Marital Conflict and Destructive Resolution Tactics: The Case of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

This study was conducted to examine the major causes of marital conflicts among couples in their day-to-day marital disagreements, the proportion of destructive conflict resolution tactics, the level of destructive conflict tactics, and the differences of destructive conflict tactics within couples. A total of 188 married women who live in Bahir Dar city were participated in the study. Causes of Marital Conflict Questionnaire and Conflict Tactics Scale were used to collect quantitative data. In addition, interview was conducted with eight participants to substantiate the quantitative findings. The result revealed that household responsibility, follow-up of child education, child caring, disparity in parenting, misunderstanding, lack of interest to generate income, carelessness, insufficient income for the family, extravagance, and lack of intimacy are found to be the major causes for marital conflict. It was also found that 60 percent of these participants employed destructive reasoning and 5 percent of them employed each verbal aggression and physical aggression frequently while resolving their marital dispute. The repeated-measures t-test results also showed that these participants practiced more destructive reasoning than verbal aggression and physical aggression, and more verbal aggression than physical aggression. Therefore, it was concluded that by practicing frequent destructive reasoning tactics, majority of the families of these participants seem placing themselves at risk of applying more hostile conflict tactic and obstructing their happiness.

The Interplay of Perceptions and Conflict Behaviors during Disagreements: A Daily Study of Physical Teen Dating Violence Perpetration

Physical dating violence (DV) is a widespread problem among adolescents. A growing body of literature demonstrates that physical DV often occurs during disagreements when partners use destructive conflict management strategies, such as conflict engagement (e.g., losing control, criticizing) or withdrawal (e.g., acting cold, being distant). However, little is known regarding how the individual daily variability on the use of destructive conflict management strategies can influence the probability of perpetrating day-to-day physical DV, especially if the other partner is also perceived as using destructive behaviors. Using an intensive longitudinal approach, the current study first aimed to examine the daily associations between the use of various conflict management strategies and physical DV perpetration in adolescent dating relationships. A second objective was to investigate if perceived partner’s conflict behaviors moderated the relation between self-reported conflict management strategies and day-to-day physical DV perpetration. A sample of 216 adolescents ( Mage = 17.03, SD = 1.49) involved in a dating relationship, completed a baseline assessment followed by 14 daily diaries. Results of multilevel logistic analyses revealed that using conflict engagement strategies significantly increased the probability of day-to-day physical DV perpetration. Furthermore, the probability of perpetrating physical DV was significantly higher on days in which teens reported using high levels of conflict engagement while also perceiving their partner as using high levels of conflict engagement or withdrawal. These findings yield new insights on the daily context in which disagreements might escalate into aggression. Evidence from this study further supports the conflict escalation pattern and the demand/withdraw communication pattern in the context of adolescent dating relationships. Preventive initiatives should address the interplay of perceptions and conflict behaviors concerning physical DV perpetration.

Adapted Self-Affirmation and Conflict Management in Romantic Relationships

Conflict can threaten our romantic relationships if managed ineffectively. Because destructive conflict responses are often fueled by self-protection motives, we theorized that protecting the self via self-affirmation could foster more constructive conflict responses. But how might people spontaneously use self-affirmation to improve their conflict practices? In a longitudinal intervention study (N=242) with romantic couples, we tested whether instructing partners to place themselves in the frame of mind that self-affirmation theoretically fosters—a big-picture focus that cultivates an expansive view of the self and reflection on one’s important values—could help people manage their conflicts more effectively. Compared to a control condition, couples who were instructed to take this “big-picture” focus reported more constructive conflict responses (e.g., empathy; responsiveness) and greater relationship functioning (e.g., higher relationship quality; lower avoidance) both immediately and one year after the intervention. This study thus offers a strategy people can use at will to improve their relationships.

Liberals Versus Communitarians: Psychosocial Sources of the Conflict Over Democracy in Today’s Poland

This article refers to the concept of collective mentality, which consists of the mental patterns most typical of a given community. The authors show some psychosocial reasons why Poland’s political system may shift from liberal to illiberal forms of democracy in recent years. This process is accompanied by an increasing sociopolitical polarization of the society, gradually becoming an expanded and destructive conflict. Previous research has shown that the Polish sociopolitical polarization’s primary psychosocial reason could be the collision of two competing value systems—purely individualistic and purely collectivist. In this article, the authors argue that both mental patterns determine two different political community visions—liberal and communitarian. In-depth empirical analyses show anti-egalitarian characteristics of the liberal orientation and traditional-conservative characteristics of the communitarian one. Furthermore, the authors show that both orientations’ followers quite differently define the proportions between individual autonomy and social identity and cohesion. These differences are particularly evident in their attitudes toward democracy and patterns of involvement in public life. Finally, the article provides empirical evidence that the division into supporters of the liberal and communitarian political community directly appears in the Polish electorate’s political preferences.

Interparental Conflict, Emotional Insecurity, and Parent–Adolescent Communication

Destructive conflict within the marital relationship has been shown to negatively impact the family system. Exposure to destructive interparental conflict may be particularly detrimental to adolescent development. Destructive interparental conflict is associated with decreased quality of parent–adolescent communication. One potential explanatory mechanism for this relationship is adolescents’ emotional insecurity in the interparental relationship. Exposure to destructive interparental conflict may decrease adolescents’ sense of emotional security. Therefore, this study examined whether emotional insecurity security mediated the relationship between destructive interparental conflict and parent–adolescent communication, based on a longitudinal study on family communication ( N = 225). Path analysis revealed that the relationship between destructive interparental conflict and father–adolescent communication, as well as mother–adolescent communication, was mediated by emotional insecurity. The results provide insight into the consequences that destructive interparental conflict may have for aspects of the parent–adolescent relationship, as well as practical implications for the development of future intervention programs.

Intervenção antrópica desordenada e dinâmica costeira: um conflito autodestrutivo na praia de Morro Branco

O potencial paisagístico do litoral cearense proporciona uma série de belezas naturais que incentivam o turismo em vários municípios, dentre eles, em Beberibe, encontra-se o seu Monumento Natural das Falésias de Morro Branco, que atraem pessoas do mundo todo para essa praia. Visto essa importância, o objetivo deste trabalho torna-se analisar as formas de uso e ocupação, além de apontar os conflitos entre a dinâmica natural e humana existentes nesta praia tão privilegiada por seu potencial paisagístico. No ponto de vista metodológico, através de estudos de hemeroteca, análises da dinâmica de ondas e de voos de drone, este escrito evidencia os danos que existem entre as intervenções antrópicas e a dinâmica natural da praia de Morro Branco. Os resultados constataram conflitos diversos, que corroboram com as hipóteses do trabalho, que apontam para uma gestão costeira ineficaz, dentre eles: as barracas de praia de fato estão em um espaço irregular, exposta a riscos constantes pelos eventos oceanográficos; a Unidade de Conservação das falésias, criada em 2004, sofre invasões por casas de veraneio; e o potencial paisagístico da praia, que sustenta o turismo, a principal economia local, pode estar comprometido pelas intervenções urbanas. Resguardado na legislação ambiental, o trabalho conclui que há a necessidade de repensar as intervenções antrópicas da Praia de Morro Branco, para garantir não só a dinâmica ambiental, como também o turismo costeiro que é primordial para população local. Disorderly anthropic intervention and coastal dynamics: a self-destructive conflict on the beach of Morro Branco A B S T R A C TThe landscape potential of the Ceará coast provides a series of native beauties that encourage tourism in several counties, among them, in Beberibe, it’s found the Natural Monument of the Cliffs of Morro Branco that attract people from all over the world. Seen this importance, the objective of this work is to analyze the forms of use and occupation, in addition to pointing out the conflicts between the natural and human dynamics that exists on this beach so privileged by its landscape potential. From a methodological point of view, through studies from a newspapers library, analyzes of the dynamics of waves and drone flights, this paper highlights the damage that exists between anthropic interventions and the natural dynamics of Praia de Morro Branco. The results showed several conflicts, which confirms the hypotheses of this work, that points out to an ineffective coastal management, among them: the beach huts are in fact in an irregular space, exposed to constant risks due to oceanographic events; the Conservation Unit of the Cliffs, created in 2004, suffers from summer houses invasion; and the landscape potential of the beach, which sustains tourism, the main local economy, may be compromised by urban interventions. Protected by the environmental legislation, the work concludes that there is a need to rethink the anthropic interventions on Praia de Morro Branco, to guarantee not only the environmental dynamics, but also coastal tourism, which is essential for the local populace. Keywords: Morro Branco, Cliffs, Coastal Landmarks and Environmental Dynamics.

Constructive Versus Destructive Conflict: Taking Stock of the Recent Constitutional Jurisprudence in the EU

This article argues that constitutional pluralism is not a theory merely for times of equanimity, but crucially, in times of constitutional conflict. Given that it rests on the premise of regarding law as a dynamic, incrementally developing creature, constitutional conflict is no exceptional event, and represents an important element of the system's functioning. However, this does not mean that every point of conflict necessarily means progress for the pluralist system as a whole: it is possible to distinguish constructive from destructive conflict. In this respect, this piece will put forward a normative argument concerning the limits to which the auto-correct function of constitutional pluralism can stretch. In so doing, this piece will look at the recent jurisprudence of constitutional conflict at the EU and national level to demonstrate the limits of constructive conflict, as well as show how the example of Poland falls into the category of destructive conflict.

Types of conflicts in a workgroup and the personnel movement

Human capital management in sustainable development conditions means, in everyday practice, taking care of the welfare of employees, understood, i.a., as a friendly atmosphere in a team, stable, and free from stress and conflicts. The author has analysed several cases of conflicts in employee teams connected with personnel movement in order to answer the following research questions: What are the characteristics of employee teams susceptible to the emergence or escalation of conflicts to levels destructive for the organisation, what types of interpersonal conflicts escalate in the analysed situations, which factors are a catalyst and which factors block conflict? Conclusions from the analysed cases allow the author to describe the main threats of destructive conflict and put forward recommendations for human capital management.