Process Controls in Petroleum Processing

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-65
Author(s):  
David S. J. Jones ◽  
Steven A. Treese
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Processing ◽  
Process Controls

Process Controls in Petroleum Processing

2015 ◽  
pp. 1009-1092
Author(s):  
David S. J. Jones ◽  
Steven A. Treese
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Processing ◽  
Process Controls

Prospects of development of petroleum processing in Western Siberia

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 812-814
Author(s):  
V. I. Gubernskii ◽  
V. B. Rebel'skii ◽  
L. T. Yushinskii
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Petroleum Processing

scholarly journals Quality of Cucumbers Commercially Fermented in Calcium Chloride Brine without Sodium Salts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. McMurtrie ◽  
Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Industrial Fermentation ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Process Controls

Commercial cucumber fermentation produces large volumes of salty wastewater. This study evaluated the quality of fermented cucumbers produced commercially using an alternative calcium chloride (CaCl2) brining process. Fermentation conducted in calcium brines (0.1 M CaCl2, 6 mM potassium sorbate, equilibrated) with a starter culture was compared to standard industrial fermentation. Production variables included commercial processor(n=6), seasonal variation (June–September, 2 years), vessel size (10,000–40,000 L), cucumber size (2.7–5.1 cm diameter), and bulk storage time (55–280 days). Cucumber mesocarp firmness, color, bloater defects, pH, and organic acids were measured. Complete lactic acid fermentation was achieved, resulting in terminal fermentation pH values of 3.23 ± 0.09 and 3.30 ± 0.12 for CaCl2and NaCl processes, respectively. On average, CaCl2brined, fermented cucumbers were 1.8 N less firm, which remained significant in the finished product(P<0.0001). Color differences evidenced by higher hue and lower chroma values(P<0.0269)were consistent with increased photooxidation in CaCl2brined cucumbers. Commercial implementation of CaCl2brines for cucumber fermentation in open tanks variably resulted in texture and color defects that can impact product quality. Additional research is needed to understand the atypical softening observed at the commercial scale and identify process controls for quality improvements.

Application of petroleum processing technology to the upgrading of coal syncrude

Fuel ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fernández ◽  
M.T. Martínez ◽  
A. Benito ◽  
J.L. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Processing Technology ◽  
Petroleum Processing

scholarly journals Translating the fabrication of protein-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles from bench to scale-independent production using microfluidics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla B. Roces ◽  
Dennis Christensen ◽  
Yvonne Perrie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Protein Encapsulation ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Process Controls

AbstractIn the formulation of nanoparticles, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is commonly employed due to its Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approval for human use, its ability to encapsulate a variety of moieties, its biocompatibility and biodegradability and its ability to offer a range of controlled release profiles. Common methods for the production of PLGA particles often adopt harsh solvents, surfactants/stabilisers and in general are multi-step and time-consuming processes. This limits the translation of these drug delivery systems from bench to bedside. To address this, we have applied microfluidic processes to develop a scale-independent platform for the manufacture, purification and monitoring of nanoparticles. Thereby, the influence of various microfluidic parameters on the physicochemical characteristics of the empty and the protein-loaded PLGA particles was evaluated in combination with the copolymer employed (PLGA 85:15, 75:25 or 50:50) and the type of protein loaded. Using this rapid production process, emulsifying/stabilising agents (such as polyvinyl alcohol) are not required. We also incorporate in-line purification systems and at-line particle size monitoring. Our results demonstrate the microfluidic control parameters that can be adopted to control particle size and the impact of PLGA copolymer type on the characteristics of the produced particles. With these nanoparticles, protein encapsulation efficiency varies from 8 to 50% and is controlled by the copolymer of choice and the production parameters employed; higher flow rates, combined with medium flow rate ratios (3:1), should be adopted to promote higher protein loading (% wt/wt). In conclusion, herein, we outline the process controls for the fabrication of PLGA polymeric nanoparticles incorporating proteins in a rapid and scalable manufacturing process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document