US baseball dispute will bring risks for both sides

Significance The lockout followed failure to reach a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) and pitches a cartel of owners against arguably the most powerful labour union in the United States. The two sides are far apart and disruption to the 2022 season cannot be ruled out. Impacts Even a contract agreement by February 1 would leave little time for free agents to find clubs and other players to secure terms. Should a players' strike happen, it will not be likely until after the season has begun, giving the players' union more leverage. Pressure to unionise minor league baseball will grow.

Article 20—Contract Adjustment Mechanism

This chapter focuses on Article 20 of Directive 2019/790, order on copyright in the Digital Single Market in Europe, which analyzes the contract adjustment mechanism. It reviews the rights of authors and performers or their representatives in claiming additional, appropriate, and fair remuneration from the party with whom they entered into a contract for the exploitation of their rights in the absence of an applicable collective bargaining agreement. It also points out that authors and performers tend to be in the weaker contractual position when they grant a licence or transfer their rights for the purposes of exploitation in return for remuneration. The chapter analyzes certain contracts for the exploitation of rights harmonised at Union level that are of long duration. It talks about a remuneration adjustment mechanism that should be provided for cases where the remuneration originally agreed under a licence or a transfer of rights becomes disproportionately low.

LA EXTENSIÓN DE BENEFICIOS EN EL MODELO DE RELACIONES LABORALES CHILENO: CONSIDERACIONES

This article analyses and systematizes the mechanism for the extension of benefits from a collective bargaining agreement in the Chilean employment relations model, regulated in article 322 of the Labour Code, since the coming into force of the labour reform, Law N° 20,940; within whose coordinates collective bargaining must currently proceed. The analysis of the legal mechanism in question, is carried out from a historical and critical perspective, reviewing its origins until reaching its current mutation; for this reason, historical aspects are analysed, among them, the influence that the Labour Plan has in the construction of this legal figure and the significance of its establishment and validity in the denaturalization of the collective bargaining agreement institution in our legal system and its consequent impact on trade union freedom.

In-and-Out: How Fashion Journalists Write About Black NBA Dandies

The National Basketball Association (NBA), now flush with lucrative television contracts from its broadcast partners and an owner-friendly collective bargaining agreement, is as popular as ever. Besides athleticism only reserved for a small portion of humans and basketball plays that can only be made by not even most elite college players, what also keeps fans on the edge of their seats are the outfits worn by Russell Westbrook, James Harden, Lebron James and the many other fashionable players. Using what Bourdieu’s (1984) termed cultural intermediary in Distinction as a conceptual framework, this study will examine how 12 fashion journalists write about Black NBA dandies. According to Bourdieu (1984), cultural intermediaries are involved in the presentation and representation of cultural and symbolic goods and services, some of whom are salespeople, advertising executives, and interior designers. Cultural intermediaries serve as the link between production and consumption, giving the end consumer access to legitimate culture. As fashion journalists, these participants educate their readers on the latest in bespoke wear, haute couture clothing and Black style. The Black NBA body provides a medium for fashion journalists to highlight the exclusivity and democratic ideals of fashion because of the ways in which they peel off the layers of celebrity, position Black NBA dandies within a network of images, and create a dialectic tension between Black culture and a generic White culture.

Mediation—Its Forms and Functions

This article examines the forms and functions of mediation. Mediation is commonly directed, not toward achieving conformity to norms, but toward the creation of the relevant norms themselves. It may be suggested that mediation is always, in any event, directed toward bringing about a more harmonious relationship between the parties. However, mediation can also be directed, not toward cementing a relationship, but toward terminating it. The article then looks at the negotiation of a collective bargaining agreement. The central quality of mediation is its capacity to reorient the parties toward each other, not by imposing rules on them, but by helping them to achieve a new and shared perception of their relationship, a perception that will redirect their attitudes and dispositions toward one another.

The Impact of Teacher Labor Market Reforms on Student Achievement: Evidence from Michigan

Over the past decade, many states enacted substantial reforms to teacher-related laws and policies. In Michigan, the state legislature implemented requirements for teacher evaluation based partly on student achievement, reduced tenure protections, and restricted the scope of teacher collective bargaining. Some teacher advocates view such reform as a “war on teachers,” but proponents argue these policies may have enabled personnel decisions that positively impact student performance. Evidence on this debate remains limited. In this study, we use detailed administrative data from all Michigan traditional public schools from 2005-06 to 2014-15. We estimate event study models exploiting the plausibly exogenous timing of collective bargaining agreement expirations. Across a variety of samples and specification checks, we find these reforms had generally null results, with some evidence of heterogeneity by cohort. We investigate several possible mechanisms and conclude that districts with more restrictive teacher contracts prior to reform and districts with more rigorous use of teacher evaluations experienced more positive impacts after reform exposure.

Partisan Predictors for Collective Bargaining Agreement Items

The United States is rare among nations in its highly decentralized process for negotiating collective bargaining agreements with local teachers’ unions. To determine whether partisanship can predict these highly localized decisions, I construct an original database of Pennsylvania collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) merged with publicly available voter registration records to predict the presence of high-profile contract items. Using spatial autoregression and probit regression, I reveal that the partisanship of a school district is a significant predictor for fewer seniority protections but not for lower salaries. These partisan relationships can guide both district administrators and union leaders in future negotiations.

PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA DENGAN PERJANJIAN KERJA WAKTU TERTENTU DI PT. GRAFITECINDO CIPTAPRIMA (PT. GCP)

Implementation of PKWT according to Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower states that the PKWT work relationship requires a written agreement in Indonesian and may not be for permanent work in the company which, if violated, will result in changing the work relationship to PKWTT. Likewise with the rights to wages, working time and employee participation in the BPJS. Meanwhile, the terms of work are regulated in a Work Agreement or Collective Bargaining Agreement. Workers Union at PT. GCP, namely GSPMII, has succeeded in overseeing the implementation of PKWT in the form of fulfilling work norms and conditions for PKWT workers in companies and also guaranteeing continuity to work at the company. Although there are still violations where the sanctions for violating the PKWT mechanism, namely changing the status to PKWTT, cannot be implemented so that there is a work agreement that always continues, but in the mind of the labor union, it is a solution to guarantee the continuity of work for PKWT workers in the company. This study limits the discussion to the problem of implementing PKWT at PT. GCP is in accordance with Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and how the role of PUK GSPMII PT. GCP in overseeing the fulfillment of work norms and conditions and providing guarantees for the continuity of employment of contract workers in the company. This thesis research uses the empirical normative legal method where the authors conduct research on the application of labor law at PT. Grafitecindo Ciptaprima, where the researcher is in charge of the trade union. Employers must comply with the legal rules regarding the PKWT mechanism, including the fulfillment of temporary work norms and conditions for trade unions must have a good understanding and strategy in dealing with the problem of violating the PKWT mechanism, not only prioritizing legal certainty but also but also it would be better if it prioritizes the principles benefit, especially for workers.

The Effect of Teachers’ Union Contracts on School District Efficiency: Longitudinal Evidence From California

While the effect of teachers’ unions on school districts continues to be debated, the research literature provides few definitive conclusions to guide these discussions. In this article, we examine the relationship between teachers’ union contracts and school district efficiency. We define efficiency as the ratio of short-run productivity (student performance on standardized exams) to expenditures. We estimate a series of school district fixed effect models using measures of district collective bargaining agreement (CBA) restrictiveness tied to longitudinal outcomes. We find that CBA restrictiveness is positively associated with expenditures on students, instruction, instruction support services, and teacher and administrator salaries over time. We find no significant relationship between CBA restrictiveness and student achievement. Finally, we find a negative relationship between CBA restrictiveness and district efficiency. Given the small magnitude of our effect sizes, we conclude that weakening union rights may not produce large gains in efficiency and may come at substantial political costs.