Chronic restraint stress in adolescence differentially influences hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in male and female rats

Hippocampus ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1216-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy K. Barha ◽  
Susanne Brummelte ◽  
Stephanie E. Lieblich ◽  
Liisa A.M. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

DIVERGENT RESPONSES OF ARTERIOSCLEROTIC AND NON-ARTERIOSCLEROTIC RATS TO A CATABOLIC DOSE OF CORTISONE

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard C. Wexler ◽  
Jack Saroff
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

ABSTRACT Male and female rats bred repeatedly develop arteriosclerosis spontaneously. Current information indicates that stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in association with the active, repeated breeding may be responsible for the increased adrenocortical steroid production which would account for the abnormal lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism and arteriosclerosis observed in these animals. Arteriosclerotic breeder rats and non-arteriosclerotic virgin rats were given chronic injections of cortisone. The arteriosclerotic animals showed the most significant catabolic effects due to overdose with steroid, i. e., loss in body weight, disuse atrophy of the adrenal gland, reduced serum corticosterone levels, thymus gland involution, myocardial and renal changes. The excess glucocorticoid caused an acceleration of the usual pattern of development of the arterial disease and increased severity of the pre-existing arteriosclerosis. The excess endogenous steroid did not induce arterial damage in previously non-arteriosclerotic animals. It is believed that the increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in repeatedly bred rats conditions the arterial wall towards derangement of connective tissue ground substance and elements and the development of arteriosclerosis, i. e., a hormonal basis for the pathogenesis of this model of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Androgens Enhance Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Males but Not Females in an Age-Dependent Manner

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (9) ◽  
pp. 2128-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duarte-Guterman ◽  
Stephanie E Lieblich ◽  
Steven R Wainwright ◽  
Carmen Chow ◽  
Jessica A Chaiton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Age Dependent

Abstract Androgens (testosterone and DHT) increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis by increasing survival of new neurons in male rats and mice via an androgen receptor pathway, but it is not known whether androgens regulate neurogenesis in female rats and whether the effect is age-dependent. We investigated the effects of DHT, a potent androgen, on neurogenesis in young adult and middle-aged male and female rats. Rats were gonadectomized and injected with the DNA synthesis marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). The following day, rats began receiving daily injections of oil or DHT for 30 days. We evaluated cell proliferation (Ki67) and survival of new neurons (BrdU and BrdU/NeuN) in the hippocampus of male and female rats by using immunohistochemistry. As expected, DHT increased the number of BrdU+ cells in young males but surprisingly not in middle-aged males or in young and middle-aged females. In middle age, DHT increased the proportion of BrdU/NeuN cells, an effect driven by females. Androgen receptor expression also increased with aging in both female and male rats, which may contribute to a lack of DHT neurogenic effect in middle age. Our results indicate that DHT regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a sex- and age-dependent manner.

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