scholarly journals Ecological genetics of Juglans nigra : Differences in early growth patterns of natural populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Onofrio ◽  
Gary Hawley ◽  
Laura P. Leites
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Juglans Nigra

scholarly journals The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen. IV. Components of genetic variation in a natural population of Drosophila mercatorum.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
H Hollocher ◽  
A R Templeton ◽  
R DeSalle ◽  
J S Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Drosophila Mercatorum ◽  
Y Chromosomes

Abstract Natural populations of Drosophila mercatorum are polymorphic for a phenotypic syndrome known as abnormal abdomen (aa). This syndrome is characterized by a slow-down in egg-to-adult developmental time, retention of juvenile abdominal cuticle in the adult, increased early female fecundity, and decreased adult longevity. Previous studies revealed that the expression of this syndrome in females is controlled by two closely linked X chromosomal elements: the occurrence of an R1 insert in a third or more of the X-linked 28S ribosomal genes (rDNA), and the failure of replicative selection favoring uninserted 28S genes in larval polytene tissues. The expression of this syndrome in males in a laboratory stock was associated with the deletion of the rDNA normally found on the Y chromosome. In this paper we quantify the levels of genetic variation for these three components in a natural population of Drosophila mercatorum found near Kamuela, Hawaii. Extensive variation is found in the natural population for both of the X-linked components. Moreover, there is a significant association between variation in the proportion of R1 inserted 28S genes with allelic variation at the underreplication (ur) locus such that both of the necessary components for aa expression in females tend to cosegregate in the natural population. Accordingly, these two closely linked X chromosomal elements are behaving as a supergene in the natural population. Because of this association, we do not believe the R1 insert to be actively transposing to an appreciable extent. The Y chromosomes extracted from nature are also polymorphic, with 16% of the Ys lacking the Y-specific rDNA marker. The absence of this marker is significantly associated with the expression of aa in males. Hence, all three of the major genetic determinants of the abnormal abdomen syndrome are polymorphic in this natural population.

Ecological Traits of the Eucalyptus L'hérit Subgenera Monocalyptus and Symphyomyrtus

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Noble
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Leaf Chemistry ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genus Eucalyptus

The genus Eucalyptus L'Hérit. dominates most of the forests and woodlands of Australia. Many stands consist of intimate mixtures of species from different subgenera. The ecological traits of the two largest subgenera, Symphyomyrtus and Monocalyptus, are reviewed. Consistent differences in herbivore and parasite damage to leaves; in water relations; in tolerance to waterlogging, flooding, salinity and frost; in nutrient usage; in response to Phytophthora cinnamorni; and in early growth patterns are described. These can be summarised as differences in leaf chemistry; in root morphology, chemistry and activity; and in early growth rates. It is suggested that the differences in the ecological traits, and especially in the early growth rate, may help explain the coexistence of closely related species of similar habits in eucalypt communities.

Biochemical events during germination and early growth of somatic embryos and seed of interior spruce (Picea glauca engelmanni complex)

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Cyr ◽  
F. B. Webster ◽  
D. R. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Storage Reserves

AbstractUtilization of lipid and protein storage reserves was examined during germination and early growth of somatic and excised seed embryos in vitro, and seed of interior spruce. High germination frequencies were recorded for somatic and excised seed embryos, and elongation of radicles and hypocotyls observed for both embryo types. Although elongation of the embryo types differed (i.e. somatic ≤ excised seed < seed), fresh weight gain was similar. Utilization of triglycerides in somatic embryos was more rapid than in excised seed and seed embryos, thus it appeared to be under embryo infuence. By contrast, depletion of storage proteins appeared to be influenced by the megagametophyte, with hydrolysis in somatic and excised seed embryos preceding that of the seed embryo by 2 days. Differential utilization of the storage reserves was temporally associated with differences in growth patterns of somatic and seed embryos. The evidence presented indicates that the in vitro germination medium does not entirely supplant the role of the megagametophyte during germination and early growth. The relevance of these results to artificial seed technology is discussed.

MINERAL NUTRITION OF CACAO (THEOBROMA CACAO L.).COMPARISON OF PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF LEAVES OF SIX C.R.I. VARIETIES GROWN IN OPTIMUM AND DEFICIENT CONDITIONS IN SAND CULTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-689
Author(s):  
R. G. Lockard ◽  
E. J. A. Asomaning
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
West African ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Sand Cultures ◽  
Absorbing Roots

The early growth of six cacao varieties important in the breeding program of the Cocoa Research Institute was investigated in sand cultures supplied with optimum and deficient levels of plant nutrients. The varieties tested were the Amazon selections Nanay (Ny) and Parinari (Pa), West African Amelonado (A), and their hybrids, NyA, PaA, and NyPa. Varieties Ny, NyA, and NyPa had similar growth patterns and were the fastest growing; varieties PaA and Pa were similar and the next best; and A was the slowest growing. In the control solutions variety Pa was larger than variety A, but in all deficient nutrient treatments except the calcium-deficient one, the two varieties grew to equal size.Nutrient levels in the leaves did not vary greatly between varieties, and apparently were not correlated with plant growth. The larger, more vigorous varieties had a higher percentage of small lateral absorbing roots than did the less vigorous varieties.The Amazon varieties Ny and Pa grew significantly less in the potassium-deficient nutrient solution than did the Amelonado variety A when compared with their controls. In addition, the symptoms of potassium deficiency exhibited by the Amazon varieties were more severe than those of the Amelonado variety.

scholarly journals Growth of Mytilus galloprovincialis after the Prestige oil spill

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura G. Peteiro ◽  
José M.F. Babarro ◽  
Uxío Labarta ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raft Culture ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Prestige Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Exposure ◽  
The Prestige

Abstract Growth of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis using raft culture was investigated for the first cultured generation following the Prestige oil spill off northwestern Spain. Seed from three natural populations along the Galician coastline, Pindo, Miranda, and Redes, was transplanted to a raft culture system in Ría de Ares-Betanzos. The physiological and biochemical status of mussels at the onset of culture and the degree of oil exposure three months after the spill (February 2003) have been described already, but here growth patterns of three populations sampled monthly from seeding to thinning-out (March/August 2003) and from thinning-out to harvest (August 2003/February 2004) were assessed. Mussels from Pindo (the area most affected by the oil spill) showed significantly less growth by weight than the other populations, resulting in a lower yield at harvest. The percentage of mussels classified as “large” in the Pindo population at harvest was also significantly less than that of the other two mussel populations.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of early childhood growth phenotypes gives insights into their link with later obesity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maneka G. De Silva ◽  
Sylvain Sebert ◽  
Alexessander Couto Alves ◽  
Ulla Sovio ◽  
Shikta Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractEarly childhood growth patterns are associated with adult metabolic health, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We performed genome-wide meta-analyses and follow-up in up to 22,769 European children for six early growth phenotypes derived from longitudinal data: peak height and weight velocities, age and body mass index (BMI) at adiposity peak (AP ~9 months) and rebound (AR ~5-6 years). We identified four associated loci (P< 5x10−8): LEPR/LEPROT with BMI at AP, FTO and TFAP2B with Age at AR and GNPDA2 with BMI at AR. The observed AR-associated SNPs at FTO, TFAP2B and GNPDA2 represent known adult BMI-associated variants. The common BMI at AP associated variant at LEPR/LEPROT was not associated with adult BMI but was associated with LEPROT gene expression levels, especially in subcutaneous fat (P<2x10−51). We identify strong positive genetic correlations between early growth and later adiposity traits, and analysis of the full discovery stage results for Age at AR revealed enrichment for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling and apolipoprotein pathways. This genome-wide association study suggests mechanistic links between early childhood growth and adiposity in later childhood and adulthood, highlighting these early growth phenotypes as potential targets for the prevention of obesity.

scholarly journals Early Growth Patterns in Children with Autism

Epidemiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Surén ◽  
Camilla Stoltenberg ◽  
Michaeline Bresnahan ◽  
Deborah Hirtz ◽  
Kari Kveim Lie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns

Growth patterns in immature and mature western hemlock stands infected with dwarf mistletoe

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
R. B. Smith ◽  
R. I. Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Infected Tree ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Growth Loss

Growth patterns of western hemlock, Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. infected with dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobiumtsugense (Rosendahl) G. N. Jones, were studied by stem analysis. The volume increment versus age relationships of average trees were used to project growth and evaluate volume losses. Based on a particular assumption of growth loss ratios between infection classes, volume losses in moderately and severely infected trees by the age of 80 years were conservatively estimated at 15 and 25%, respectively, with respect to comparable healthy trees. As these estimates were based on projection of growth curves of average trees, confidence intervals were not calculated. Healthy trees selected from a different part of the stand generally exhibited patterns of establishment and early growth which differed from the infected trees to an extent which invalidated their use as controls for infected tree growth. Moderately infected trees were more comparable to severely infected trees from the same part of the stand. The variety of growth patterns within stands is discussed in relation to the use of the stand as a sampling unit.

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