The Third Option for the South China Sea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jay Green
Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (12-14) ◽  
pp. 1255-1263
Author(s):  
B. Y. Lee ◽  
L. Corbari ◽  
B. Richer de Forges

During a recent expedition in the South China Sea, three species of the deep-sea epialtid genusOxypleurodonMiers, 1885 were collected. Two species,O. stimpsoniMiers, 1886, andO. auritum(Rathbun, 1916), are new records for the area. The third species, one of the largest knownOxypleurodonspecies, is described here as new. It is most similar toO. luzonicum(Rathbun, 1916) andO. sanctaeclausiRicher de Forges & Ng, 2009, in possessing a rounded cardiac plate, but can be separated by the structures of the branchial and pseudorostral spines.


PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Bin Gan ◽  
Xin-Zheng Li

Hippolyteshrimps exhibit abundant biological diversity and display great ecological significance in seaweed bed ecosystems. Dozens ofHippolytespecimens were collected from Hainan Island and the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. Detailed examination indicates that some of these specimens represent newHippolytespecies. Based on morphological, genetic, and ecological data,Hippolyte chaceisp. nov. andH. nanhaiensissp. nov. are described.H. chaceisp. nov. was collected from theSargassumsp. biotope in Hainan Island and is distinguished from congeners by its unique mandible and the dactylus of the third to fifth pereiopods; this species has a basal position in the Indo-West Pacific species clade in the phylogenetic tree which is reconstructed based on 16S rRNA gene.H. nanhaiensissp. nov. was collected from the biotopes ofGalaxaurasp. orHalimedasp. in the Xisha Islands, and it differs from congeners in a series of characters associated with rostrum, scaphocerite, antennular peduncle, and spines on the dactylus of the third to fifth pereiopods. Additionally, it is sister toH. australiensisin the phylogenetic tree. A key to identifying mature femaleHippolytespecies of the Indo-West Pacific and neighboring seas is provided.


Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4454 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
HSUAN-CHING HO ◽  
YUSUKE HIBINO ◽  
JIAN-FU HUANG

Three rare snake eel species, Allips concolor McCosker, 1972, Neenchelys daedalus McCosker, 1982, and Apterichtus    moseri (Jordan & Snyder, 1901), were newly collected from Taiwan. The distribution ranges of the first two species are now extended to the South China Sea off southern Taiwan and that of the third is extended southward to off northwestern Taiwan. Supplemental data for three recently described species, Neenchelys diaphora, N. gracilis and N. similis, from Taiwan are provided.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5005 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-290
Author(s):  
YU ZHAO ◽  
TING XU ◽  
WEIDI YANG ◽  
JIAN-WEN QIU

Spongicoloides zhoui sp. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae), a species of deep-sea hexactinellid sponge-associated shrimp, is described based on specimens collected from the Zhenbei Seamount in the South China Sea. The new species is morphologically most similar to the Western Pacific congeneric species Spongicoloides iheyaensis Saito, Tsuchida & Yamamoto, 2006 in that the ischium of the third pereiopod is unarmed and the fixed finger of the third pereiopod is armed with small teeth on the distoventral margin. However, S. zhoui sp. nov. can be distinguished from S. iheyaensis in that its female antennal basicerite has three large spines on the distolateral margin. Molecular analyses based on nuclear histone H3, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and 16S rRNA gene fragments confirmed the placement of S. zhoui sp. nov. within a clade of Spongicoloides/Spongiocaris species, and their sequence divergences were large enough to justify the recognition of this new species.


Author(s):  
В. Л. Толстых

Все территориальные споры в Юго-Восточной и Южной Азии в зависимости от их локализации делятся на четыре группы. В первую входят споры, охватывающие территорию бывшей Британской Индии и связанные с нечётко-стью колониальных титулов; во вторую – споры с участием Малайзии, также имеющие колониальный генезис; в третью категорию – споры Японии с её соседями по поводу островов, связанные с нечёткостью послевоенного урегулирования; в четвёртую – споры с участием Китая (помимо споров из первой и третьей групп сюда относится крайне важный спор о принадлежности акватории и сухопутных формирований Южно-Китайского моря). Некоторые из этих споров были разрешены международными судами на основании международного права; к их числу относятся, например, споры о делимитации Бенгальского залива (первая группа). Большинство споров, однако, до сих пор не разрешены, и перспективы правового урегулирования некоторых из них выглядят маловероятными в силу остроты конфликта и сложности историко-правового контекста. Спор о Южно-Китайском море (ЮКМ) является условно-разрешённым: решение по нему было вынесено в 2016 г. Китай, однако, категорически отказался выполнять его. Отношение России к данным тер-риториальным спорам не должно быть пассивным. В отношении споров из первой группы Россия может попробовать вернуться к своей традиционной функции посредника. Конфликты второй группы не затрагивают её интересов; по отношению к ним она должна соблюдать строгий нейтралитет. Что касается конфликтов третьей группы, то Россия сама является их непосредственным участником и поэтому должна предпринимать усилия, направленные на достижение выгодного для неё решения вопроса о Курильских островах. Наконец, применительно к спору о ЮКМ Россия должна встать на сторону Китая, чьи притязания в отношении данной акватории содержательно близки притязаниям России в отношении Арктики. All territorial disputes in Southeast and South Asia are divided into four groups depending on their location. The first group includes the disputes covering the territory of the former British India and provoked by the vagueness of colonial titles. The second group includes the disputes involving Malaysia, which also have a colonial genesis. The third group includes the disputes between Japan and its neighbors over the islands provoked by the vagueness of the post-war settlement. The fourth group includes the disputes involving China, – in addition to the disputes from the first and third groups, this includes an extremely important debate about the ownership of water spaces and land formations of the South China Sea. Some of these disputes have been resolved by international courts under international law; these include, for example, the disputes over the delimitation of the Bay of Bengal (first group). Most disputes, however, are still not resolved and the prospects for legal settlement of some of them seem unlikely due to the severity of the conflict and the complexity of historical and legal contexts. The dispute over the South China Sea is conditionally resolved: a judgment was rendered in 2016, – China, however, categorically refused to comply with it. Russia's attitude to these territorial disputes should not be passive. As for the disputes from the first group, Russia may try to return to its traditional mediator function. The conflicts of the second group do not affect its interests, therefore it must observe a strict neutrality in relation to them. As for the conflicts of the third group, Russia is directly involved in them and therefore should make efforts to achieve an advantageous solution of the Kuril Islands case. Finally, in relation to the South China Sea dispute Russia should support China’s position which is substantially close to Russia's claims in relation to the Arctic.


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