From India: Commentary and a Perspective of Coal as a Primary Energy Source and Atmospheric Interactions of Pollutants Causing Acid Rain

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Mrinal K. Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Interactions

Enabling Batteryless Wearable Devices by Transferring Power Through The Human Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Rishi Shukla ◽  
Neev Kiran ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jeremy Gummeson ◽  
Sunghoon Ivan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Barrier

Over the past few decades, we have witnessed tremendous advancements in semiconductor and MEMS technologies, leading to the proliferation of ultra-miniaturized and ultra-low-power (in micro-watt ranges) wearable devices for wellness and healthcare [1]. Most of these wearable sensors are battery powered for their operation. The use of an on-device battery as the primary energy source poses a number of challenges that serve as the key barrier to the development of novel wearable applications and the widespread use of numerous, seamless wearable sensors [5].

Hibridno napajanje telekomunikacione i merne opreme daljinskih mernih stanica u sistemima zaštite od poplava

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Željko Despotović ◽  
◽  
Marko Tajdić ◽  
Jovan Kon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Measuring Station ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Telecommunication Equipment ◽  
Battery Bank ◽  
Flood Protection System

The paper will present the implementation of a hybrid power supply for telecommunication and corresponding measuring equipment of remote measuring stations, which are an integral part of the flood protection system. Solar power is the primary energy source during the day, while in night conditions it is actually used as a distribution network (which also supplies street lighting). The power system is implemented with two controlled MPPT chargers (mains and solar), 12V / 110Ah battery bank and associated monitoring system. The paper will present key experimental results obtained during the release of a concrete realized measuring station and associated telecommunication equipment, on the Ub River, Ub Municipality.

scholarly journals Utilizing Sewage Wastewater Heat in District Heating Systems in Serbia - Effects on Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Živković ◽  
Dejan Ivezic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Transformation of the heating sector is recognized as being essential for ensuring reliable and affordable energy services provided with reduced consumption of energy sources, diminished impact on the environment and less import dependency. The possibility of utilizing energy sources that otherwise would be wasted needs to be considered and treated as a big advantage of district heating systems. Despite many advantages, sewage wastewater heat is still a mostly unused resource at the global level and a totally unused energy source in Serbia, while data about the potential of this energy source are lacking. This research proposes a methodology for the determination of the technical potential of waste heat from wastewater treatment facilities for use in district heating systems by heat pump application. Data from existing wastewater treatment facilities are used for providing data for replication in cities without wastewater treatment plants but with district heating systems. An estimation of the recoverable heat energy potential of wastewater is used for evaluation of some effects that could be obtained through its full utilization for heat production in the existing district heating systems. Three groups of indicators are selected for analysis focusing on district heating systems' energy performance (primary energy factor, specific heat consumption per degree day and heating area), the security of energy supply (import dependency, Shannon Wiener diversification index, the share of renewables) and environmental impact (carbon dioxide emission coefficient). Values of the selected indicators are determined for the current state of district heating systems and for the possible future state that could be achieved after full utilization of sewage wastewater potential. The proposed methodology is applied to Serbia, as a case study. It has been shown that all analyzed indicators for the projected future would have more preferable values compared to the values that correspond to the current state of the district heating systems. The use of this renewable energy source should provide primary energy savings of 5% per year, reduction of carbon dioxide emission of 6.5% per year, reduction of import dependency of DH systems of 9.8% and improved diversification of energy sources of 21%.

Measuring Graphitic Carbon and Crystalline Minerals in Coals and Bottom Ashes

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Wertz ◽  
Leo W. Collins ◽  
Franz Froelicher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Atom Pair ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash

AbstractThe use of coal, as either a primary energy source or as a source of feedstock chemicals, has been complicated by the noxious and toxic chemical species formed in its gaseous effluents and also by the huge quantities of ash vhich result from its processing. Both the noxious gases and the ash have been the subjects of Federal legislations.X-ray powder patterns (XRPP), composed of atom-pair and self x~ray scattering and the diffraction produced by crystalline phases, have long been used to investigate coals and particularly their combustion ashes (1-3). Over twenty different crystalline phases have recently been reported to exist in certain lignite fly ash (3). Analysis of the crystalline phases has typically been emphasized in previous papers involving coals and ashes, but the amorphous scattering has been given little treatment.

Ultra compact high power primary energy source

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqun Chen ◽  
Jiande Zhang ◽  
Tianyang Zhang ◽  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Da Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
High Power ◽  
Primary Energy

The History and Politics of Energy Transitions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Sovacool
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
Long Time

According to some definitions, an energy transition refers to the time that elapses between the introduction of a new primary energy source, or prime mover, and its rise to claiming a substantial share of the overall energy market. According to one academic view, energy transitions take an incredibly long time to occur. Another view argues the opposite. It suggests that there have been many transitions at varying scales that have occurred quite quickly—that is, between a few years and a decade or so, or within a single generation. This chapter holds that both sides are partly right, and partly wrong. After presenting evidence in support of either thesis, it elucidates four lessons for energy analysts and policymakers.

scholarly journals ENERGY SYSTEMS EFFICIENCY INFLUENCES THE RESULTS OF 2,000 M RACE SIMULATION AMONG ELITE ROWERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Adrian Martin ◽  
Valeriu Tomescu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Elite Rowers

Hypothesis. Energy efficiency within an elite group of athletes will ensure metabolic adaptation during training.Objectives. To identify energy system efficiency and contribution according to exercise intensity, and performance obtained during a 2,000 m race simulation in an elite group of rowers.Method. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2016 in Bucharest, Romania, on a group of 16 elite rowers. Measurements were performed through Cosmed Quark CPET equipment, and Concept 2 ergometer, by conducting a VO2max test over a standard rowing distance of 2,000 m. The analyzed parameters during the test were: HR (bpm), Rf (b/min), VE (l/min), VO2 (ml/min), VCO2 (ml/min), VT (l), O2exp (ml), CO2exp (ml), RER, PaCO2 (mmHg), PaO2 (mmHg), Kcal/min, FAT (g), CHO (g), from which we determined the ventilatory thresholds, and the energy resource used during the specific 2,000 m rowing distance (ATP, ATP+CP, muscle glycogen).Results. We performed an association between HR (180.2±4.80 b/min), and carbohydrate consumption during the sustained effort (41.55±3.99 g) towards determining the energy systems involved: ATP (3.49±1.55%), ATP+CP (18.06±2.99%), muscle glycogen (77.9±3.39%). As a result, completion time (366.3±10.25 s) was significantly correlated with both Rf (p=0.0024), and VO2 (p=0.0166) being also pointed out that ≥5 l VO2 value is associated with an effort time of ≤360 s. (p=0.040, RR=3.50, CI95%=1.02 to 11.96). Thus, the average activation time among muscle ATP (12.81±5.70 s), ATP+CP (66.04±10.17 s, and muscle glycogen (295±9.5 s) are interrelated, and significantly correlated with respiratory parameters.Conclusions. Decreased total activity time was associated with accessing primary energy source in less time, during effort, improving the body energy power. Its effectiveness was recorded by early carbohydrates access, as a primary energy source, during specific activity performed up to 366 seconds.

Energy Integration Methodology for the Dairy Industry Through the Implementation of a Cogeneration System Assessed by Pinch Technology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilman Orozco L. ◽  
Antonio Bula S. ◽  
Fabio Bermejo A.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Pinch Technology ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Energy Saving Technology

The Pinch energy saving technology is an appropriate technology to design and optimize cogeneration processes. This research achieved the development of a cogeneration methodology for an enterprise from the dairy industry with an energy characterization; a viable energy source is coupled to heat exchanger equipment, which will be evaluated by technology Pinch and obtain efficient use of heat and subsequent use. According to the methodology designed, conventional system handles an energy efficiency of about 37% and cogeneration system proposed 80.1%; in primary energy consumption (natural gas) this is reduced by 30% with a reduced cost of 50%kWh.

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