – BOUNDARIES AND IDENTITIES)

The study was inspired by several key ideas essential to the contemporary literary situation – times of testing literary studies, when outside the debate on the sustainability and content of the established forms of literary research, the constant subordination of culture in its entirety to the market laws is associated with the perpetual encroachment on the humanities and with the implicitly declining importance of literature as a cultural phenomenon. We share the idea that the cultures that stay isolated wither away, the cultures that remain confined within themselves deform, and only those cultures that maintain the balance of borrowing and lending tend to be healthy and thriving; hence the insistence on the interaction between the different cultures on the basis of equality and mutual respect. The discussed literary works pose the questions whether multiculturalism is a positive element of modern cosmopolitanism, whether it unites races and cultures in the idea of the hybrid man or it s simply a social propaganda that reinforces the stereotypes about otherness and perpetuates racism, etc. Probably what also unites the characters here is the feeling of loss, as well as the shared grief. Addressing the personal heartache, they talk about things that are universal and continue to move people. The common thing to the two types of culture and the studied works is derived from Homi Bhabha’s idea that both the stories created in the Balkans and the narratives of the cross-cultural writers are part of that model of cultures capable of turning their own marginality into a kind of center.

Analisis Problematika Guru dalam Pembelajaran Daring pada Pembelajaran Tematik di SD/MI

This study aims to explain the problems of online learning for teachers in improving thematic learning in SD/MI during online learning. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method. Based on the object of study, this research is a literary research or library research. Library research is a research conducted by collecting data, information, and various other data contained in the library. Sources of data used in this study are books, journals, articles, and other scientific works that are relevant to the object of study in this study. The results of the study show that the problems of online learning have an impact on teachers and explain online learning in thematic learning and its problems.

TECHNOLOGICAL UTOPIA AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: REPRESENTATION IN THE LITERATURE OF THE EARLY 21st CENTURY (BASED ON THE LIBRETTO OF THE ELECTRONIC OPERA “2032: THE LEGEND OF THE UNFULFILLED FUTURE” BY V. ARGONOV)

Problem statement. Scientific and technological progress associated with the ubiquitous spread of automation and development of the Internet entailed a transformation in the methods of production and perception of information, which outlined new ethical problems associated with technology and artificial intelligence, represented in fiction.Thus, the purpose of this article lies in identifying the elements of the phenomenon of techno-utopia in literature (based on the libretto of the electronic opera by V. Argonov “2032: The Legend of the Unfulfilled Future”), in determining the place of artificial intelligence in it, as well as in consider-ing options for resolving ethical issues related to this issue.Methodology (materials and methods). The paper demonstrates both traditional literary research methods (literary hermeneutics, analysis of mythopoetics) and philosophical methods (the author relies on the philosophy of technology, the philosophy of transhumanism).Research results. The results of the study are the identification of the genetic connection between techno-utopia and the Soviet utopian project, based, among other things, on Gnosticism, as well as identification of the central place of artificial intelligence in the artistic world of the emerging tech-nological utopia.Conclusions. Reading the text at the profane and religious-mystical levels provides a key to un-derstanding one of the vectors of development of socialist realist literature as utopian. It reveals how Soviet mythology is being transformed, for example, the myth of a large Stalinist family, the image of a leader on the basis of post-Soviet culture.As a result of the interdisciplinary complex analysis of the text, it can be concluded that there is a contradiction between the ideology of the new techno-utopia and the postulates of socialist realism.