Demokratisasi Dan Desentralisasi Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan Dalam Pemilukada Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the existence of internal party democracy and the decentralization of party authority in the PDI-P through the Djarot-Sihar election and the basis for consideration of PDI-P carrying out the cadres of the central board of directors as a candidate pair for regional heads at the 2018 North Sumatra Provincial Election. qualitative research with descriptive analysis. This study is intended to describe and explain in depth the level of democracy and decentralization of power and authority of political parties in decision-making, especially in the nomination, determination up to the stage of submitting the Candidates for Governor and Deputy Governor in the General Election of Regional Heads of North Sumatra for the 2018-2023 Period. PDI-P implements a form of internal party democracy with a guided pattern where the General Chair has special authority in determining the form and procedure for administering internal democracy itself which is guaranteed by the Party Charter, Party Articles of Association, and Party Bylaws; The recruitment of candidates for regional heads and/or deputy regional heads is not carried out democratically in accordance with the principles of liberal democracy, where the decision making in the nomination of candidates rests with the General Chairperson of the Party. The determination of Djarot-Sihar as a candidate pair for governor and deputy governor of North Sumatra Province in the 2018 Regional Head General Election was based on party strategic considerations in accordance with the political calculations of the General Chair and party elite ranks.

A Party Built on Bigotry Alone? The Scottish Board of Dissenters and Edinburgh Liberalism, 1834–56

By assessing the Central Board of Dissenters, arguably the most influential liberal-voluntary group of the mid-nineteenth century and the political wing of Scottish dissent, this article questions whether the Liberal party in Edinburgh was indeed built on ‘bigotry alone’, and asks whether the groups that would later form the backbone of Scottish Liberalism until the Great War were, as John Brown claimed, the enemies of all oppressions and monopolies, or simply the products of sectarian strife. The Central Board of Dissenters acted as the conduit for ecclesiastical and political organisation for Edinburgh's radical voluntaries during the bitter conflict of the pre-Disruption period, and utilised this organisational strength after 1843 to create a pan-dissenting alliance based on the anti-Maynooth campaign. Despite their foundations in the intra-Presbyterian strife of Victorian Scotland, the electoral successes of this period created a base both in Edinburgh and across Scotland for a Liberal party, once it threw off the ideological shackles of these denominational struggles, which would dominate Scottish politics until the Great War.

Impact of Advertising on Educational Apps Used by Children

India’s education sector is being impacted by COVID-19 in unprecedented ways. The pandemic is disrupting the traditional education system, affecting over 320 million students. This sector is trying to develop robust, innovative approaches to foster a paradigm shift toward digital education. These efforts are being supplemented with the launch of quality-focused multilingual educational applications (apps). Parents are also swiftly adopting a variety of e-learning apps. This research addresses the role of advertisements to empower parents to be educated consumers for educational apps for children. The purposeful sample data were collected from 307 parents of students from the top 10 ICSE (Indian Certificate of Secondary Education) and CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) schools in Urban India. The findings indicate that advertising media accelerates the diffusion of educational technology and apps among parents. However, it does not help in overcoming insecurities that parents may have regarding these apps for their children.

MEMBANGKITKAN OPTIMISME DI TENGAH RESESI EKONOMI AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI WEBINAR

<p><em>The community service is motivated by concerns about Indonesia's economic conditions because of the pandemic which is directly felt by all levels of society. The purpose of community service through the delivery of material in the Webinar is to raise public optimism, especially Webinar participants during the economic recession due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation method is through the delivery of Webinar material at the invitation of the Central Board of MUKI. The materials presented included: (1) the impact of the pandemic on the economic recession and its scope, (2) the actual conditions of business operations during the pandemic, (3) the actual conditions of the employment during the pandemic, (4) the positive attitude in dealing with the crisis, and (5) business opportunities, especially online businesses, during the pandemic. The result is that participants have understood that the economic recession is not only affecting Indonesia, but is globally. Participants have realized the need to build optimism during a crisis and see business opportunities, especially online businesses, to be able to survive in the midst of a crisis</em></p>

VIOLENCE IN PRISON ISOLATION

Violence is present in various environments, in various social groups – wherever there is a disproportion between people in terms of physical or mental strength, social or economic status. A prison is a specific place due to it’s a total character and an isolating nature, as well as the presence of people who have committed crimes. Therefore, the aim of the article was to analyze the phenomenon of violence occurring in conditions of prison isolation. A comparative analysis was carried out based on statistical data obtained from the Central Board of the Prison Service for the years 2004-2019 in terms of the incidence of violence in the prisoner-officer and prisoner-prisoner relationship.

‘The Indian Express’ Investigation of India’s Toppers: Seven ‘Takeaways’ for Betterment of Education System

The Indian Express, an English Daily, investigated the progression of 86 national school Board toppers (51 men and 35 women) during the two-decade of 1996-2015. The investigation consisted of toppers of Class X and XII (from the Central Board of Secondary Education and the Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations). It was published in three parts (The Indian Express, December 27-28-29, 2020). As a follow-up of the major findings of the investigation, this article proposes seven ‘takeaways’ for the betterment of India’s education system.

Negotiating Norwegian Mission Education in Zululand and Natal during World War II

Missionaries from the Lutheran Norwegian Mission Society (NMS) came to South Africa from the 1840s. By 1940, more than 6000 pupils were attending NMS-owned schools in Zululand and Natal. World War II brought about different forms of negotiations between the missionaries and other actors. The War resulted in the missionaries losing contact with their central board in Norway and the provincial authorities of the Union were among those bodies who came to rescue them financially. Local congregations took over more of the mission responsibilities and the nature and forms of cooperation with other Lutheran missions changed. Added to these changes was the growing aspiration among Zulu pastors for more independence that also manifested itself in the management of schools. This paper presents an analysis of the ways in which the Norwegian missionaries negotiated their educational work in Zululand and Natal during the World War II period.

Production and sociocultural activities of the Belarusian society of the Deaf (2011–2015)

The article reflects the socio-cultural and industrial activities of the public association “Belarusian Society of the Deaf” (“BelOG”) in 2011–2015. This article, the material of which is based on the sources of the current archive of the Central Board of the Belarusian Society of the Deaf and others, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, will fill the gap in historical science, given that this period of the association’s activity is not reflected in historiography, there is only episodic information about the Belarusian Society of the Deaf at the specified time. Despite the difficult economic situation in the manufacturing sector of “BelOG”, caused by the consequences of the financial crisis in the Republic of Belarus (2009), partial financing of socio-cultural events and facilities continued. However, at the same time, this period was full of significant achievements in solving the problems of the linguistic rights of the hearing impaired, the development of studies of the Belarusian Sign Language, culture, sports and the historical heritage of the Belarusian Society of the Deaf.

A STUDY OF METACOGNITIVE SKILLS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS IN RELATION TO SUBJECT STREAM AND VARIOUS DEMOGRAPHICS

The aim behind present experimental study is to perform detailed investigation to draw inference/ regarding levels of Metacognitive skills in; Senior Secondary Students of respective subject streams, i.e., Science, Humanities and Commerce. ; and few specific Demographics. Samples were collected from Senior Secondary Class Students available in various schools under educational boards such as Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UPMSP) in Aligarh district, UP. Among plenty of Schools (Government and Private) available in the district sampling was done considering impact of specific demographics considered in study. Through random sampling, specific numbers of students were selected considering the ratio despite of the strength of respective stream. 500 senior secondary students comprising 254 boys and 246 girls belonging to Science, Humanities and Commerce stream were selected. The metacognitive skill scale developed by Madhu Gupta and Suman, (2017) used for collection of the data. To compare the different groups and to see the significant difference between groups Mean, Standard Deviation (S.D.) t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were calculated with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The finding of the study revealed that there exist no significant difference in metacognitive skills of students based on Gender, i.e, in Boys and Girls, but there exists significant difference in metacognitive skills of senior secondary students on the bases of their stream selection (Science, Humanities and Commerce), habitat (Rural and Urban), board (UPMSP and CBSE) and types of schools (Government and Private).