A Magyarország és Szerbia közti határ menti turisztikai projektek hatása a Vajdaság turisztikai fejlődésére : The impact of border tourism projects between Hungary and Serbia on the tourism development of Vojvodina

Jelen kutatás célja, hogy megvizsgálja azoknak a határ menti turisztikai projekteknek az eredményeit és hatásait, amelyek szerb–magyar viszonylatban valósultak meg a 2014 és 2020 közötti európai uniós támogatási időszakban. A vizsgálatokat részben szakirodalmi kutatással, részben pedig azoknak az interjúknak a segítségével végeztük el, amelyeket a térségre jellemző turisztikai termékekhez kapcsolódó jelentősebb projektek vezetőivel készítettünk. A vizsgálatok során azt tártuk fel, hogy a fenti projektek által kitűzött célok és eredmények hogyan és milyen mértékben segítik a Vajdaság turisztikai fejlődését. A kutatás megmutatta, hogy a projektek által érintett településeken kiugró fejlődés ugyan nem történt, azonban az uniós források nélkül ez a fejlődés kisebb mértékű lenne. Elmondható, hogy a turisztikai források mindenképpen fejlődési alternatívát jelentettek a kisebb méretű települések számára, és hogy a támogatott projektek jelentős hatást gyakoroltak egy-egy település mikroközösségének életére, a szorosabb együttműködések kialakítására. The aim of the present research is to examine the results and impacts of the cross-border tourism projects that were implemented under the Serbian-Hungarian relationship within the period of the European Union support between 2014 and 2020. Our research was carried out partly with the help of literature research and partly with that of interviews with the managers of major projects related to the tourism products of the region. The research revealed how and to what extent the goals and results set by these projects help the tourism development of Vojvodina. The research showed that although there was no outstanding development in the settlements affected by the projects, without EU funds development would have been smaller. For smaller settlements, tourism resources were definitely an alternative for development, and the supported projects had a significant impact on the life of the micro-community of each settlement, on the establishment of closer cooperation.

Not so exceptional? Prosocial influences on union support among US workers

US unions have often been characterized as ‘exceptional’ in their weakness and conservatism compared to their Western European counterparts. American organized labor is associated with a ‘business unionism’ philosophy that assumes American workers are only pragmatic and materialistic, seeing their unions as vehicles for improving the terms and conditions of employment at their workplaces. Such an analysis omits the potential power of a belief that unions work to improve society. Applying an experimental vignette design based on a survey of over 1000 employed persons, this article examines whether ‘workplace instrumentality’ is the only motivation for workers to support unions. The authors consider the likelihood of voting yes in a union representation election to test the efficacy of two less studied predictors – perceiving unions as positively influencing society and perceiving them as facilitating workers’ voice in union policies and practices. Logistic regression shows that the most influential beliefs associated with union support were that unions improve terms and conditions of employment for represented workers (‘union instrumentality’), that unions positively influence society (‘prosocial unionism’), and that unions offer workers substantial influence on union policies and practices (‘worker say’). Researchers and union organizing campaigns should consider devoting greater attention to the social benefits of unionism and to union democracy.

Some Psychological Barriers of Broad Union Support

Many societies are grappling with how to reduce high levels of economic inequality. Although often overlooked, labor unions can have significant flattening effects on inequality. However, unions are not highly supported by the general public. To provide some psychological explanation as to why this may be the case, we examined five potential predictors of union support (i.e., political orientation, prejudice toward union members, meritocratic beliefs, union knowledge and social mobility beliefs). We tested each variable at least twice across three studies (two in the U.S.A., one in Canada, total N = 1776). Results indicated that stronger politically conservative beliefs, prejudice towards union members and less accurate knowledge of union activities uniquely explained lower union support across studies. Meritocratic and social mobility beliefs did not meaningfully explain union attitudes. Although mostly correlational, this research provides insight into potential reasons why everyday citizens may support or condemn unions in an increasingly unequal world. Implications for altering union attitudes and support for related policies are discussed.

Green focus in US trade deals likely to grow

Significance Trump also highlighted the labour union support that the USMCA eventually gained: after months of talks and changes to the agreement, the AFL-CIO -- the largest US union federation -- supported the deal, which Congress then passed with large bipartisan majorities. Impacts The USMCA may marginally increase Trump’s re-election chances and the Democrats' prospects of keeping the House in November. Climate change could become a major issue in US talks with China and India. If a Democrat wins the presidency, the new US Trade Representative would likely include climate impacts in all major negotiations. Depending on the specifics of any trade agreement, firms could face more pressure to be greener.

KEADILAN PROSEDURAL PARTISIPATIF DAN DUKUNGAN SERIKAT PEKERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA

This study aims to determine how the influence of Justice Procedural Participatory and Trade Union Support to Job Satisfaction of employees at UD. Putra TS Majalengka. The hypothesis proposed in this research is that Participatory Procedural Justice and Trade Union Support have a significant effect on Job Satisfaction,so that population in this research is UD Putra TS Super Market Majalengka taken as respondents that amounted to 100 people. The research method used survey method with descriptive approach verifikatif. The analysis tools used in this study are classical assumption, multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis test for partial test using t test and simultaneous test using F test. The results showed that participative procedural justice and union support had a significant effect on employee job satisfaction which means better procedural paticifative justice in the employees and the better the union support to employees will increase employee job satisfaction.

EUROPEAN UNION SUPPORT FOR AFFORESTATION IN POLAND – PERFORMANCE AND RESULTS

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the effects of EU support for afforestation in Poland. The research concerns afforestation measures under three subsequent Rural Development Programmes: 2004-2006, 2007-2013, 2014-2020. The examined period covers the years between 2004 and 2018. The analysis indicated that during the examined years about 80,000 ha of land were afforested. Thanks to the measure, forest area in Poland increased by 0.87%. The highest effect of the measure was achieved under RDP 2004-2006. The share of afforested area under that RDP was estimated to be at nearly 50% of total afforested area and in the case of RDP 2007-2013 at 46.7%. Under the current RDP 2014-2020, the interest of eligible agents in the measure and results are very modest. The afforested area, after five years of the financial perspective, was thirteen times lower than during three years of RDP 2004-2006. Although a rather unambitious target was set under RDP 2014-2020 – support for 82,000 ha of afforested land – small interest in new afforestation under the measure will probably be a barrier for achieving the target. The modest result is caused by a few factors, such as terms of the measure or farmer interest in different forms of support for agricultural activity.