The Economic and Environmental Impact of Greenhouse Heating Pipe Insulation

This study aimed to determine the effect of optimum pipe insulation thickness on energy savings and air pollution under greenhouse conditions. In this regard, an optimization model based on a Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis was carried out using the P1–P2 method. Three fuel types, coal, natural gas, and fuel oil, were tested with nominal pipe sizes ranging from 25 to 65 mm, and hot water was used in the system. Our findings showed that the highest insulation thickness (0.807 m), the greatest energy savings ($62.351/m), and the lowest payback period (0.502 years) were achieved with a 65 mm pipe size for fuel oil. Overall, the insulation minimizes heat loss through the heating pipelines, resulting in economic and environmental benefits. Fuel oil was determined as the best option for savings in this study. Hence, for fuel oil utilization, the emissions of CO2 varied from 2.762 to 3.798 kg/m and SO2 from 0.014 to 0.020 kg/m for pipe thicknesses ranging from 25 and 65 mm, respectively.

Analisis Intensitas Konsumsi Energi Listrik dan Peluang Penghematan Energi Listrik pada Gedung C Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Semarang

Penggunaan AC standar dan lampu TL neon cenderung lebih boros. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, gedung C menggunakan AC standar dengan kapasitas tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan ruangan dan menggunakan lampu TL neon dengan intensitas penerangan yang minim sehingga perlu dilakukan konservasi energi untuk memperoleh peluang penghematan energi listrik dengan tetap memperhatikan aspek ramah lingkungan serta kenyamanan penghuni. Analisis penghematan energi listrik dilakukan melalui audit energi dengan menghitung Intensitas Konsumsi Energi (IKE). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh peluang penghematan energi listrik melalui konservasi energi. Perhitungan nilai IKE tahun 2019 dan 2020 pada gedung C dalam kategori efisien. Peluang penghematan energi dilakukan dengan mengganti AC standar menjadi AC low watt maupun AC inverter diperoleh penghematan sebesar 28% dan 30,6% dengan payback period selama 2,9 tahun dan 3,8 tahun. Mematikan AC 15 menit dan 30 menit sebelum jam kerja berakhir diperoleh penghematan sebesar 2,8% dan 5,7% pada AC standar, 2,9% dan 5,8% pada AC low watt dan AC inverter. Peluang penghematan energi dengan mengganti lampu TL neon menjadi lampu LED diperoleh penghematan sebesar 16,28% dengan payback period selama 4,4 tahun serta intensitas penerangan sudah memenuhi SNI dengan intensitas penerangan 358-421 lux pada ruang kerja dan 315-361 lux pada ruang rapat.

Crowdfunding for Infrastructure Project Financing

Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in national development. However, financing infrastructure projects becomes a major hurdle as it is often considered unbankable, high risk, and requires a long payback period. The use of crowdfunding as an alternative source for infrastructure project financing is flourishing, especially in European and American countries. In contrast, the utilization of crowdfunding for such purposes in Asian countries is very limited. Hence, this study reviews four crowdfunding platforms in Europe and America that have successfully raised capital for infrastructure projects which are Oneplanetcrowd, Convergence Finance, Citizenergy, and Infrashares. Learning from best practices of those platforms, policies, and regulations, the study proposes four crowdfunding business models to be implemented in Asian countries including (1) blended finance, (2) cross-border citizen funding, (3) commercial infrastructure financing, and (4) within country crowdfunding.

ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF BASALT-BASED BRAKE PAD IN NIGERIA

The economic analysis reveals the basic information on the expenditure and profit to an investor who is willing to invest on the production of basalt-based brake pad in Nigeria, Nigeria has huge demand of brake as revealed by data obtained from National Bureau of Statistics Abuja (NBS). The analysis was based on deductive economic analysis which assumptions were made and arrived at particular result and the costing was based on Activity-Based Costing (ABC) where overhead and indirect cost were assigned to the related product. The economic analysis will give an insight to an investor (s) who has been skeptic about investing in the manufacturing of brake pad in Nigeria. The analysis revealed that the total capital require for this investment is #54,520,184.00 to set up a manufacturing plant with a capacity of 12,960 pieces of brake pad per day with a depreciation period of ten years. It also showed that if the line will run at 75% efficiency, the annual production is 2,566,080 pieces of brake pads. The unit cost of production is #520.85, unit selling price is #572.935, interest before tax of #6,797,983.869, break-even quantity of 861,019pieces, payback period of eight months. The annual total cost of production is #1,373,924,104.00, annual total sales revenue of #1,470,309,952.00.Twenty-seven people are require for manning the plant.It is clear from above information the investment is worthwhile because of the good payback period and considering the huge demand in Nigeria.

Kajian Bisnis Plan PT CAP Tentang Hunian Rumah Di Kelurahan Semanan Jakarta Barat Tahun 2020-2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian operasional (OR) prediktif studi, dimaksudkan untuk membuat perhitungan tentang kelayakan rencana bisnis dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, untuk mengkaji rencana bisnis yang dibuat oleh PT CAP dalam melakukan ekspansi bisnis di bidang propresi di wilayah Jakarta Barat.Dari hasil penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan, didapatkan payback period didapatkan alternatif normal normal 36 bulan, alternatif optimis 24 bulan. Hasil ini jauh lebih kecil dari ketentuan manajemen 4 tahun, sehingga proyek ini layak untuk diterima. Analisis Net Present Value, dari hasil perhitungan NPV cash flow masih jauh lebih besar dari NPV cash outflow, artinya dari penilaian NPV proyek ini dinilai sangat layak untuk dilaksanakan. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) proyek ini layak karena jika mencari IRR, alternatif normal dan optimis lebih besar daripada biaya modal rata-rata tertimbang (WACC). Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan penulis sehubungan dengan proyek kawasan perumahan Citra Garden Puri Semanan di Semanan, Jakarta Barat, secara umum investasi tersebut dinilai layak dan menguntungkan tidak hanya bagi pengembang tetapi juga bagi konsumen yang membeli rumah di proyek tersebut. . Memperhatikan apa yang telah dianalisis dan dibahas, maka saran penulis adalah mengecek kembali arus kas dengan mempertimbangkan mencari alternatif pendanaan dengan pinjaman yang meningkat sehingga biaya modalnya kecil. Kata Kunci : Payback Period, NPV, IRR

Profil Usaha Pemindangan Ikan pada Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Kota Magelang

Kota Magelang memiliki potensi sektor perikanan dengan produksi kegiatan pengolahan ikan yang cukup tinggi. Pengembangan sektor pengolahan ikan di Kota Magelang didukung dengan keberadaan Sentra Pengolahan Ikan, dengan produk utama berupa olahan pindang duri lunak. Unit pengolahan ikan (UPI) pemindangan di Sentra Pengolahan Ikan memiliki produksi terbesar di Kota Magelang, dengan pengolah di UPI tersebut merupakan anggota kelompok pengolah ikan yang ada. Produksi Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Kota Magelang pada tahun 2020 sebesar 249.830 kg, dengan daerah pemasaran di Kota Magelang dan daerah sekitarnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui proses pemindangan ikan, menganalisis kelayakan usaha pemindangan ikan serta penerapan mutu pada kegiatan pemindangan ikan di Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Kota Magelang. Metode penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif, dengan perhitungan kelayakan usaha menggunakan pendekatan Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dan Payback Period (PP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha pemindangan ikan di Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Kota Magelang merupakan usaha skala kecil dan pengolahan ikan dilakukan secara tradisional, perlu peningkatan penerapan mutu pada proses pengolahan ikan yang dilakukan. Usaha pemindangan ikan layak (feasible) untuk dilanjutkan dan dikembangkan secara ekonomis, dengan nilai NPV 10 % Rp 356.293.000, B/C Ratio 1,11, IRR 56 % dan PP 1,14 tahun.

Feasibility Study of the Technical and Economic Performance of Grid-Connected PV System for Selected Rooftops in UTHM

This paper presents the feasibility study of the technical and economic performances of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system for selected rooftops in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The analysis of the electricity consumption and electricity bill data of UTHM campus show that the monthly electricity usage in UTHM campus is very high and expensive. The main purpose of this project is to reduce the annual electricity consumption and electricity bill of UTHM with Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. Therefore, the grid-connected PV system has been proposed at Dewan Sultan Ibrahim (DSI), Tunku Tun Aminah Library (TTAL), Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Bina (FKAAS) and F2 buildings UTHM by using three types of PV modules which are mono-crystalline silicon (Mono-Si), poly-crystalline silicon (Poly-Si) and Thin-film. These three PV modules were modeled, simulated and calculated using Helioscope software with the capacity of 2,166.40kWp, 2,046.20kWp and 1,845kWp respectively for the total rooftop area of 190,302.9 ft². The economic analysis was conducted on the chosen three installed PV modules using RETScreen software. As a result, the Mono-Si showed the best PV module that can produce 2,332,327.40 kWh of PV energy, 4.4% of CO₂ reduction, 9.3 years of payback period considering 21 years of the contractual period and profit of RM4,932,274.58 for 11.7 years after payback period. Moreover, the proposed installation of 2,166.40kWp (Mono-SI PV module) can reduce the annual electricity bill and CO2 emission of 3.6% (RM421,561.93) and 4.4% (1,851.40 tCO₂) compared to the system without PV system.

KELAYAKAN PENGEMBANGAN JAGUNG PIPILAN UNTUK MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN INDUSTRI PAKAN TERNAK DI PROVINSI BANTEN

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Propinsi Banten. Banten adalah salah satu propinsi yang memiliki agroekosistem yang cocok untuk usahatani jagung. Ketersediaan sumberdaya lahan, kebijakan pemerintah yang mendukung, serta meningkatnya permintaan jagung terutama untuk bahan baku pakan ternak merupakan alasan utama bahwa pengembangan komoditi jagung sangat diperlukan. Langkah strategis kearah pengembangan usaha sangat penting dan dapat meyakinkan petani untuk mengambil langkah strategis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengkaji nilai investasi yang dibutuhkan dalam usahatani jagung, (2) Mengetahui tahapan kelayakan usaha yang perlu dilakukan untuk menyelenggarakan usahatani jagung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dengan lokasi ditentukan secara sengaja yaitu di Provinsi Banten .Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. Dari total populasi sebanyak 1.388 orang, terambil sampel sebanyak 120 orang petani jagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa(1) jumlah investasi yang diperlukan untuk kelayakan budidaya jagung sebesar Rp.19.654.890,- (2) Tahapan secara teknik kelayakan usaha yang dilakukan adalah a. analisis Payback Period, dengan hasil sebesar 17,9, b.Analisis IRR sebesar 115,65, c. Analisis NPV dengan hasil sebesar 1.713.365.673.996 serta d.Analisis Profitabilitas Indek ( PI ) diperoleh hasil sebesar 217,1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut bahwa bisnis jagung pipilan di Provinsi Banten layak untuk dikembangkan

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI DANA HAJI UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN PROYEK INFRASTRUKTUR JALAN TOL JAKARTA - CIKAMPEK II ELEVATED

Increasing the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially Muslims, encourages religious activities that require financial readiness, namely the Hajj. The high enthusiasm of Indonesian Muslims to register is not balanced with the quota of prospective pilgrims who depart each year, making the waiting list for the pilgrimage longer. The number of recipients of prospective pilgrims continues to grow from year to year. Registrants who want to perform the Hajj until June 2018 are 3,797,376 while the annual Indonesian Hajj quota is around 210,000 people. This creates an accumulation of initial deposit funds, in March 2018 total of hajj fund Rp. 105,191,372,936,614 were collected. This study aims to assess whether the Hajj funds are worth investing in toll road infrastructure projects. Starting from identifying problems to calculating investment feasibility to cooperation agreements Management of Hajj funds with Islamic banks under musyarakah mutanaqishah agreement to investing in toll road infrastructure projects. The capital budgeting method is used to calculate the feasibility of investment, NPV value of Rp. 54,805,724,000,000, then IRR value is 62%, BCR is 3.61, and payback period is 12 years. The conclusion is Hajj fund is worth to investing in the toll road infrastructure project Jakarta - Cikampek II Elevated.

Features of the methodology for assessing budget efficiency investment pro-jects

The analysis of current regulations shows that only a few indicators (budgetary effect) are used to assess the budget efficiency of investment projects in Ukraine, and the decision on financing is not made from it. As a result, it is necessary to raise the issue of introducing an additional system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects, which characterize the return on investment of budget funds. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop proposals for improving the methodology for assessing the budget effectiveness of investment projects. The main indicator for assessing the effectiveness of projects that provide state or regional financial support is the budgetary effect. Budget effect is the main indicator of budget efficiency used to justify the decision to finance the project, which is often defined as the difference between inflows and outflows of budget funds, taking into account discounting. The paper proposes to introduce additional indicators to assess the budget efficiency of the investment project, in addition to the payback period of state support. Absolute budget effect. which will be calculated in the form of two indicators: taking into account and without taking into account loans to banks under government guarantees. This calculation is justified, as the budget effect may be understated by including bank loans in the definition of this indicator, while the state budget may not incur costs under its guarantee obligations. Absolute budgetary effect, which characterizes the total amount of funds that the country's budget will receive as a result of the project. Relative budget effect, which characterizes the ratio of budget investments to the investment project and additional revenues to the budget. Budget profitability – shows how many monetary units the project implementation brings per unit of budget funds spent. Due to the fact that this indicator is based on the indicator of the absolute budgetary effect, the calculation of this indicator will be calculated taking into account and without taking into account bank loans issued under government guarantees. The authors have developed some modifications to the calculations for assessing the budget efficiency of investment projects, as well as the calculation of indicators of budget efficiency of projects that characterize the return on investment: absolute budget effect, relative budget effect (indirect and direct), budget profitability.