Blood Cross Flow Filtration Through Artificial Membranes

1995 ◽  
pp. 199-226
Author(s):  
M. Y. Jaffrin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Flow ◽  
Artificial Membranes ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration

Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Used in Algal High Rate Oxidation Pond Treatment of Saline Organic Effluents with the Recovery of Products of Value

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Rose ◽  
B. A. Maart ◽  
T. D. Phillips ◽  
S. L. Tucker ◽  
A. K. Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Algal Biotechnology ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration

An algal high rate oxidation ponding process for treating organic s present in saline effluents has been described. The extreme halophile Dunaliella salina can be made to predominate in the system by manipulating salinity, producing products of value together with a waste treatment function. Application in treating tannery saline organic wastes was examined. Techniques appropriate for the harvesting of micro-algae from this and other algal production systems presents a limiting factor in the development of algal biotechnology. Cross-flow filtration was evaluated as a technique for micro-algal cell separation. Both microfiltration and ultrafiltration were found to produce effective algal removal from the medium, Cross-flow ultrafiltration with a polyethersulfone coated tubular filter produced effective separation with the production of cell concentrates in a viable condition. Flux rates of 30 - 40 LMH fall within acceptable levels for application in industrial processes. Cell shattering observed with microfiltration precludes its use for recovering whole or viable cell concentrates.

Activated sludge treatment of small-scale wastewater by a plunging liquid jet bioreactor with cross-flow filtration

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Yamagiwa ◽  
Yoshikazu Ohmae ◽  
M. Hatta Dahlan ◽  
Akira Ohkawa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration

Ultrafiltration combined with ozone for domestic laundry wastewater reclamation and reuse

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Seo ◽  
T.S. Lee ◽  
B.H. Moon ◽  
J.H. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Filtration Area ◽  
Injection Interval ◽  
Flow Filtration ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Ozone Injection

Ozone was incorporated into an ultrafiltration system to produce higher quality reclaimed water from domestic laundry wastewater. Characteristics of the wastewater for initial washing waste were 488~2,847 mg/L COD, 62~674 mg/L MBAS, and 38~857 mg/L SS. The wastewater was contacted with ozone in a 10L storage tank and circulated through the membrane module for inner pressurized cross-flow filtration. The concentrate was returned back to the contact tank. The membrane used in this experiment was hollow fiber polysulfone UF membrane with MWCO 5,000 and 10,000. It has an effective filtration area of 0.06m2. The experiment was carried out in two phases with either continuous or intermittent ozone injection. For intermittent ozone injection, the mode of injection interval was changed to 5 min./5 min. and 5 min./10 min. for injection/idling. Ozone was dosed at the concentration of 1.5 mg/L. The permeate quality of UF (MWCO 5,000) was 57 mg/L as COD and 5 mg/L as MBAS at continuous ozone injection with removal of 95% in COD and 96.9% in MBAS. Using UF with MWCO 10,000, it was 93.7% and 95.5% of COD and MBAS, respectively. And using intermittent ozone injection, the removal efficiency was 93% in COD and 93.5% in MBAS without any deterioration in COD and MBAS removal. It could reduce the treatment cost. Using ozone injection, fouling of the membrane was also controlled by increasing organic degradation. The flux of UF (MWCO 5,000 and 10,000) was 0.13 and 0.20 m/d for 3 hour filtration (TMP 40≈45 kPa) without ozone injection. It was increased to 0.18 and 0.24m/d by ozone injection. The reclaimed water quality could be estimated well enough to reuse for rinsing purposes.

Gas sparged cross-flow microfiltration of biologically treated wastewater

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vera ◽  
S. Delgado ◽  
S. Elmaleh
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Mass Transport Process ◽  
Flow Filtration

A novel technique was tested for reducing tubular mineral membrane fouling by injecting gas into a cross-flow stream. The injected gas is thought to form complex hydrodynamic conditions inside the microfiltration module, which increase the wall shear stress, preventing the membrane fouling and enhancing the microfiltration mass transfer. The experimental study was carried out with biologically treated wastewater filtered through a tubular inorganic membrane (Carbosep M14). The flux, monotonously increasing with gas velocity, was more than tripled. New dimensionless quantities of shear stress number and resistance number were developed by generalisation of the dimensional analysis already carried out for the steady state flux of classical unsparged cross-flow filtration. A unique formalism allowed then interpreting the experimental results of both classical diphasic filtration and sparged filtration. The main limiting mass transport process was due to the solid content.

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