scholarly journals Directional topography gradients drive optimum alignment and differentiation of human myoblasts

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2234-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Almonacid Suarez ◽  
Qihui Zhou ◽  
Patrick Rijn ◽  
Martin C. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Alignment

The Concept of the Optimum Alignment of Discharge Pipelines Due to the Minimization of the Wave Forces

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
A. Akyarli ◽  
Y. Arisoy
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Incoming Wave ◽  
Pipeline Route ◽  
Optimum Alignment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Resultant Wave

As the wave forces are the function of the wave height, period and the angle between the incoming wave direction and the axis of the discharge pipeline, the resultant wave force is directly related to the alignment of the pipeline. In this paper, a method is explained to determine an optimum pipeline route for which the resultant wave force becomes minimum and hence, the cost of the constructive measures may decrease. Also, the application of this method is submitted through a case study.

The Optimum Alignment of Marine Shafting

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
Ronald T. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
The United States ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Shaft System ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
Optimum Alignment

Alignment of marine shafting generally implies a judicious misalignment of the supporting bearings in order to achieve acceptable values of bearing reactions and shaft stresses. To achieve a true optimum it is necessary to describe quantitatively the desirable features of an alignment, and a combined technical/economic basis for this description is presented. The result is a well-defined problem that is solved by mathematical optimization methods. Results of the procedure are illustrated by alignment plans derived for, and adopted by, ships recently built in the United States and abroad. The practical realization of an alignment plan is discussed and means of speeding up the implementation process are proposed. Improvements in the elastic representation of the shaft system are described and the question of hydrodynamic support in journal bearings is considered. Discussers: Technical Staff, ABSP. F. Nuclo C. L. Stahly

Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of a Micromirror for Laser-to-Fiber Active Alignment Using Bimorphs With Breakable Tethers

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Kitagawa ◽  
David J. Boteler ◽  
Yung-Cheng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
Optimum Alignment

We will present a novel micromirror design in which tethered bimorph strips are used for mirror active alignment including beam steering and position fixing. A micromirror is attached to bimorphs that are pre-stressed at room temperature. A series of tethers link the bimorphs to the substrate to restrain their deformation. Breaking a tether by Joule heating allows the deformation of the bimorph to increase, changing the mirror position and orientation for precision alignment. With a large number of tethers, an optimum alignment can be achieved after breaking a selected group of tethers. We also report the experimental results of devices fabricated.

scholarly journals Refining pairwise sequence alignments of membrane proteins by the incorporation of anchors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0239881
Author(s):  
René Staritzbichler ◽  
Edoardo Sarti ◽  
Emily Yaklich ◽  
Antoniya Aleksandrova ◽  
Marcus Stamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Pairwise Sequence Alignment ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Alignment Procedure ◽  
Alignment Tool ◽  
Hydrophobic Amino Acids ◽  
Optimum Alignment

The alignment of primary sequences is a fundamental step in the analysis of protein structure, function, and evolution, and in the generation of homology-based models. Integral membrane proteins pose a significant challenge for such sequence alignment approaches, because their evolutionary relationships can be very remote, and because a high content of hydrophobic amino acids reduces their complexity. Frequently, biochemical or biophysical data is available that informs the optimum alignment, for example, indicating specific positions that share common functional or structural roles. Currently, if those positions are not correctly matched by a standard pairwise sequence alignment procedure, the incorporation of such information into the alignment is typically addressed in an ad hoc manner, with manual adjustments. However, such modifications are problematic because they reduce the robustness and reproducibility of the aligned regions either side of the newly matched positions. Previous studies have introduced restraints as a means to impose the matching of positions during sequence alignments, originally in the context of genome assembly. Here we introduce position restraints, or “anchors” as a feature in our alignment tool AlignMe, providing an aid to pairwise global sequence alignment of alpha-helical membrane proteins. Applying this approach to realistic scenarios involving distantly-related and low complexity sequences, we illustrate how the addition of anchors can be used to modify alignments, while still maintaining the reproducibility and rigor of the rest of the alignment. Anchored alignments can be generated using the online version of AlignMe available at www.bioinfo.mpg.de/AlignMe/.

scholarly journals Refining pairwise sequence alignments of membrane proteins by the incorporation of anchors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Staritzbichler ◽  
Edoardo Sarti ◽  
Emily Yaklich ◽  
Antoniya Aleksandrova ◽  
Markus Stamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Pairwise Alignment ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Pairwise Sequence Alignment ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Alignment Procedure ◽  
Alignment Tool ◽  
Optimum Alignment

AbstractThe alignment of primary sequences is a fundamental step in the analysis of protein structure, function, and evolution. Integral membrane proteins pose a significant challenge for such sequence alignment approaches, because their evolutionary relationships can be very remote, and because a high content of hydrophobic amino acids reduces their complexity. Frequently, biochemical or biophysical data is available that informs the optimum alignment, for example, indicating specific positions that share common functional or structural roles. Currently, if those positions are not correctly aligned by a standard pairwise alignment procedure, the incorporation of such information into the alignment is typically addressed in an ad hoc manner, with manual adjustments. However, such modifications are problematic because they reduce the robustness and reproducibility of the alignment. An alternative approach is the use of restraints, or anchors, to incorporate such position-matching explicitly during alignment. Here we introduce position anchoring in the alignment tool AlignMe as an aid to pairwise sequence alignment of membrane proteins. Applying this approach to realistic scenarios involving distantly-related and low complexity sequences, we illustrate how the addition of even a single anchor can dramatically improve the accuracy of the alignments, while maintaining the reproducibility and rigor of the overall alignment.

Comparative Study on Mechanical Properties of GMA Welded IRSM41 Mild Steel Plate Based on Grain Flow Direction

2016 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
R. Megavarnan ◽  
G. Rajamurugan ◽  
R. Shanmuga Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Maximum Principal Stress ◽  
Moving Crack ◽  
Crack Propagation Direction ◽  
Grain Flow ◽  
Flow Directions ◽  
Optimum Alignment ◽  
Joining Process

The purpose of this work was to study the mechanical properties of GMAW welded IRSM41 material based on the grain flow directions. It is a joining process that fuses the base metal to make the weld. The results were analyzed by means of the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, bend test, microstructure and hardness was carried out for both along and across the grain flow direction of the weldments. The important implication about grain flow is that some mechanical properties vary with respect to orientation of the grain flow. The strength and hardness are primarily varied based on the grain flow direction. The desirable properties associated with retarding crack propagation can see significant differences depending on the grain flow and the direction of the moving crack. So, properties like fatigue strength, impact toughness and ductility, which are measures of a material’s resistance to cracking (measured after fracture), can be significantly improved if the crack propagation direction and the grain flow are properly aligned. The optimum alignment occurs when the maximum principal stress (perpendicular to a potential crack or fracture) is aligned with the grain-flow lines. On testing the mechanical properties, it reveals that along the grain flow direction has 13.5% higher than the across the grain flow direction.

Organic–inorganic hybrid photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 337-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Il Won ◽  
Jong-Su Lee ◽  
Ha-Yeon Cheong ◽  
Minji Cho ◽  
Won-Jo Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Flat Band ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Added Water ◽  
Optimum Alignment

Efficient hybrid photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction were developed from dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles and their catalytic performance was optimized by ternary organic/inorganic components. Thus, the hybrid system consists of (E)-2-cyano-3-(5′-(5′′-(p-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2′′-yl)thiophen-2′-yl)-acrylic acid as a sensitizer and fac-[Re(4,4′-bis(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine)(CO)3Cl] as a reduction catalyst (ReP), both of which have been fixed onto TiO2 semiconductors (s-TiO2, h-TiO2, d-TiO2). Mott–Schottky analysis on flat-band potential (Efb) of TiO2 mesoporous films has verified that Efb can be finely modulated by volume variation of water (0 to 20 vol%). The increase of added water resulted in substantial positive shifts of Efb from −1.93 V at 0 vol% H2O, to −1.74 V (3 vol% H2O), to −1.56 V (10 vol% H2O), and to −1.47 V (20 vol% H2O). As a result, with addition of 3–10 vol% water in the photocatalytic reaction, conversion efficiency of CO2 to CO increased significantly reaching a TON value of ∼350 for 30 h. Catalytic activity enhancement is mainly attributed to (1) the optimum alignment of Efb by 3–10 vol% water with respect to the of the dye and Ered of ReP for smooth electron transfer from photo-excited dye to RePvia the TiO2 semiconductor and (2) the water-induced acceleration of chemical processes on the fixed ReP. In addition, the energy level was further tuned by variation of the dye and ReP amounts. We also found that the intrinsic properties of TiO2 sources (morphology, size, agglomeration) exert a great influence on the overall photocatalytic activity of this hybrid system. Implications of the present observations and reaction mechanisms are discussed in detail.

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