Value-added derivatives of soda lignin from alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima). I. Modification and characterization

AbstractWheat straw soda lignin was subjected to thermochemical (TC) pretreatment at low to moderate temperatures followed by electrooxidation (EO) on an SS-304 anode to produce some value-added organic chemicals. The influence of independent process variables on the product yield of major organic chemical groups, namely, aromatic carbonyl compounds (COarom), aromatic hydrocarbons (HCarom), and aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCaliph), was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process conditions for maximizing the amount of chemical production according to the Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). For COarom, the optimal conditions were 2 h TC pretreatment at 200°C followed by 12 h of EO at 2.24 mA cm−2current density to yield 24.7% of desired products. The optimized synthesis conditions for HCaromare 2 h TC treatment at 200°C yielding 16.1% desired products. As individual compounds, vanillin, acetosyringone, syringaldehyde, acetovanillone,o-xylene and toluene were significantly produced in different product groups. A small amount of organosilicon compounds (ORGSi) and HCaliphwas also produced.

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Biosynthesis of Commodity Chemicals From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Lignin

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.663642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tat-Ming Lo ◽

In Young Hwang ◽

Han-Saem Cho ◽

Raissa Eka Fedora ◽

Si Hui Chng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Levulinic Acid ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Value Added ◽

One Pot ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Commodity Chemicals ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Derivatives Of

Lignin is one of the most abundant natural resources that can be exploited for the bioproduction of value-added commodity chemicals. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs), byproducts of palm oil production, are abundant lignocellulosic biomass but largely used for energy and regarded as waste. Pretreatment of OPEFB lignin can yield a mixture of aromatic compounds that can potentially serve as substrates to produce commercially important chemicals. However, separation of the mixture into desired individual substrates is required, which involves expensive steps that undermine the utility of OPEFB lignin. Here, we report successful engineering of microbial hosts that can directly utilize heterogeneous mixtures derived from OPEFB lignin to produce commodity chemicals, adipic acid and levulinic acid. Furthermore, the corresponding bioconversion pathway was placed under a genetic controller to autonomously activate the conversion process as the cells are fed with a depolymerized OPEFB lignin mixture. This study demonstrates a simple, one-pot biosynthesis approach that directly utilizes derivatives of agricultural waste to produce commodity chemicals.

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VALUE AT RISK AS A TOOL FOR ECONOMIC-MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING IN THE PROCESS OF TRADING IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET

Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum ◽

10.26552/ems.2021.2.13-26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 13-26

Author(s):

Mariana Dimitrova ◽

Laurenţiu-Mihai Treapăt ◽

Irina Tulyakova

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Financial Markets ◽

Value At Risk ◽

Regression Models ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Value Added ◽

Managerial Decision ◽

Significance Levels ◽

Mathematical Formulas ◽

Derivatives Of

Research background: Risk is an integral part of the world of financial markets today. One of the best known and widespread methods of quantifying the risk of a securities portfolio is the concept of value at risk (VaR). The method quantifies the maximum possible loss of a securities portfolio for specific variables. We used the work of Carol Alexander as a basis for our contribution, whence we borrowed mathematical formulas and derivatives of normal linear VaR and VaR scaling. Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to design our own method of using the VaR calculation in the trading process and to practically verify the explanatory power of such calculation. To meet this goal, we used our own designed and adjusted formulas to calculate normal linear VaR and scaling VaR. Methods: The purpose of these adjusted formulas is to calculate specific levels of significance of specific scenarios of the course of trading positions, which represent the probability of their occurrence. Subsequently, we used regression analysis and constructed two regression models to verify that the significance levels themselves were significant variables, and that they could explain the variability of the explanatory variable to such an extent that they could be considered as strong predictors in the trading process. Findings & Value added: Based on such research, we find that the resulting levels of significance of our proposed VaR calculation formulas are significant. Based on the compiled regression models, we also find that the dependence we identified is a strong one and can therefore be considered as systematic. Nevertheless, the materiality levels could explain only a small proportion of the variability of the variable being explained, and therefore could not be considered as strong predictors and thus involved in the trading process itself.

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APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA ALAT PEMARUT KELAPA PADA PROSES PRODUKSI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) SKALA HOME INDUSTRY DI DESA BUMI WARAS, TELUK BETUNG SELATAN, BANDAR LAMPUNG

Sakai Sambayan Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.23960/jss.v3i2.131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Herti Utami

Keyword(s):

Coconut Oil ◽

Value Added ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

The Public ◽

Cutting Machine ◽

Higher Derivatives ◽

Coconut Product ◽

Derivative Products ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Selection Of

Coconut as a results farming is listed and abundant in the province Lampung, especially in Bandar Lampung. In Bandar Lampung, has vegetable sales community that stated in the Bumi Waras region, Teluk Betung Selatan County. One of the concerns of the vegetables sales community is a coconut results farmer. We take a vegetable sales community as a partner in this activity, because they have a lot of problems about coconut after sales. Coconut that not salable sold will be moldy and decaying in fast. There should be a way to overcome this problem by making a coconut likeness of the derivative products. The solution offered to overcome the problems is right to the application of technology to process the oil into products were chosen in terms of coconut by virgin coconut oil (vco) using the tools for the coconut cutting process easier and more efficient. In such a manner as there will be increasing the levels of value added of coconut into a product with higher derivatives of the having the benefit of and higher selling values. By this activity involved in marketing devotion is also arranging training on any process affecting the production the virgin coconut oil (vco) on the home industry scale. The selection of products VCO is because the easy to process and small capital, so will not burdensome to the public to go into business. With the assistance of the coconut cutting machine raising revenue among traders because the device is versatile and it could also be used to help the VCO production process. A method of the activities that would be used in their business over the devotion this is the method involving a partner or members of the population, especially a vegetable sales in their activities to get as a whole. The implementation of this activity in addition the results showed in the form of a cutting machine of the coconut from which equipped with a motor with a fuel and other equipment to press coconut to get coconut milk also needs to be undertaken a rise in their ability and knowledge partner or a member of community of a vegetable sales through training coconut product development in this case the practice of making VCO including the packaging commercially. The goals of this training were to the ability of making a product VCO can be to raise the income of in the programs as well.

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Recent Advances in the Application of Functionalized Lignin in Value-Added Polymeric Materials

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12102277 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2277 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yun-Yan Wang ◽

Xianzhi Meng ◽

Yunqiao Pu ◽

Arthur J. Ragauskas

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Low Cost ◽

Value Added ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Intermolecular Forces ◽

Native Form ◽

Thermoset Resins ◽

Soda Lignin ◽

Technical Lignins

The quest for converting lignin into high-value products has been continuously pursued in the past few decades. In its native form, lignin is a group of heterogeneous polymers comprised of phenylpropanoids. The major commercial lignin streams, including Kraft lignin, lignosulfonates, soda lignin and organosolv lignin, are produced from industrial processes including the paper and pulping industry and emerging lignocellulosic biorefineries. Although lignin has been viewed as a low-cost and renewable feedstock to replace petroleum-based materials, its utilization in polymeric materials has been suppressed due to the low reactivity and inherent physicochemical properties of lignin. Hence, various lignin modification strategies have been developed to overcome these problems. Herein, we review recent progress made in the utilization of functionalized lignins in commodity polymers including thermoset resins, blends/composites, grafted functionalized copolymers and carbon fiber precursors. In the synthesis of thermoset resins such as polyurethane, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy, they are covalently incorporated into the polymer matrix, and the discussion is focused on chemical modifications improving the reactivity of technical lignins. In blends/composites, functionalization of technical lignins is based upon tuning the intermolecular forces between polymer components. In addition, grafted functional polymers have expanded the utilization of lignin-based copolymers to biomedical materials and value-added additives. Different modification approaches have also been applied to facilitate the application of lignin as carbon fiber precursors, heavy metal adsorbents and nanoparticles. These emerging fields will create new opportunities in cost-effectively integrating the lignin valorization into lignocellulosic biorefineries.

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Algae-Derived Bioactive Compounds with Anti-Lung Cancer Potential

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18040197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Imen Saadaoui ◽

Rihab Rasheed ◽

Nabeel Abdulrahman ◽

Touria Bounnit ◽

Maroua Cherif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Large Scale ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Value Added ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Promising Source ◽

Derivatives Of

Lung cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Natural molecules with anti-lung cancer potential are of a great interest and considered as very promising alternative to substitute or enhance the efficiency of the conventional drugs. Recently, algae as source of high value-added compounds are considered as very promising source of these bioactive molecules. These are secondary metabolites that consist mainly of derivatives of peptides, carbohydrates, and lipids with various structures. Accordingly, various mechanisms by which different algae molecules demonstrate attenuation of tumor angiogenesis were stated and discussed. The mode of action of the algae bioactives is closely related to their nature and chemical structure. Furthermore, this literature review considers the synergistic effect between microalgae bioactives and conventional drugs and discuss the economic feasibility of producing microalgae bioactives at large scale to conclude with some future perspectives related to algae-based drug discovery.

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Adding value to Alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima L.) soda lignin as phenolic resins 1. Lignin characterization

Polymer Degradation and Stability ◽

10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00022-8 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 259-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Samir Hattalli ◽

Ahmed Benaboura ◽

Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽

Aziz Nourmamode ◽

Alain Castellan

Keyword(s):

Stipa Tenacissima ◽

Phenolic Resins ◽

Soda Lignin

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High Value-Added Use of Citrus Industrial Wastes in Agriculture: Semisynthesis and Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus/Insecticidal Activities of Ester Derivatives of Limonin Modified in the B Ring

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (44) ◽

pp. 12241-12251

Author(s):

Xiaobo Huang ◽

Tianze Li ◽

Xijie Shan ◽

Rongfei Lu ◽

Meng Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Value Added ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Insecticidal Activities

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The Effect of Degradation of Soda Lignin Using Pd/SO42−/ZrO2 as a Catalyst: Improved Reactivity and Antioxidant Activity

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11071218 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shengming Zhang ◽

Guizhen Fang ◽

Haitao Chen ◽

Qian Lang

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Water Solution ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Value Added ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Methoxy Groups ◽

Zro2 Catalyst ◽

Soda Lignin

To the value-added application of the soda lignin by improving its reactivity and antioxidant activity, a self-made Pd/SO42−/ZrO2 catalyst was used to catalyze the degradation reaction of soda lignin. The catalyst was loaded with the palladium of 1.47 wt.% while retaining the super acidity of SO42−/ZrO2. The reaction condition was determined as follows: the dioxane-water solution was selected as the reaction solution, the addition amount of the catalyst was 5 wt.% of the soda lignin, the system was heated at 100 °C for 4 h under a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa. The reactivity of the catalyzed-soda lignin compared to the soda lignin before the reaction was significantly improved: the values of phenolic hydroxyl groups and total hydroxyl groups were increased by 35.3% and 97.1%, respectively, and the value of methoxy groups was decreased by 13%. Approximately 63.3% of the β-O-4 bonds were cleaved, which resulted in a reduction of the weight average molecular weight from 8200 g·mol−1 to 4900 g·mol−1. At the same time, the EC50 values of the catalyzed-soda lignin on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+ (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radicals scavenging were decreased by 20.6% and 32.6%, respectively, and the reducing power of catalyzed-soda lignin at the absorption value of 0.5 was increased by 10.5%. The Pd/SO42−/ZrO2 catalyst works by breaking the β-O-4 linkages and degrading the methoxy groups. The catalyzed-soda lignin exhibits the possibility of being used as the antioxidants, grafting precursors, adhesive additives, and raw materials for lignin/polymer composites.

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