scholarly journals Crystal structure prediction of flexible molecules using parallel genetic algorithms with a standard force field

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1973-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonah Kim ◽  
Anita M. Orendt ◽  
Marta B. Ferraro ◽  
Julio C. Facelli
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Crystal Structure Prediction ◽  
Flexible Molecules ◽  
Parallel Genetic Algorithms

scholarly journals Report on the sixth blind test of organic crystal structure prediction methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Reilly ◽  
Richard I. Cooper ◽  
Claire S. Adjiman ◽  
Saswata Bhattacharya ◽  
A. Daniel Boese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Organic Crystal ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Crystal Structure Prediction ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Flexible Molecules

The sixth blind test of organic crystal structure prediction (CSP) methods has been held, with five target systems: a small nearly rigid molecule, a polymorphic former drug candidate, a chloride salt hydrate, a co-crystal and a bulky flexible molecule. This blind test has seen substantial growth in the number of participants, with the broad range of prediction methods giving a unique insight into the state of the art in the field. Significant progress has been seen in treating flexible molecules, usage of hierarchical approaches to ranking structures, the application of density-functional approximations, and the establishment of new workflows and `best practices' for performing CSP calculations. All of the targets, apart from a single potentially disorderedZ′ = 2 polymorph of the drug candidate, were predicted by at least one submission. Despite many remaining challenges, it is clear that CSP methods are becoming more applicable to a wider range of real systems, including salts, hydrates and larger flexible molecules. The results also highlight the potential for CSP calculations to complement and augment experimental studies of organic solid forms.

scholarly journals Comparing hypothetical structures generated in the third Cambridge blind test of crystal structure prediction

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouke P. van Eijck
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Crystal Structure Prediction ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
True Energy

In the third Cambridge blind test of crystal structure prediction, participants submitted extended lists of up to 100 hypothetical structures. In this paper these lists are analyzed for the two small semi-rigid molecules, hydantoin and azetidine, by performing a new energy minimization using an accurate force field, and grouping these newly minimized structures into clusters of equivalent structures. Many participants found the same low-energy structures, but no list appeared to be complete even for the structures with one independent molecule in the asymmetric unit. This may well be due to the fact that a cutoff at even 100 structures cannot ensure the presence of a structure that has a relatively high ranking in another force field. Moreover, some structures should have possibly been discarded because they correspond to transition states rather than true energy minima. The r.m.s. deviation between energies in corresponding clusters was calculated to compare the reported relative crystal energies for each pair of participants. Some groups of force fields show a reasonably good correspondence, yet the order of magnitude of their discrepancies is comparable to the energy differences between, say, the first ten structures of lowest energy. Therefore, even if we assume that energy is a sufficient criterion, it is not surprising that crystal structure predictions are still inconsistent and unreliable.

Modelling the crystal structure of the 2-hydronitronylnitroxide radical (HNN): observed and computer-generated polymorphs

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Filippini ◽  
A. Gavezzotti ◽  
J. J. Novoa
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Crystal Structure Prediction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Narrow Energy Range ◽  
Coulomb Type ◽  
Atomic Coordinates ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

The crystal structures of two polymorphs of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl 3-oxide (the 2-hydronitronylnitroxide radical, HNN) are analyzed by packing energy criteria. Other unobserved polymorphic crystal structures are generated using a polymorph predictor package and three different force fields, one of which is without explicit Coulomb-type terms. The relative importance of several structural motifs (hydrogen-bonded dimers, shape-interlocking dimers or extended hydrogen-bonded chains) is discussed. As usual, many crystal structures within a narrow energy range are generated by the polymorph predictor, confirming that ab initio crystal-structure prediction is still problematic. Comparisons of powder patterns generated from the atomic coordinates of the X-ray structure and from computational crystal structures confirm that although the energy ranking depends on the force field used, the X-ray structure of the \alpha polymorph was found to be among the most stable ones produced by the polymorph predictor, even using the chargeless force field.

scholarly journals Validation of a search technique for crystal structure prediction of flexible molecules by application to piracetam

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriott Nowell ◽  
Sarah L. Price
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Crystal Structure Prediction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Flexible Molecules

A new approach to the crystal structure prediction of flexible molecules is presented. It is applied to piracetam, whose conformational polymorphs exhibit a variety of hydrogen-bond motifs but lack the intramolecular hydrogen bond found in the gas-phase ab initio optimized conformer. Stable crystal packing can result when favourable intermolecular interactions are made possible when the molecule distorts from the gas-phase conformation. If the resulting intermolecular lattice energy is sufficiently favourable to compensate for the intramolecular energy penalty associated with the suboptimal gas-phase conformation, then the crystal structure may be experimentally feasible. The new approach involves searching for low-energy crystal structures using a large number of rigid conformers, firstly to systematically explore which regions of conformational space could give rise to low-energy hydrogen-bonded crystal structures, and then to refine the search using crystallographic insight to optimize particular intermolecular interactions. The timely discovery of a new polymorph (form IV) by an independent experimental team allowed this approach to be validated by way of a `blind test' of crystal structure prediction. Form IV was successfully identified as the most favourable computed crystal structure with a conformation very distinct from that in the previously known polymorphs.

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