Iron Status, Immune Response and Susceptibility to Infection

2008 ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Chandra ◽  
B. Au ◽  
G. Woodford ◽  
P. Hyam
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection

scholarly journals Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Supplement on Animal Performance, Iron Status, and Immune Response in Farm Animals: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Amin Omar Hendawy ◽  
Mostafa Sayed Khattab ◽  
Satoshi Sugimura ◽  
Kan Sato
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response

Efforts directed toward enhancing animals’ productivity are focused on evaluating the effects of non-traditional feed additives that are safer than antibiotics, which have been banned because of their health hazards. Many studies used an amino acid that contributes to heme biosynthesis, known as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), to promote the productivity of farm animals. However, these studies demonstrate inconsistent results. In order to develop a clear understanding of the effects of 5-ALA in farm animals, we comprehensively searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies evaluating 5-ALA effects on the performance, iron status, and immune response of different farm animals. The search retrieved 1369 publications, out of which 16 trials were relevant. The 5-ALA-relevant data and methodological attributes of these trials were extracted/evaluated by two independent researchers, based on a set of defined criteria. Samples were comprised of pigs, chickens, and dairy cows. The 5-ALA doses ranged from 2 mg to 1 g/kg of feed, and treatment duration ranged from 10 to 142 days. Overall, 5-ALA improved iron status in most studies and increased white blood cells count in 3 out of 10 studies, in addition to improving animals’ cell-mediated immune response following immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Inconsistent findings were reported for growth performance and egg production; however, a combination of 10 mg/kg of 5-ALA with 500 mg/kg of vitamin C promoted the highest egg production. In addition, 5-ALA improved milk protein concentration. In conclusion, 5-ALA can enhance farm animals’ iron status and immune response; however, the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies limits the generalizability of the findings. Standard procedures and outcome measures are needed to confirm the benefits of 5-ALA. Attention should also be paid to any adverse effects.

scholarly journals Lagochilascaris minor: Susceptibility and Resistance to Experimental Infection in Mice Is Independent of H-2aHaplotype and Correlates with the Immune Response in Immunized Animals

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Spadafora-Ferreira ◽  
Luciana Caetano Fernandes ◽  
Irmtraut Araci Hoffman Pfrimer ◽  
Cássia Regina Pichiteli ◽  
Denise Vilarinho Tambourgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex Haplotype ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Recently, we demonstrated that C57BL/6 mice are more susceptible to experimental lagochilascariosis than BALB/c mice. To investigate the pattern of infection and the role of the genetic background on susceptibility to infection, we studied experimental lagochilascariosis in H-2aidentical B10.A and A/J mice. Infected B10.A mice had a lower survival ratio and more severe lesions in the lungs than did A/J mice. Splenocytes of A/J mice immunized with the crude extract of the parasite showed increased proliferation and produced a higher level of interleukin 10 and interferon-γin the presence of CE or concanavalin A when compared to B10.A mice. This suggests that resistance of A/J mice may be due to less severe lesions in lungs and other organs and a better immune response to parasite antigens. This paper provides evidence that major histocompatibility complex haplotype does not influence the survival to experimental infection withL. minor.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Infection and Immune Response in Insular and Continental Populations of Egyptian Vulture: Implications for Conservation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. e6333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gangoso ◽  
Juan M. Grande ◽  
Jesús A. Lemus ◽  
Guillermo Blanco ◽  
Javier Grande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Egyptian Vulture

scholarly journals A Multi-Phenotype System to Discover Therapies for Age-Related Dysregulation of the Immune Response to Viral Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon White ◽  
Ben Komalo ◽  
Lauren Nicolaisen ◽  
Matt Donne ◽  
Charlie Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Age Related

ABSTRACTAge-related immune dysregulation contributes to increased susceptibility to infection and disease in older adults. We combined high-throughput laboratory automation with machine learning to build a multi-phenotype aging profile that models the dysfunctional immune response to viral infection in older adults. From a single well, our multi-phenotype aging profile can capture changes in cell composition, physical cell-to-cell interaction, organelle structure, cytokines, and other hidden complexities contributing to age-related dysfunction. This system allows for rapid identification of new potential compounds to rejuvenate older adults’ immune response. We used our technology to screen thousands of compounds for their ability to make old immune cells respond to viral infection like young immune cells. We observed beneficial effects of multiple compounds, of which two of the most promising were disulfiram and triptonide. Our findings indicate that disulfiram could be considered as a treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 and other inflammatory infections.

scholarly journals The Bidirectional Relationship between Sleep and Immunity against Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G. Ibarra-Coronado ◽  
Ana Ma. Pantaleón-Martínez ◽  
Javier Velazquéz-Moctezuma ◽  
Oscar Prospéro-García ◽  
Mónica Méndez-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Function Of Sleep

Sleep is considered an important modulator of the immune response. Thus, a lack of sleep can weaken immunity, increasing organism susceptibility to infection. For instance, shorter sleep durations are associated with a rise in suffering from the common cold. The function of sleep in altering immune responses must be determined to understand how sleep deprivation increases the susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. There are several explanations for greater susceptibility to infections after reduced sleep, such as impaired mitogenic proliferation of lymphocytes, decreased HLA-DR expression, the upregulation of CD14+, and variations in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which have been observed during partial sleep deprivation. Also, steroid hormones, in addition to regulating sexual behavior, influence sleep. Thus, we hypothesize that sleep and the immune-endocrine system have a bidirectional relationship in governing various physiological processes, including immunity to infections. This review discusses the evidence on the bidirectional effects of the immune response against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections on sleep patterns and how the lack of sleep affects the immune response against such agents. Because sleep is essential in the maintenance of homeostasis, these situations must be adapted to elicit changes in sleep patterns and other physiological parameters during the immune response to infections to which the organism is continuously exposed.

scholarly journals Bscl2 Deficiency Does Not Directly Impair the Innate Immune Response in a Murine Model of Generalized Lipodystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Ahlima Roumane ◽  
George D. Mcilroy ◽  
Arda Balci ◽  
Weiping Han ◽  
Mirela Delibegović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Myeloid Lineage ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection

Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy type 2 (CGL2) is the most severe form of lipodystrophy and is caused by mutations in the BSCL2 gene. Affected patients exhibit a near complete lack of adipose tissue and suffer severe metabolic disease. A recent study identified infection as a major cause of death in CGL2 patients, leading us to examine whether Bscl2 loss could directly affect the innate immune response. We generated a novel mouse model selectively lacking Bscl2 in the myeloid lineage (LysM-B2KO) and also examined the function of bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) isolated from global Bscl2 knockout (SKO) mice. LysM-B2KO mice failed to develop lipodystrophy and metabolic disease, providing a model to study the direct role of Bscl2 in myeloid lineage cells. Lipopolysaccharide-mediated stimulation of inflammatory cytokines was not impaired in LysM-B2KO mice or in BMDM isolated from either LysM-B2KO or SKO mice. Additionally, intracellular fate and clearance of bacteria in SKO BMDM challenged with Staphylococcus aureus was indistinguishable from that in BMDM isolated from littermate controls. Overall, our findings reveal that selective Bscl2 deficiency in macrophages does not critically impact the innate immune response to infection. Instead, an increased susceptibility to infection in CGL2 patients is likely to result from severe metabolic disease.

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