Are swimming coaches ready to help injured young swimmers?

Study aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and skills of swimming coaches in providing first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Material and methods: The sample consisted of 59 swimming coaches who responded to non-standardized questionnaire. The collected data were processed by the statistical program IBM SPSS (20.0), using the Chi-square test with cross-tabulation, with a level of statistical significance p ≤ 0.05. Results: Obtained data showed a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of swimming coaches about first aid and CPR in relation to coaching experience (p = 0.025); in the knowledge of providing first aid and CPR between coaches who have a certificate of first aid and CPR and those who do not (p = 0.006) and in first aid and CPR knowledge between coaches who have renewed their first aid and CPR knowledge and those who did not (p = 0.045). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, swimming coaches included in this research did not have enough knowledge and skills in first aid and CPR, which makes swimming programs unsafe. By obliging swimming coaches to acquire and constantly improve their knowledge and skills in first aid and CPR, the environment for all swimming programs would become safer.

Exploring the Dynamics of Justification in the Wake of a Rumor Outbreak on Social Media

This paper explores the dynamics of justification in the wake of a rumor outbreak on social media. Specifically, it examines the extent to which the five types of justification—descriptive argumentation, presumptive argumentation, evidentialism, truth skepticism, and epistemological skepticism—manifested in different voices including pro-rumor, anti-rumor and doubts before and after fact-checking. Content analysis was employed on 1,911 tweets related to a rumor outbreak. Non-parametric cross-tabulation was used to uncover nuances in information sharing before and after fact-checking. Augmenting the literature which suggests the online community’s susceptibility to hoaxes, the paper offers a silver lining: Users are responsible enough to correct rumors during the later phase of a rumor lifecycle. This sense of public-spiritedness can be harnessed by knowledge management practitioners and public relations professionals for crowdsourced rumor refutation.

Sikap Berhubungan dengan Tindakan Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru (AKB) Remaja

The New Habit Adaptation (AKB) policy issued by Indonesian government is a form for implementing the new normal order during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has not been optimally implemented, especially for adolescents. Several studies and current observations showed that adolescents were still not adherent to implementing health protocols. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the link between knowledge, attitudes, and AKB adolescent practice in North Sumatra. A quantitative study with cross-sectional design was applied for this research involving 246 adolescents spread over 6 (six) working areas of Primary Health Care (Puskesmas) who was determined by purposive sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire which has been tested for validity and reliability, then data were analyzed descriptively by cross-tabulation and associatively by chi-square. The results showed the behavior of implementing AKB practice by adolescents was high (60.2%), knowledge was in the high category (92.7%) and adolescent attitudes were also positively supportive (90.7%). In addition, the significance test showed that there was a link between attitude and practice (p = 0.030; POR = 2.574). However, no link appeared to exist between knowledge and practice. This research contributes for developing of AKB policy outreach interventions by stakeholders and efforts to involve youth groups in the participatory achievement of AKB policy.

Teaching Methods and Quality of Business Studies Textbook in Secondary Schools in Kenya

Well-structured business studies textbook provides enjoyable episodes of knowledge creation which promotes achievement learning outcome for sustained academic results. Business textbook represents potentially implemented curriculum as its vehicle through which intended curriculum is availed to learner encouraging achievement of learning objectives. However, adopting methodology that does not facilitate achievement of specific objectives may limit knowledge construction degrading learner’s mean score. The study adopted is exploratory research design. Data collected were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were analyzed through counts, percentages, means, standard deviations and Chi square tests while Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Cross tabulation results further indicated that teaching methods significantly influence quality of textbook implying that appropriate teaching methods supports achievement of learning. It was also found that presentation, visuals and differentiated instruction influence quality of instruction content encouraging learning. Therefore, it is recommended that teaching method selected should be learner centered to accelerate learning.

Effect of Customized Cosmetics Selection Attributes and Safety Perception on Intention to Purchase

Purpose: This study investigated how choice attributes and safety perception of adult female consumers influence purchase intention.Methods: Data were collected from women aged 20 years and older and analyzed using SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Analyses included frequency, descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, one-way ANOVA, factor, reliability, principal component, and regression.Results: Among the attributes of personalized cosmetic selection, quality was highly significant for women aged 40 and older. As regards the safety perception of customized cosmetics, the safety of the manufacturing environment was significantly important for women in their 30s and that of the expiration date, and the ingredients were significantly higher for women aged 40 and above. The significance of safety was high in the case of married women and those in the income group above 4 million won. Quality has the greatest positive impact on safety of the manufacturing environment and shelf life, and perceptual value has the greatest positive impact on universal safety. Perceptual value and universal safety had the greatest positive influence on purchasing intention.Conclusion: Through this study, we increase the safety perception of customized cosmetics to consumers who choose customized cosmetics and help them select customized cosmetics according to their selection attributes. For related companies, we not only hope to develop customized cosmetics with proven safety but also build and develop appropriate marketing strategies.

The Gender-Biased Wording of Recruitment Advertisements in Iraq

This research studies the nature and the scope of gender discrimination in job advertisements across Iraq’s various business sectors, segments, and hierarchical levels. It also attempts to understand the correlation between the language of the vacancy announcements and the level of the gender discriminatory content in them. This study is conducted with the hope of contributing to gender equality at the workplace in Iraq and the wider region. The current study adopts a content coding and analysis method that depends on the analysis of job advertisements (n=1015) by organizations operating in Iraq published in the leading recruitment websites and social media pages for a period of about four consecutive months from June to October 2017. The analysis is conducted using descriptive statistics and tested using simple cross tabulation method. Although the topic has been studied in various countries and contexts, it lacks academic attention in the Middle East, which can be seen as a unique area for research. Also, this research is the first attempt, as far as we are aware of, to comprehend the correlation between the choice of language (English, Arabic or Kurdish) and gender-biased wording of vacancy announcements. Understanding the relationship between language and gender discrimination in job advertisements might as well unveil a new area of study and aid in the quest for gender equality in the Iraqi workplace. This paper provides scientific evidence that more than 41% of all job advertisements in Iraq commit gender discrimination. The majority of them indirectly favor male candidates. Additionally, the nature of the vacancies for which women are preferred is different from the ones that target men. The adverts generally try to segregate women into non-managerial and administrative jobs. The study also infers a statistically significant correlation between the language of the advertisement and gender discrimination rate.

Something You Can See, Hear, and Feel: A Descriptive, Exploratory Mixed-Methods Analysis of Youths’ Articulations About Racism

This descriptive, exploratory, sequential mixed-methods study investigated youths’ articulations about racism via an open-ended survey question, and the extent to which these articulations differed based on youths’ demographic characteristics. This study included 384 youth who identified as African American ( n = 98), Latinx/o/Hispanic ( n = 74), Asian/Pacific Islander ( n = 52), Multiracial ( n = 38), Native American ( n = 20), and White ( n = 100). Youth were between 14 and 18 years of age ( Mage = 16.66, SD = 1.28) and were primarily cisgender girls (51.3%) followed by cisgender boys (44.5%) and transgender (4.2%) youth. Thematic analysis was used to analyze youths’ responses, finding that youth displayed an analysis of intrapersonal/interpersonal racism, structural racism, and color-evasive ideology. Cross-tabulation analysis revealed that youth from lower socioeconomic statues (SES) were more likely than higher SES youth to describe racism as an intrapersonal/interpersonal phenomenon, and girls and transgender youth were more likely than boys to express a structural analysis of racism. Study findings suggest that youths’ beliefs about racism are multidimensional and primarily characterize racism as an intrapersonal/interpersonal phenomenon. Results may be used to inform the development of youth programs that aim to discuss racism in critical ways.

Self-Reported Perceptions of Online Learning and Observed Online Learning Behaviors: To What Extent Are They Consistent?

This study investigates to what extent there is an association between students’ self-reported perceptions of online learning and observed online learning behaviors recorded by the learning analytic data. The participants were 319 undergraduates studying an engineering course in an Australian university. Data analyses were conducted using cluster analyses, Hidden Markov Model, one-way ANOVAs, and a cross-tabulation. The relations between students’ self-reported perceptions and their academic learning outcome show that those with positive perceptions tended to have higher scores. The relations between observational online learning behaviors and their academic learning outcome demonstrate that students with most learning sessions achieved more highly. The cross-tabulation finds a significant association between the cluster membership generated by by the self-reported perceptions and observational online learning behaviors. Amongst students who had most study sessions characterized by high percentages of reading and formative states and low percentage of summative states, the proportion of those with positive perceptions (40.2%) was significantly higher than those with negative perceptions (20.0%). Of students who had the least study sessions represented by moderate reading and summative states, and low formative states, the proportion of students with positive perceptions (3.0%) was significantly lower than the proportion of students having negative perceptions (8.7%).

The Need of E-ticket to Support the Public Bus Service Improvement Policy in a Developing Country

Background: Public buses are a major transportation mode in large cities in the developing country Indonesia. Nevertheless, most societies still use passenger cars. Therefore, the road authority has developed an important policy to improve public bus services soon. One of the public bus services is to change the bus operational system, including the manual ticketing system to an electronic ticket (e-ticket) system. In order to make the policy succeed, the road authority should ask for passengers’ opinions. Objective: The purposes of this study are to ensure that the bus e-ticket is needed to support the policy and then to determine important priority factors of bus e-ticket implementation. Methods: The data were collected using a direct survey with a questionnaire in large cities, Surabaya and Denpasar in Indonesia. A total of 565 bus passengers participated in this survey. An analysis was conducted through cross tabulation between the respondents’ demographic data and their perceived level of need and priority of implementation with regard to various factors of the e-ticket system. The Simple Additive Weighting method was used to determine the important priority factors. Results: Results indicated that a bus e-ticket needed for the cross tabulation average value is more than 3.60 out of 5.00 for all factors. Furthermore, the three highest values of factors based on the Simple Additive Weighting method are ease of access, availability of the bus routes information, and affordability of the e-ticket price. Conclusion: Since respondents indicate that the e-ticket is needed and is a priority, then the policy is beneficial not only to improve bus services in Indonesia but also in other developing countries with similar traffic and geometric conditions.

Monitoring Land Change of Cover in Al-Rusafa District In Baghdad City by using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Change detection of land surface is critical to execute precise data about territory of study for any sorts of arranging improvement. Technologies of Remote Sensing and GIS and have accomplished incredible strides to tackle the investigation issues like changes of land cover. The point of that study is to deliver guides of land front of Al-Rusafa District on year 2000, 2018 to screen the potential the expectable changes especially in vegetation land and metropolitan or built land, furthermore, identify the cycle of city settlement. Two multi-transient satellite picture information, Upgraded Topical Mapper picture information from 2000 and OLI Satellite picture information from 2018 were utilized in that task. That study direction is the major approach of classification approach to supply divided maps, and cover of land categories were recognized and map. Spectral indices (NDVI, NDBI, NDWI) utilized to identify the changes of expanding and diminishing land the change detection in (Arc Map 10.5 ) Envision was utilized to identify the urban development and the concentrated alters encompassing the urban regions. Cellular automata of Markov was utilized to mimic the patterns of land utilize and change of cover the period of 2000 to 2018 cross-tabulation lattices between diverse stages were delivered to interpret the patterns of change of covers from one cover land to another, these measurement information straight forwardly regions communicated the alter of land cover. The results about appear these demonstrate that around (31.8 %) of Change from one Kind of land cover to another one though around (68.2 %) of the region Remained unaltered between (2000, and 2018)..