Darwinian Medicine: We Evolved to Require Continuing Contact with the Microbiota of the Natural Environment. Evolution Turns the Inevitable into a Necessity

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-364
Author(s):  
Graham A. W. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Darwinian Medicine ◽  
Environment Evolution

Random isn't real: How the patchy distribution of ecological rewards may generate “incentive hope”

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Symes ◽  
Thalia Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

AbstractAnselme & Güntürkün generate exciting new insights by integrating two disparate fields to explain why uncertain rewards produce strong motivational effects. Their conclusions are developed in a framework that assumes a random distribution of resources, uncommon in the natural environment. We argue that, by considering a realistically clumped spatiotemporal distribution of resources, their conclusions will be stronger and more complete.

Extreme self-sacrifice beyond fusion: Moral expansiveness and the special case of allyship

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crimston ◽  
Matthew J. Hornsey
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Relevant Dimension ◽  
Special Case

AbstractAs a general theory of extreme self-sacrifice, Whitehouse's article misses one relevant dimension: people's willingness to fight and die in support of entities not bound by biological markers or ancestral kinship (allyship). We discuss research on moral expansiveness, which highlights individuals’ capacity to self-sacrifice for targets that lie outside traditional in-group markers, including racial out-groups, animals, and the natural environment.

Philosophy and the Natural Environment

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Attfield ◽  
Andrew Belsey
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment

Measurement of some topographical aspects of smoking in the natural environment.

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy W. Pickens ◽  
Steven W. Gust ◽  
Philip M. Catchings ◽  
Dace S. Svikis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment
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