Why are we doing this? Teacher and student perspectives on literary reading

Purpose This paper aims to examine the extent to which students’ experiences and perceptions of their literature classroom align with their teacher’s instructional goals for literary inquiry and what teachers can learn from gaining access to students’ perspectives on their classroom experiences. Design/methodology/approach Thematic analyses were used to examine the data sources: mid-year and end-of-year interviews with six students, audio recordings of the teacher’s rationale for her instructional designs and a reflective discussion with the teacher upon reading the student interviews three years later. Findings Much of what the teacher intended students to get out of her instruction was what they expressed learning and experiencing in the class, yet some understood the purpose of the class to be far from her intentions. All the interviewed students had deeply personal and varied ways of relating what they learned in class to the world and their own lives. The teacher’s reflection on the interviews highlighted the importance of making space for multiple meanings and perspectives on literary works. Originality/value This paper speaks to the importance of surfacing students’ individual and varied ways of making sense of literary texts as part of instruction that values students’ thinking as well as the epistemic commitments of literary reading.

On the Shift of Parts of Speech in Prepositional Meaning in English-Vietnamese Translation

Exploring the shift in meanings of translating prepositions from English to Vietnamese, the study, besides analyzing the cases of the changes in meanings of prepositions, aims to discuss a general variety of meanings of English prepositions. The methods of analysis and synthesis of theories from the available data on prepositions as well as the methods of classifying and systematizing prepositions were applied to English-Vietnamese translation. From the collected data, this study has revealed 6 cases of the shift in meanings of prepositions and the characteristics of multiple meanings of prepositions. In the course of translation, contextual meanings are used in order to convey the meanings appropriately in the Vietnamese style. The research paper can make some contribution to the teaching of translation and make it a reference material for English learners.

Compensating a Legal Person for Moral Damage in Jordanian Law

The issue of compensating the legal person for the moral damage it causes to it has raised a great argument of controversy in Jordan, especially in light of the refusal to recognize the rights attached to the natural person of the legal person. This research came to identify the legal nature of the legal personality and the moral damage and the position of the Jordanian law on it, and to determine the feasibility, adequacy and appropriateness of the legal texts contained in the Jordanian civil law in knowing the extent to which the legal person may be compensated for moral damage. Using the opinions of jurists and judicial and explanatory decisions, the researcher has found that moral damage has multiple forms, a research that arises from the act and assault carried out by the aggressor. As a result, it is not appropriate to limit moral damage to rigid legal texts based on what is stated in the legislation and decisions of the esteemed Court of Cassation, as the researcher recommends. The Jordanian legislator should include general provisions clarifying the civil liability of the legal person, and the researcher recommends a separate chapter in the civil law to talk about the moral damage and its multiple meanings and aspects and how to rule for compensation and claim it.

How Open Is the Maker Movement? Integrative Literature Review of the Openness Practices in the Global Maker Movement

This article explores the multiple meanings of the concept of openness in the global maker movement. Openness is viewed as one of the key principles of the maker movement. As the global maker movement is a bricolage of diverse and situated practices and traditions, there are also many different interpretations and ways of practicing openness. We have explored this diversity with an integrative literature review, relying on the Web of Science™ database. We identified three interrelated but also, in part, mutually contested approaches to openness. Firstly, openness often refers to applying open hardware. Secondly, it is in many cases related to the inclusion and empowerment of various groups in making. Thirdly, openness appears to be seen as a means to pursue economic growth through increasing innovation activity and entrepreneurship. Our results also highlight the substantial barriers encountered by makers while aiming to open up their practices. These barriers include: value conflicts in which openness is overridden by other important values; exclusion of lower income groups from making due to a lack of resources; and difficulties in maintaining long-term activities. The different meanings of openness together with the barriers create tensions within the maker movement while implementing openness. We propose that engaging in a reflexive futures dialogue on the consequences of these tensions can enhance the maker movement to become more open, inclusive and resilient.

DEFINITION MODIFICATIONS FOR TEMPORAL LIGHT MODULATION (“FLICKER”)

Terminology and concepts for temporal light modulation (TLM), commonly known as “flicker,” are defined and used inconsistently, even among researchers. A literature review by the authors has identified multiple meanings for multiple terms, so it is critical that a reader be able to translate from a single article’s definitions to a more universal set. A simple example is that “flicker” is used interchangeably as the stimulus as well as the response to the stimulus, as well as the direct visual response for a specific range of modulation frequencies. This paper endeavours to clarify communication among stakeholders so that effective metrics can be developed to limit unwanted physiological, psychological, behavioural, and cognitive responses to TLM. Changes to the CIE International Lighting Vocabulary are recommended.

Indonesian street children's negotiation of play

Street children are often constructed as fragile individuals who lose their innocent childhood since they have to work and do not have the opportunity to play like most of their peers. Using Bourdieu's concept of field, capital and habitus, this article seeks to go beyond the existing notion of play by exploring how street children in Bandung, Indonesia, understand and negotiate play with working as part of their everyday lives. The authors took an ethnographic approach to collect data from 14 street children and their guardians, mainly through observation and ongoing conversation. The findings suggest that the children are able not only to navigate the meaning of play, but also to negotiate their social position with adults on the street. This article serves as an invitation for educators and policymakers to develop educational programmes that are sensitive to multiple meanings of play, children and childhood.

The Colonial Reinvention of the Hei Tiki: Pounamu, Knowledge and Empire, 1860s-1940s

<p>This thesis examines the reinvention of pounamu hei tiki between the 1860s and 1940s. It asks how colonial culture was shaped by engagement with pounamu and its analogous forms greenstone, nephrite, bowenite and jade. The study begins with the exploitation of Ngāi Tahu’s pounamu resource during the West Coast gold rush and concludes with post-World War II measures to prohibit greenstone exports. It establishes that industrially mass-produced pounamu hei tiki were available in New Zealand by 1901 and in Britain by 1903. It sheds new light on the little-known German influence on the commercial greenstone industry. The research demonstrates how Māori leaders maintained a degree of authority in the new Pākehā-dominated industry through patron-client relationships where they exercised creative control. The history also tells a deeper story of the making of colonial culture. The transformation of the greenstone industry created a cultural legacy greater than just the tangible objects of trade. Intangible meanings are also part of the heritage. The acts of making, selling, wearing, admiring, gifting, describing and imagining pieces of greenstone pounamu were expressions of culture in practice. Everyday objects can tell some of these stories and provide accounts of relationships and ways of knowing the world. The pounamu hei tiki speaks to this history because more than merely stone, it is a cultural object and idea. In this study, it stands for the dynamic processes of change, the colonial realities of Māori resistance and participation and Pākehā experiences of dislocation and attachment. The research sits at an intersection of new imperial histories and studies of material culture. The power of pounamu to carry multiple meanings and to be continually reinterpreted represents the circulation of colonial knowledge, and is a central contention of the thesis.</p>

Students’ Vocabulary Errors in Constructing Descriptive Text

This research is aimed to investigate an analysis on students’ vocabulary errors in constructing descriptive text at the First Grade Students of SMK IT Al-Halim. The research is conducted through content analysis. Data of the research are taken from documentation of description text and interview with the students of SMK IT Al-Halim. Result of the research shows that there were vocabulary error in constructing descriptive text; there were lexical error, syntactical error, and discourse error. The dominant of errors is in lexical error especially in spelling errors. Vocabulary error is caused they are lacks of awareness of students in increasing mastery of the vocabulary; English words have multiple meanings and confusion, so it makes them difficult in learning English. They are also bored and lazy to look for vocabulary. In other hand, the method used by the teacher does not appropriate in learning process. Therefore, the students should enrich vocabulary by memorize ten or more of vocabulary in one day. The students also should more often open dictionary. Furthermore, and the teacher should motivate the students in learning English. Then, the teachers should give clearly, explanation and clarification when teach English especially in vocabulary for students

The Colonial Reinvention of the Hei Tiki: Pounamu, Knowledge and Empire, 1860s-1940s

<p>This thesis examines the reinvention of pounamu hei tiki between the 1860s and 1940s. It asks how colonial culture was shaped by engagement with pounamu and its analogous forms greenstone, nephrite, bowenite and jade. The study begins with the exploitation of Ngāi Tahu’s pounamu resource during the West Coast gold rush and concludes with post-World War II measures to prohibit greenstone exports. It establishes that industrially mass-produced pounamu hei tiki were available in New Zealand by 1901 and in Britain by 1903. It sheds new light on the little-known German influence on the commercial greenstone industry. The research demonstrates how Māori leaders maintained a degree of authority in the new Pākehā-dominated industry through patron-client relationships where they exercised creative control. The history also tells a deeper story of the making of colonial culture. The transformation of the greenstone industry created a cultural legacy greater than just the tangible objects of trade. Intangible meanings are also part of the heritage. The acts of making, selling, wearing, admiring, gifting, describing and imagining pieces of greenstone pounamu were expressions of culture in practice. Everyday objects can tell some of these stories and provide accounts of relationships and ways of knowing the world. The pounamu hei tiki speaks to this history because more than merely stone, it is a cultural object and idea. In this study, it stands for the dynamic processes of change, the colonial realities of Māori resistance and participation and Pākehā experiences of dislocation and attachment. The research sits at an intersection of new imperial histories and studies of material culture. The power of pounamu to carry multiple meanings and to be continually reinterpreted represents the circulation of colonial knowledge, and is a central contention of the thesis.</p>