Toward a Framework for University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Human Capital Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-56
Author(s):  
Johann Bronstein ◽  
Shaun Bissett
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Capital Development

How do Liberalization, Institutions and Human Capital Development affect the Nexus between Domestic Private Investment and Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-598
Author(s):  
John Mayanja Bbale ◽  
John Bosco Nnyanzi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Capital Development

Developing countries have continued to experience an unprecedented increase in direct foreign investment (FDI) inflows for the past two decades. However, the quantitative impact of the same on private domestic investment (PDI) is still imprecise. Using a system GMM approach and panel data from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 1996–2013, we provide evidence in support of the crowding out role of FDI on PDI but the observed nexus is precipitated by the presence of liberalization, human capital development and institutional quality. Interestingly, when we consider the latter variables uninteracted, the improvement of each appears to significantly benefit PDI. In addition, the substitution role of FDI in PDI appears to be stronger in resource-rich than in the resource-poor countries. Additionally, we find that public investment crowds out private investment whereas infrastructure development, past private investment, credit depth, and GDP per capita are supportive of the PDI. However, we document mixed evidence for sub-samples of the East African Community, the Southern Africa Development Corporation, the Economic Community and West African States, and the Economic Community of Central African States. Overall, our study underscores the urgent need for well-directed policies in line with improving institutions, school enrolment, financial systems, infrastructure, and the government prioritization of productive investment that is supportive of the private as well as foreign sector. We advocate for reviews of incentive packages to foreign firms that discourage fair competition if the PDI-FDI complementarity and consequential positive spillovers to other sectors are to be realized for economic development in SSA.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship education as human capital: Implications for youth self-employment and conflict mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschal Anosike
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Secondary School Curriculum ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Capital Development

Previous research has focused on stable developed economies to predict that human capital and entrepreneurship education (EE) provision at the higher education (HE) level will positively affect entrepreneurial success. This article draws on the outcome of recent EE projects in two HE institutions in a conflict-torn northern Nigeria as a proxy to advocate the introduction of entrepreneurship as a compulsory component into the secondary school curriculum in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using semi-structured interview data, it is found that the provision of EE at secondary education level could help to facilitate human capital development and assist efforts to curb youth unemployment. Specifically, the study suggests that EE comprises both generic and specific human capital that increases an individual’s ability to identify and exploit opportunities, particularly for young people, and in doing so helps to reduce their vulnerability to poverty and involvement in armed conflict. Suggestions for future research and policy considerations are provided.

scholarly journals The Childhood Origins of Climate-Induced Mobility and Immobility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Thiede ◽  
Heather Randell ◽  
Clark Gray
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
World Region ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Capital Development

The existing literature on climate change and migration has focused largely on assessing short-term responses to temperature and precipitation shocks. In this paper, we suggest that this common “coping strategies” model can be extended to account for mechanisms that link environmental conditions to migration behavior over longer periods of time. We argue that early-life climate exposures may affect the likelihood of migration from childhood through early adulthood by influencing parental migration, community migration networks, human capital development, and decisions about household resource allocation, all of which are correlates of geographic mobility. We evaluate this expectation empirically using a “big data” approach, analyzing georeferenced records from 81 censuses implemented across 31 countries in tropical Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. For each world region, we estimate multivariate regression models that predict lifetime migration through ages 30-39 as a function of temperature and precipitation in early life, defined as the year prior to birth through age four. Results suggest that early-life climate is systematically associated with changes in the probability of lifetime migration in most regions of the tropics, with the largest effects observed in sub-Saharan Africa. In East and Southern Africa, the effects of temperature shocks vary by sex and educational attainment and in a manner that suggests women and those with lower socioeconomic status are most vulnerable to climate shocks. Finally, we compare our main results with models using alternative measures of climate exposure. This comparison suggests climate exposures during the prenatal period and first few years of life are particularly (but not exclusively) salient for lifetime migration, which is most consistent with our proposed human capital mechanism.

scholarly journals Determinants of Human Capital Development in Ethiopia: Implications to Education Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Misganu Legesse Bareke ◽  
Birhanu Haile Agezew ◽  
Negash Haile Dedho ◽  
Mulugeta Fufa Lebeta ◽  
Mesfin Molla Demissie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Capital Development

The role of human capital development in the era of globalization, knowledge-based economy, and technological development cannot be underestimated. This is mainly attached to the creative and adaptive capacity of human capital (HC) in bringing multidimensional changes and developments for the individual, organization, and the country at large. However, the scenario of HC in Sub-Saharan Africa and specifically in Ethiopia remains the lowest compared to the world standard. With this premise, this study is meant to analyze the macroeconomic determinants of HC development in Ethiopia using the Autoregressive Distributed Log (ARDL) model. Time series data from 1981 to 2018 was considered for the study. The empirical result of the study revealed that GDP per capita, openness, and education policy variables were found to have a positive and significant effect on human capital development in the short and long run. On the contrary, inflation has a negative effect on human capital development only in the short run. On the other hand, no evidence was found on whether the government’s expenditure and capital-labor ratio have significant effects on human capital development. Therefore, the Ethiopian government is strongly advised to investigate its educational investment strategies in such a way that it can promote the development of HC.

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