15 Year Aceh Economic Leverage Analysis Post-Mou Helsinki

Conflict and regional economic development are two things that are interconnected, including the post-conflict conditions that have occurred. The Aceh conflict which was reconciled through the Helsinki MOU on August 15, 2005, in its course of text and social influence, affected the economic development of Aceh. Research on the analysis of leverage factors for the Acehnese economy 15 years after the peace period shows that the Acehnese economy is still in an unsustainable status with the main lever factor being human development index followed by regional expenditure, per capita expenditure, working population based on main employment, GRDP on the basis of price. Applicable, and agricultural production. Aceh's economic development, apart from requiring supporting infrastructure, really needs to pay attention to the development of its human index.

Policy Model Corporate Social Responsibility during The Covid-19 Pandemic: (Empirical Finding of State Own Enterprises in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia)

This study aims to examine the company's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) fund management policy model, namely both internal factors and external factors. The test was carried out on State Owned Enterprise in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia during the Covid 19 pandemic so that it could be seen what CSR policies were taken by companies in helping the government funding with the Covid 19 pandemic in Indonesian. The sample are 48 state-owned enterprise in this province. The data collection technique is distributing questionnaires through google form, email and other social media. Based on stakeholder theory and corporate social responsibility concept, two variables that influence the company's CSR policies are tested, namely Internal factors with indicators of planning strategies and human corporate culture while External factors support government and public pressure. The novelty of this research is disaster contingency as part of variable Which have effect to CSR Policy. Its means disaster contingency can become important thing to support CSR policy. The results of hypothesis testing with multiple regression indicate that CSR policies are significantly influenced by both internal and external variables. The limitation of the study is that the sample is only one province with small amount of sample and is recommended for a wider research area. The implication of the research is that the government should issue regulations to regulate CSR activities, especially those oriented to handling Covid 19 so that CSR can be more useful.

Theoretical Approach to Agroturism and Its Contribution to Local Development

Tourism as a driver of local development. It is also an international practice with results exhibited by countries from various latitudes. Therefore, a tourist management is imposed who allows the identification of gaps in tourist competitiveness, customer satisfaction, increased income, and an improvement in the quality of the population life. Today, city dwellers appreciate the rural world as the corner where tranquility, authenticity, nature, traditions, among other riches, are treasured. This new concept of rural tourism makes it possible for the great tourist currents to seek other spaces that are not only sun and beach destinations, as well as representing an attractive alternative for tourists. The following article makes a reflection on the basis of the main concepts and trends linked to agrotourism as local development strategies in order to facilitate the correct management of this tourism modality. Hence, theoretical methods were used such as analysis and synthesis, historical-logical, systemic structural; and empirical ones such as scientific observation, interview, study of normative documents, among others. As a result, the bases were laid for the theoretical-practical deepening of the research and a group of conditions are proposed that allow rural tourism to develop as an outstanding framework of the agricultural sector, and diversify the offer so that it behaves as a decisive factor in local development. The study has been validated and presented at national and international scientific events with positive results.

The Need for Introduction of Sharia Microfinance Program in the Gambia

The Gambia is a 95 percent Muslim country that is located in the western part of Africa. The population of the country is around 2.5 m. The Gambia is largely dependent on Agriculture, tax, tourism, and foreign aid and is ranked 178, in the Human Development Index 2019, the Gambia is classified as a country with medium human development. The paper used the literature review method. Currently, there is various microfinance program that has been existing for years, but none of them are having Islamic microfinance loan products until recently when two are lunched, as a result, some did not take their loans and even those who take it is hard to change their lives because it is purely for profit-making and also the higher interest rate for some of them. Islamic Microfinance would be the best development instrument for the population of Gambia. The microfinance institutions in The Gambia are very well expanded, they are the main source of credit to the Gambian population both rural and urban. Therefore it will be very important if microfinance institutions in the Gambia can introduce sharia microfinance. The objective of this paper is to suggest ways to introduce sharia microfinance in The Gambia and the benefits of sharia microfinance. The results of this study find out that Islamic microfinance is a viable loan product that can work in the Gambia, there are various kinds of Islamic microfinance products that can work for the poor in the Gambia, such as farmers, gardeners, and market vendors or SMEs. And Islamic microfinance could be the best way of eradicating poverty in the Gambia, since it is not based on the predetermined interest rate and have various suitable loan schemes, if well implemented can change lives.

A Typology of Digital Games Focusing on Potential Contributions to Communicating United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

This study aims to develop a discussion framework regarding the applicability of online games in higher education institutions for enhancing the understanding of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. A typology of online games is discussed, and games are categorised into three types: knowledge education, survival simulation experience and urban design simulation. A quantitative method was applied in this study, with data being collected from game participants who played games of the three types. Ten game attributes were used as potential independent variables to estimate the dependent variable of the participants’ understanding of the SDGs, using structural equation modelling. The developed and verified models indicate that each type of game had a unique impact on the participants’ perceptions of the SDGs based on various factors. This information could be useful as a guide for pedagogists aiming to enhance students’ awareness and understanding of the content and contexts of specific SDGs.

Entrepreneurship and Family Owned Enterprises Model for Long-Term Growth and Success: The Case of Sinokrot

This article explores the startup, growth, and success factors of Sinokrot Global Group. Sinokrot, a family-owned enterprise located in the Palestinian West Bank. Sinokrot began as a local confection in the West Bank, focusing on Agro-Industries and Agriculture, which has expanded into the global market. The firm employs permanent and seasonal workers from surrounding fifty villages and cities. It accounts for three thousand five hundred workers in Palestine society and ships to over twenty countries worldwide. Despite political and economic challenges in Palestine and the Middle East, Sinokrot has set modern successful business ventures in the Palestinian and other emerging markets. This case study on Sinokrot, now termed Sinokrot Holdings, examines factors that contributed to the success and survival of Sinokrot. A structured interview method is used to elicit relevant information from top management of Sinokrot on its sustainable growth and entry into global markets. We will discuss implications for entrepreneurs in less developed nations. An entrepreneurship success model for family-owned businesses is proposed.

The COVID-19 Pandemic in the IGAD Region: Consequence and Responses

This article examines the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) region. In its epidemiological, as well as socio-economic dimensions, the pandemic presents extraordinary difficulties. The states in the region already suffer of dearth of basic medical equipment, medicines, personnel, health infrastructures and other health related materials. Early on, it also became clear that the Western world would not extend helping hand, in particular, with regard to crucially needed medical equipment and masks. The European Union’s decision not to sell medical equipment outside the bloc sent a clear signal that the region is on its own. Releasing this the governments of the region focused on measures of prevention. They, while on the one hand introduced severe lockdown, state of emergency and curfews, and on the other began to mobilise their social capital. The consequences of the total lockdown are yet to be properly assessed; however, socio-economic impacts are already immense. The article argues that dealing with the consequences of the pandemic requires pulling together all the resources of the region that depend on effective and coherent mobilisation and organisation of resources, capacities and social capital.

Young Businesspeople’s Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Intentions to Contribute to Local Communities: A Case Study of the Cultured Pearl Industry in Mie, Japan

A number of theoretical frameworks attempt to help those in disadvantaged areas by encouraging growth in local industries created in those areas. However, as far as the authors are aware, not all of these attempts have been successful. The case discussed here is that of the cultured pearl industry, a traditional Japanese industry. In particular, the research focuses on the cultured pearl industry in Mie Prefecture, located in the western part of Mainland Japan, and the attitudes of young entrepreneurs who aim to support its sustainable development. A quantitative approach was applied to survey data collected from 170 respondents living in and originating from Mie Prefecture, through which this research attempts to identify the factors motivating young entrepreneurs to contribute to the industrial revitalisation of their local communities. Four potential motivating factors for young entrepreneurs to contribute to their local communities were initially hypothesised (sense of community involvement, attachment to community, economic value, and non-economic value, such as that related to community ties). These were then analysed and examined based on a factor analysis and regression model. The analytical results indicated that three of the four factors were significant in estimating the willingness of young entrepreneurs to contribute to the community, with the exception being the third factor, ‘economic value’. This finding may not be immediately generalisable due to the small amount of data available for the study and the need to compare individual respondent demographics and response trends. For example, it may be that the participants in this survey were already successful entrepreneurs with no financial concerns and a desire to contribute to the local pearl businesses and community development in addition to their primary businesses. Thus, a future research goal is to evaluate the results of this study through a detailed survey that considers the respondents' individual attributes. However, as a pilot test, this study indicates that the young generation, with its entrepreneurial spirit, does not necessarily have economic value as their primary goal. Instead, they may be more attentive to sociocultural factors; in particular, they may be prepared to take a stand for the sustainable development of their local communities.

An Investigation into the Estimation of a Positive Case of COVID-19: A Comparative Study between Two Phases of the Pandemic

In Japan, the policy for polymerase chain reaction (hereafter PCR) testing changed significantly after 7 May 2020; from 4 February to 6 May, PCR testing was limited to certain patients with severe symptoms. After 7 May, the PCR test was made available to a broader range of patients due to health insurance coverage. The study aims to test whether there is a significant relationship between the conditions under which PCR tests are performed, the number of tests after 7 May, and the positive results. Using a multiple regression model, we obtained the unexpected result even if we assume that PCR testing had been carried out during 4 February to 6 May at the same level as after 7 May. The number of positive cases would have been even lower than the actual number, which we have attained. This suggests that even if PCR testing had been plentiful throughout the entire period, the number of positives that would have been captured would not necessarily have been more significant than the actual number. This estimation might suggest that the infectivity of COVID-19 varied over time. It may suggest that, over time, the infectiousness and spreading power of COVID may be transformed. Therefore, further research investigating the epidemic impact of COVID is required, which is critical for humankind.

A Discussion on How to Apply Smart Data for Precision Marketing in the Global Economy: Asian Context

The aim of the research is to provide support for the application of smart data, precision marketing, and business analysis and in so doing, it is aimed to contribute to the further sustainable development of the economy. At present, intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data are developing in full swing, and various application scenarios are gradually being launched. Smart data is a new sort of database in combination with artificial intelligence and big data technology, which makes artificial intelligence technology and big data the core concepts and the foundation of digital smart data. With smart data, companies could apply precision marketing to better reach their target consumers, push notifications at the right time, advertise the products and services consumers are interested in, and establish personalised marketing communication with each consumer in order to increase marketing efficiency. Undoubtedly, precision marketing has become the top priority in the development of the digital marketing industry, and it is becoming increasingly popular. The paper is based on this perspective and starts with an overview of smart data. The definition and development status of smart data are first reviewed, followed by an analysis of the application of smart data technology and precision marketing in digital marketing.