Dealing with the Barriers in International Trade in Vietnam Today

It’s been considered to be a tough time for the domestic business community in recent years due to the change in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, the outbreak of anti-globalization trend, the US interest rate hike, and the upcoming fourth industrial revolution. Those factors can lead to the reversal of international trade and investment, highly affecting young economies of high attraction, which, as those in Vietnam, consider exports and foreign investment as growth drivers. As the matter stands, a large number of Vietnamese enterprises have been suffering from unfair trade disputes and anti-dumping lawsuits on the way to global integration. That the enterprises lack considerate understanding of commercial legality and the spirit of solidarity to cope with trade barriers leads to such expense. Therefore, the author wishes to evaluate the ability of Vietnamese businesses to deal with the international trade barriers; and thereby make recommendations which could help those enterprises effectively respond to such barriers under the circumstance of global integration.

LAND USE IN THE BAB AL-MOADHAM AREA

The Bab al- moadham area is distinguished by the diversity of land uses, and the main objective of this is to study the land uses in the region. To achieve the study objective, the study area is divided into two zones. A conversation mechanism has been adopted to collect data. The data collection included all education centers, state institutions, shopping centers and health centers, and their numbers were 21 educational centers, 10 centers belonging to state institutions, 5 shopping centers, 12 health centers. The use of land for educational purposes is very wide compared to the rest of the types of land uses, and the study area is a non –residential area. The number of daily personal trips for educational use is 51549 between students and employees. Because of this varied use of land in the study area, it is considered a high attraction for trips, which helps this study to create an attraction model for the Bab al-Moadham area.

Socio-geographical approach to assessing the tourist potential’s attractiveness of the Carpathian region

Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the Ukrainian economy. Analysis of the tourism potential of the country and its individual regions, in particular its attractiveness – the ability to attract potential tourists, is necessary for the effective functioning of the tourism sector. The purpose of the article is to justify the socio-geographical approach to assessing the tourist potential’s attractiveness of the region and analyse the conditions and factors for such estimation in the objective (quantitative) and subjective (qualitative) dimensions on the basis of factor criteria and performance indicators. The tourist potential’s attractiveness of the region is the degree of attractiveness of the natural, ethnocultural, socio-historical and other tourist resources of the region, its socio-economic and transport infrastructure, reception places and attendants. The tourist potential’s attractiveness of the Carpathian region is ensured by its diversity of relief forms, the picturesque of landscapes, the presence of unique wild nature areas, a significant amount of rivers, the purity of natural waters, a lot of forests, and the richness of flora and fauna. The wealth of anthropogenic tourism resources of the Carpathian region leads to a high attraction of the social segment of the tourist potential of the Carpathian region. All regional centres, a lot of small towns and villages, which have survived, the samples of Old Ukrainian church wooden architecture, castles, religious buildings, defensive structures, old residential and economic buildings of the region have a high attraction. The attractiveness is also ensured by the presence of numerous parks, cafes, restaurants, theatres, museums, cultural and lifestyle habits of local residents, including Hutsuls and Boyks. Along with this, a combination of natural and social tourism resources created in the Carpathian region favourable conditions for the development of all kinds of ethnic and event tourism, rural green tourism. Based on the analysis of approaches to the component of the tourism potential’s assessment and attractiveness, own socio-geographical approach to the construction of a system for assessing the tourist potential’s attractiveness of the region has been formed. These include natural tourist resources, tourist resources of anthropogenic origin, tourist infrastructure, marketing and pricing policies, labour resources, provision of catering facilities, sports and entertainment facilities, the level of transport infrastructure’s development, tourist safety, environmental quality, finance, investment in tourism sphere, general image of the region, economic attractiveness, management, state support and political stability, information. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is to assess the conditions and factors of the tourism potential of the region in an objective and subjective way. Each of these characteristics is described by relevant factor criteria and may be defined by specific quantitative and / or qualitative indicators. With the help of the constructed indicators’ system of tourism potential attraction estimation, we are able to quantitatively and qualitatively estimate the level of tourism industry development in the Ukrainian regions; to highlight the causal relationships in determining the level of tourist potential’s attractiveness; to identify the factors that influence the development of tourism activity, in that destabilizing; to carry out monitoring of tourism activity in the region with the possibility of predicting changes in tourist activity taking on its basis optimal managerial decisions at the state and regional levels. Key words: tourist potential, tourist potential’s attractiveness, Carpathian region, natural and anthropogenic tourist resources.

BALKONDES CANDIREJO MAGELANG SEBAGAI BENTUK PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA YANG BERKELANJUTAN

Development of tourism is very important. Nowadays, interest of tourists is on the concept of nature tourism. Development of tourist village is one of the right choices besides that development of tourist village is one of the solutions for the problems of poverty, preservation of culture, and preservation of environment. Indonesian and Magelang in particular is a region which has a potential tourism is quite adequate and has high attraction for the tourist moreover around the Borobudur temple. This research aims to know the attraction of the tourist to Balkondes around Borobudur temple and to know the ecomony of community before and after build Baalkondes. Method of this research is descriptive qualitative. Subject of this research is Balkondes Candirejo and tourist village of Candirejo, Borobudur sub-district, Magelang regency. The results show that the Balkondes is able to attract the foreign and local tourist in which the percentage is of 80% foreign tourist and 20% local tourist. The presence of Balkondes and tourist village of Candirejo are having effect to the increasing the income of the community of Desa Candirejo, Magelang regency. Keywords: Balkondes, economy of community, tourist village Abstrak: Pengembangan pariwisata sangat penting bagi industri pariwisata. Saat ini minat wisatawan pada konsep wisata alam pedesaan (back to nature). Pengembangan desa wisata adalah salah satu pilihan wisata yang tepat selain itu pengembangan desa wisata ini menjadi solusi bagi permasalahn kemiskinan, pelestarian budaya, dan pelestarian lingkungan hidup. Indonesia umumnya dan magelang khususnya merupakan wilayah yang memiliki potensi wisata yang cukup memadai dan memiliki daya tarik yang cukup tinggi bagi wisatawan terlebih berada dikawasan candi Borobudur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui minat wisatawan dengan adanya balkondes di desa-desa di sekitar wilayah Candi Borobudur dan untuk mengetahui perekonomian masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah adanya balkondes. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah balkondes Candirejo di Desa Candirejo Kabupaten Magelang dan desa wisata candirejo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balkondes mampu menarik wisatawan asing baik domestic maupun mancanegara yaitu sejumlah 80% wisatawan mancanegara dan 20% wisatawan domestic. Dengan adanya balkondes dan desa wisata Candirejo juga berpengaruh pada meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat Desa Candirejo, Kabupaten Magelang. Kata kunci: Balkondes, ekonomi masyarakat, desa wisata

UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN WANITA PENGRAJIN PURUN (ELEOCHARIS DULCIS) DI KECAMATAN PERBAUNGAN

Abstrak Purun (Eleocharis Dulcis) adalah tanaman rumput-rumputan yang tumbuh di daerah rawa, memiliki karakteristik daya tarik dan regang yang cukup tinggi. Purun, bagi wanita suku Banjar adalah sangat erat kaitannya dengan budaya, kerajinan, dan peningkatan ekonomi keluarga. Pemanfaatan purun sebagai bahan baku tikar, tas, topi, dan berbagai wadah produk pertanian, sangat memasyarakat, sehingga memberi peluang bisnis bagi ibu-ibu rumah tangga. Sebelum dimanfaatkan dalam proses penganyaman, purun terlebih dahulu dipipihkan. Pemipihan purun, secara tradisional dengan cara meletakkan ikatan-ikatan purun di jalan raya agar digilas kenderaan dan juga dengan menumbuknya hingga pipih. Hal tersebut memperlambat produksi, dan juga purun banyak yang rusak. IbM memberi solusi dengan rancang bangun mesin pemipih purun, yang secara signifikan meningkatkan pendapatan penrajin purun tersebut. Peningkatan pendapatan wanita pengrajin purun (Eleocharis Dulcis) melalui peningkatan sikap positif terhadap peluang pasar dan pemanfaatan mesin pemipih purun berkapasitas 20 Kg/jam, serta inovasi produk anyaman tikar aneka warna. Sikap wanita pengrajin purun terhadap peluang pasar yang lebih luas meningkat secara signifikan, aneka produk tikar semakin bervariasi, serta menghasilkan keuntungan produksi dalam satu minggu untuk dua kelompok dengan jumlah 31 orang meningkat dari Rp. 3. 642.500,- menjadi Rp. 4. 882.500,-. Kata Kunci: Peningkatan pendapatan, sikap postif, pengarajin purun, mesin pemipih. Abstract Purun (Eleocharis Dulcis) is a plant of grass growing in the swamp area, has a high attraction and tensile characteristics. Purun, for Banjar women is very closely related to culture, craft, and economic improvement of the family. Utilization of purun as raw material of mats, bags, hats, and various containers of agricultural products, is very popular, thus providing business opportunities for housewives. Before utilized in the process of weaving, purun first flaked. Purun slaughter, traditionally by putting pentang ties on the highway to be crushed by the vehicle and also by pounding it flat. It slows down the production, and also the much-broken purun. IbM provides a solution with the design of the purun scavenger, and significantly increases the income of the purun craftsmen. Increased income of craftsmen women (Eleocharis Dulcis) through the improvement of positive attitude to market opportunities and utilization of machine enumeration purun with a capacity of 20 Kg / hour, and innovation of woven mat products of various colors. The attitude of the craftsmen women to the wider market opportunities increased significantly, the variety of mat products varied, as well profit production in one week for two groups with total 31 people increased from Rp. 3. 642.500, - to Rp. 4. 882.500, -. Keywords: Increased revenue, positive attitude, cost reducer, fraud machine

A Perceptual Experiment on Harmonic Tension and Melodic Attraction in Lerdahl's Tonal Pitch Space

The experiment reported here provides a comparison between listeners' judgments and theoretical predictions on harmonic tension and melodic attraction using Lerdahl's (2001) Tonal Pitch Space theory. A harmonic reduction of measures 1 to 8 from the first movement of Mozart's Piano Sonata, K282 was used for the experiment. The listeners heard the 24 sequential chord pairs from the harmonic reduction and were asked, first, to judge how strongly the two chords were attached to each other and, second, if there was an increase, decrease or no-change in tension in the progression from one chord to the next. The results from the experiment showed a significant correlation between theoretical predictions and listeners' tension judgments. However, a low correlation between Lerdahl's model and the attraction judgments demonstrated that distance in semitones is a more influential factor than anchoring strength in the perception of melodic attraction. This conclusion followed from the high attraction ratings given to repeated chords or adjacent chords in which the bass is repeated or progresses by step. The most interesting result of this experiment, consistent with the theory, is the demonstration that listeners perceive an inverse relationship between tension and attraction. In other words, listeners give high-tension ratings to points of low melodic attraction and vice versa, even when they judge each factor separately. Although we obtained a convergence of results between predictions and listeners' tension judgments and demonstrated a perceptual inverse relationship between tension and attraction, further tests are needed to determine how distance in semitones and anchoring strength combine to give a measure of melodic attraction.

Effects of Interpersonal Attraction and Type of Behavior on Attributions

This study examined the effects of interpersonal attraction for another and the type of behavior performed by another on attributions made about that other's behavior. 80 subjects interacted with either someone to whom they were attracted or with an experimental confederate, who performed either typical, expected behavior or atypical, unexpected behavior. Analysis indicated that attributions were significantly affected by an interaction between interpersonal attraction and type of behavior. In explaining atypical behavior, subjects tended to make more external attributions under conditions of high attraction. In explaining typical behavior, subjects tended to make more internal attributions under conditions of high attraction.

ATTRIBUTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR JOINT WORK OUTCOMES IN DYADS OF HIGH AND LOW ATTRACTION IN A NATURAL SETTING

Twenty-eight students of a school class were put into dyads of high and low attraction. After working on a verbal task, all dyads attained a financial payoff. From studies about responsibility attribution in cooperative and competitive social contact, the hypothesis was deduced that there would be less self-attribution of responsibility for the (positive) joint outcome in dyads of high attraction. This was confirmed by the results. The potential significance for problems of distributive justice is discussed.