scholarly journals Diversity patterns of ground beetles and understory vegetation in mature, secondary, and plantation forest regions of temperate northern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zou ◽  
Weiguo Sang ◽  
Shunzhong Wang ◽  
Eleanor Warren-Thomas ◽  
Yunhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern China ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Forest Regions

scholarly journals Chemotaxonomic Study in the Heartwood of Javanese Teak: Analysis of Quinones and Other Related Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Ganis Lukmandaru
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Study

Ethanol-benzene soluble extracts from the heartwood collected from 87 individual teak trees grown in the island of Java were analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The variations of quinones (tectoquinone, deoxylapachol, isodeoxylapachol, lapachol, tectol) and other components (palmitic acid, squalene, and two unknown compounds) were investigated for a chemotaxonomical study. There were wide variations in the contents of the constituents among individuals from three habitats, Purwakarta (plantation forest), Randublatung (plantation forest)  and  Gunungkidul (community forest)  regions. Cluster  and  discriminant analysis  results  showed  that  teak  trees  can  be  classified  into  three  clusters  based  on  the composition of quinones and squalene. Cluster I was distinguished by relatively high amount of squalene and low amount of quinones. In contrast, high amount of tectoquinone and low amount of squalene was observed in cluster III. Further, comparatively high amount of naphtaquinones (lapachol, deoxylapachol and its isomer) and tectol was found in cluster II. Based on geographical distribution, Purwakarta, Randublatung, and Gunungkidul regions mostly produce cluster II, I, and III type individuals, respectively.

scholarly journals Diversity patterns of ground-beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) along a gradient of land-use disturbance

2008 ◽  
Vol 124 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Martins da Silva ◽  
Carlos A.S. Aguiar ◽  
Jari Niemelä ◽  
José Paulo Sousa ◽  
Artur R.M. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Diversity Patterns

Altitudinal diversity patterns of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the forests of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zou ◽  
Weiguo Sang ◽  
Haicheng Zhou ◽  
Liya Huang ◽  
Jan Christoph Axmacher
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Diversity Patterns

scholarly journals A six-year grazing exclusion changed plant species diversity of a Stipa breviflora desert steppe community, northern China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Xinguo Yang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Naiping Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Steppe Community

Excluding grazers is one of most efficient ways to restore degraded grasslands in desert-steppe communities, but may negatively affect the recovery of plant species diversity. However, diversity differences between grazed and fenced grasslands in desert-steppe are poorly known. In a Stipa breviflora desert steppe community in Northern China, we established six plots to examine spatial patterns of plant species diversity under grazed and fenced conditions, respectively. We addressed three aspects of species diversity: (1) The logistic, exponential and power models were used to describe the species-area curve (SAR). Species richness, abundance and Shannon diversity values change differently with increasing sampling areas inside and outside of the fence. The best fitted model for SAR was the logistic model. Excluding grazers had a significant impact on the shape of SAR. (2) Variograms was applied to examine the spatial characteristics of plant species diversity. We found strong spatial autocorrelations in the diversity variables both inside and outside the fence. After grazing exclusion, the spatial heterogeneity decreased in species richness, increased in abundance and did not change in Shannon diversity. (3) We used variance partitioning to determine the relative contributions of spatial and environmental factors to plant species diversity patterns. Environmental factors explained the largest proportion of variation in species diversity, while spatial factors contributed little. Our results suggest that grazing enclosures decreased species diversity patterns and the spatial pattern of the S. breviflora desert steppe community was predictable.

scholarly journals Water Dynamics in the Understory of a Pine Plantation Forest After Variable Retention Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna V Bodo ◽  
M. Altaf Arain
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Canopy Transpiration ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Variable Retention Harvesting

Abstract Background: Variable Retention Harvesting (VRH) is a silvicultural technique applied to enhance forest growth, and restore forest stands to closely resemble their natural compositions. This study used sapflow and understory eddy covariance flux measurements to examine the impacts of four different VRH treatments on the dominant components of evapotranspiration including canopy transpiration and water flux from understory vegetation and soil. These VRH treatments were applied to an 83-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation forest in the Great Lakes region in Canada and included 55% aggregated crown retention (55A), 55% dispersed crown retention (55D), 33% aggregated crown retention (33A), 33% dispersed crown retention (33D) and unharvested control (CN) plot. Results: Study results showed a positive relationship between thinning intensity and the growth of understory vegetation, and hence enhanced evapotranspiration. The contribution to evapotranspiration from understory vegetation and soil was more pronounced in the dispersed thinning treatments, as compared to the aggregated. Overall, canopy transpiration contributed to 83% of total evapotranspiration in the un-thinned control plot and 55, 58, 30, and 23% for the 55A, 55D, 33A and 33D plots, respectively. The thinning or retention harvesting enhanced the water use efficiency in all treatments.Conclusion: Our results suggest VRH treatments that follow a dispersed harvesting pattern may provide the optimal balance between forest productivity and evapotranspiration or stand water use. Furthermore, a balance of contributions from both the canopy and successional understory vegetation and soil, as observed in the 55% retention harvesting treatment, may increase the resiliency of forest to climate change. These findings will help researchers, forest managers and decision-makers to improve their understanding of thinning impacts on water and carbon exchanges in forest ecosystems and adopt appropriate forest management practices to enhance their carbon sequestration capabilities, water use efficiency and resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Understory vegetation in natural and plantation forest ecosystem of Sarguja (C.G.), India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
M. K. Jhariya ◽  
D. K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Teak Plantation ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
And Function

Understory vegetation serves a special role in maintaining the structure and function of forest ecosystem as they strongly influence regeneration, seedling establishment, growth, nutrient cycling and thus the dynamics of the whole forest ecosystem. The present investigation is aimed to study the composition, structure and diversity of understory vegetation in natural forests and teak plantation of Sarguja forest division of Chhattisgarh. A total of 23 species comprising 5 shrubs and 18 herbs were recorded in natural forest while in teak plantation 3 shrub and 20 herb species were found. In natural forest a total of 4500 shrubs/ha and 8,32,000 herbs/ha were recorded while in plantation site it was 5500 shrubs/ha and 6,96,000 herbs/ha, respectively. In shrub layer the value of species diversity was 1.10 for teak plantation and 2.20 for natural forest. Simpson index was 0.23 for natural forest and 0.57 for teak plantation. The Margalef’s index of richness varied from 0.23-0.48, least in plantation site and peak in natural forest, Equitability index varied from 1.00 to 1.37, lowest in plantation site and higher in plantation site and β diversity was 1.20 in natural forest and 2.00 in plantation site. In case of herb layer the value of Shannon index, species richness and equitability values were higher in teak plantation while the Simpsons index and beta diversity were found more in natural forest.

scholarly journals Water Use by Chinese Pine Is Less Conservative but More Closely Regulated Than in Mongolian Scots Pine in a Plantation Forest, on Sandy Soil, in a Semi-Arid Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhong Dang ◽  
Xueli Zhang ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Mingyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Sap Flux Density ◽  
Chinese Pine ◽  
Dry Conditions

The diversity of plant water use patterns among species and ecosystems is a matter of widespread debate. In this study, Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis, CP) and Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, MP), which is co-exist in the shelterbelt plantations in the Horqin Sandyland in northern China, were chosen for comparison of water use traits by monitoring xylem sap flow alongside recordings of the associated environmental factors over four growing seasons. Continuous sap flux density measurements were converted into crown projected area transpiration intensity (Tr) and canopy stomatal conductance (Gs). The results indicated that MP showed a higher canopy transpiration intensity than in CP, with Tr daily means (±standard deviation) of 0.84 ± 0.36 and 0.79 ± 0.43 mm⋅d–1, respectively (p = 0.07). However, the inter-annual variability of daily Tr in MP was not significant, varying only approximately a 1.1-fold (p = 0.29), while inter-annual variation was significant for CP, with 1.24-fold variation (p < 0.01). In particular, the daily mean Tr value for CP was approximately 1.7-times higher than that of MP under favorable soil moisture conditions, with values for relative extractable soil water within the 0–1.0 m soil layer (REW) being above 0.4. However, as the soil dried out, the value of Tr for CP decreased more sharply, falling to only approximately 0.5-times the value for MP when REW fell to < 0.2. The stronger sensitivity of Tr and/or Gs to REW, together with the more sensitive response of Gs to VPD in CP, confirms that CP exhibits less conservation of soil water utilization but features a stronger ability to regulate water use. Compared with MP, CP can better adapt to the dry conditions associated with climate change.

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