The Importance of Selected Coordination Motor Skills for an Individual Football Player’s Effectiveness in a Game

The appropriate level of coordination motor skills (CMS) in a football player is one of the factors determining the effectiveness of their actions. Adaptability and complex reaction time are of particular importance in models of coordination requirements in football. The lead aim of this study is to determine the relationship between two selected coordination motor skills and the offensive, defensive and comprehensive effectiveness of an individual player’s actions. The study was conducted on a group of 91 Polish male football players aged 20 to 31 years, all in the senior age category. The research tools included: a test assessing motor adaptation (research by dribbling the ball with the dominant leg), psychomotor test of complex reaction time (tested with an S-10.2 measuring device) and a test of the effectiveness of an individual player’s actions (one-on-one simulation game). The conducted research indicated that adaptability and complex reaction time are both important abilities for success when attacking in an individual game, and in the assessment of a comprehensive index of individual competences in a one-on-one football game. However, the most significant factor influencing the effectiveness of a player’s defensive action is solely the complex reaction time.

The Influence of Technical and Contextual Variables of the Last Stroke on Point Outcome in Men’s and Women’s Singles Badminton

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the technical and context-related variables of last strokes in rallies on the point outcomes of both men’s and women’s players in elite singles badminton matches. A total of 100 matches during the 2018 and 2019 seasons were analyzed, and the data of 4,080 men’s rallies and 4,339 women’s rallies were collected. The technical variables including strokes per rally, forehand strokes, overhead strokes, and defensive action, and the context-related variables including game status, result against serve, importance of rally, and importance of set, were modeled with Probit regression modeling as the predictor variables. The binary variables of “winner or not” and “error or not” were considered the response variables. The results showed that defensive actions had the greatest impacts on the winners and errors of both the men’s and women’s singles players, and the forehand and overhead strokes were negatively associated with the winners and errors of the women’s singles players and the winners of the men’s singles players. No significant effects were found for the strokes per rally on the winners and errors of the men’s singles players, while significant effects were found for the women’s singles players. The context-related variables appeared to have positive effects on the winners and negative effects on the errors of both sexes. These findings can provide important insights for coaches and players to evaluate their performances of last strokes in rallies and to improve training interventions and match tactics and strategies.

Temporal Dynamics of Deinstitutionalization – The Case of Asbestos in France

Through the controversial history of asbestos use in France, we study a long deinstitutionalization process marked by alternating phases of acceleration and deceleration. To understand these changes of pace, we reveal interactions over the long term between action profiles that differ in terms of the type of agency (strategic or pragmatic) and the resource mobilization process (leveraging, accumulation, or convening) involved. Analyzing a rich corpus of documentary data triangulated with interviews, we draw up a schema of the complex deinstitutionalization process concerning asbestos in France. We then set out four theoretical propositions about the temporal dynamics of deinstitutionalization: (1) defensive action essentially involves leveraging efforts that promote long phases and help to slow down the pace of deinstitutionalization; (2) disruptive action produces slow, incremental effects through marginal integration of changes into existing institutional schemas. The acceleration phase of deinstitutionalization is temporally bounded by the disruptive actors’ resources; (3) the acceleration and deceleration phases of deinstitutionalization hinge on the perception of urgency, which is a factor of instrumentalization for strategic actors; and (4) convening is a form of mobilization that significantly slows down the pace of deinstitutionalization.

Quinolone Signals Related to Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal-Quorum Sensing Inhibits the Predatory Activity of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is one of the predatory bacteria; therefore, it can act as a novel “living antibiotic,” unlike the current antibiotics. Here the predation of Escherichia coli by B. bacteriovorus was inhibited in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study investigated whether P. aeruginosa-induced predation inhibition is associated with bacterial quorum sensing (QS). Each las, rhl, or pqs QS mutant in P. aeruginosa was used to check the predatory activity of E. coli cells using B. bacteriovorus. As a result, the predatory activity of B. bacteriovorus increased in a mutant pqs QS system, whereas wild-type PA14 inhibited the predatory activity. Moreover, the addition of 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ) or the analog triggered the low predatory activity of B. bacteriovorus and killed B. bacteriovorus cells. Therefore, a defensive action of P. aeruginosa against B. bacteriovorus is activated by the pqs QS system, which produces some quinolone compounds such as HHQ.

Defensive Harm and Measured Aggression

Chapter 3 concerns how we might justify effectively dealing with those who pose dangerous threats supposing they do not deserve to be harmed. Wrongly posing a threat, by contrast with deserving harm for posing the threat, is proposed as the core condition for what I call robust liability to defensive killing, a liability that agent A has just in case A poses a threat to agent B as a result of which B and third parties are prima facie morally permitted to intentionally kill A to defend B from that threat. A non-retributive measured aggressive stance appropriately facilitates taking defensive action. Such an emotional stance, if it presupposes only that its target wrongly poses a threat, accords with skepticism about free will, and is also better for those called upon to confront injustice than the alternatives.

Metodología para el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva del despegue bajo el aro

Este trabajo investigativo tiene gran importancia desde el punto de vista social, por lo que se debe solucionar lo antes posible esta situación problémica, por lo que implica el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva de los músculos extensores de las piernas para rendimiento deportivo de los basquetbolistas, ya que el rebote bajo el aro puede ser una acción ofensiva o defensiva, que permite anotar un tanto o evitar que el contrario anote un tanto respectivamente. Es por ello, que el autor de esta investigación se propuso como objetivo diseñar una metodología para el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva a través de los ejercicios con pesas que contribuya al incremento del despegue del rebote bajo el aro en los basquetbolistas. Para dar cumplimiento a este objetivo se utilizarán los siguientes métodos de investigación: e inducción deducción, análisis-síntesis, análisis de fuentes documentales y el método del criterio de expertos. PALABRAS CLAVE: basquetbolistas; fuerza explosiva; rebote bajo el aro. Methodology for the development of the explosive force of the take-off under the hoop ABSTRACT This investigative work is of great importance from the social point of view, so this problem situation must be solved as soon as possible, which implies the development of the explosive force of the extensor muscles of the legs for the sports performance of basketball players. since the rebound under the rim can be an offensive or defensive action, which allows to score a goal or prevent the opponent from scoring a goal respectively. It is for this reason that the author of this research set out to design a methodology for the development of explosive force through exercises with weights that contributes to increasing the take-off of the rebound under the hoop in basketball players. To fulfill this objective, the following research methods will be used: and induction deduction, analysis-synthesis, analysis of documentary sources and the method of expert judgment. KEYWORDS: basketball players; explosive force; bounce under the rim.

Necessity and Proportionality and the Right of Self-Defence in International Law

States invariably justify using force extraterritorially by reference to their inherent right of self-defence. In so doing, they accept that the exercise of such right is conditioned by the customary international law requirements of necessity and proportionality. To date, these requirements have received little attention. They are notorious for being normatively indeterminate and operationally complex. As a breach of either requirement renders ostensibly defensive action unlawful, increased determinacy regarding their scope and content is crucial to how international law constrains military force. This book examines the conceptual meaning, substance and practical application of necessity and proportionality as they relate to the right of self-defence following the adoption of the UN Charter in 1945. It provides a coherent and up-to-date description of the applicable contemporary international law and proposes an analytical framework to guide its operation and appraisal. This book contends that necessity and proportionality are conceptually distinct and must be applied in the foregoing order to avoid an insufficient ‘catch-all’ description of (il)legality. Necessity determines whether defensive force may be used to respond to an armed attack and where it must be directed. Proportionality governs how much total force is permissible and prohibits excessive responses. Both requirements are shown to apply on an ongoing basis throughout the duration of an armed conflict prompted by self-defence. Compliance with necessity and proportionality ensures that the purposes of self-defence are met (and nothing more) and that defensive force is not unduly disruptive to third-party interests and to international peace and security.

Necessity and Proportionality and Armed Attacks by Non-State Actors

Chapter 4 builds on the analysis of the previous chapters by considering how necessity and proportionality are adapted to apply to defensive action against NSAs. With a particular focus on international terrorism, including the ongoing Global Coalition intervention in Syria against Daesh and other terrorist groups, the potential and limitations of necessity and proportionality are brought to the fore. In particular, this chapter examines the position of the ‘host state’ (being the state in whose territory military action is taken), which includes a review of the controversial ‘unwilling or unable’ doctrine. The duration and geographical scope of the right of self-defence are also considered in this context. A worrying trend is identified regarding how states appear to take a more permissive attitude towards anti-terrorist operations. This state practice has serious implications for the meaningful application of proportionality, whilst highlighting the potential for specific necessity to act as a restraint on state action.

“A Study on The Levels Of Stress Among Post Graduate Students Of Dibrugarh University’’

Stress is normally an unavoidable part of everyone’s life living in this world. It portrays a negative notion that can have an impact on one’s mental and physical well-being. Stress is always regarded as a psychological process that involves an individual’s personal interpretation and response to any threatening event. Stress is an unavoidable part of life everybody meet with stress in his/ her life; it can take a toll on students‟ physical health, mental health, and academic success and even on every part of life unless they discover to cope with it appropriately. Stress has a negative impact on one’s mental and physical wellbeing. Throughout a lifetime, one may experience thousands of different episodes of stress. It means that stress may be a normal, adaptive reaction to threat. Its role is to signal and prepare individuals to take defensive action. Take for instance, fear of things that present realistic threats motivates individuals to deal with them or avoid them. . College and Post Graduation students experience stress connected to changes in lifestyle, increased workload, new tasks, interpersonal relationships and a lot of other things. Tremendous levels of stress can hinder work efficacy and lead to meagre academic performance and at the same time it affects one’s overall happiness.