Modeling of the Effect of Heat Release Rates on Fire Smoke Control in Multilevel Underground Parking Garage

Use of oxygen-enriched combustion air in diesel engines can lead to significant improvements in power density, as well as reductions in particulate emissions, but at the expense of higher NOx emissions. Oxygen enrichment would also lead to lower ignition delays and the opportunity to burn lower grade fuels. Analytical and experimental studies are being conducted in parallel to establish the optimal combination of oxygen level and diesel fuel properties. In this paper, cylinder pressure data acquired on a single-cylinder engine are used to generate heat release rates for operation under various oxygen contents. These derived heat release rates are in turn used to improve the combustion correlation—and thus the prediction capability—of the simulation code. It is shown that simulated and measured cylinder pressures and other performance parameters are in good agreement. The improved simulation can provide sufficiently accurate predictions of trends and magnitudes to be useful in parametric studies assessing the effects of oxygen enrichment and water injection on diesel engine performance. Measured ignition delays, NOx emissions, and particulate emissions are also compared with previously published data. The measured ignition delays are slightly lower than previously reported. Particulate emissions measured in this series of tests are significantly lower than previously reported.

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Fuel Blend and Mixture Strength Effects on Autoignition Heat Release Rates and Knock Intensity in S.I. Engines

10.4271/962105 ◽

1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. Bradley ◽

G. T. Kalghatgi ◽

M. Golombok

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Release Rates ◽

Fuel Blend

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Upholstered Furniture Heat Release Rates: Measurements and Estimation

Journal of Fire Sciences ◽

10.1177/073490418300100103 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 9-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Vytenis Babrauskas

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Fire Testing ◽

Flame Resistance ◽

Release Rates ◽

New Instrument ◽

Upholstered Furniture ◽

Rate Information ◽

Furniture Calorimeter ◽

Design Factors

A new instrument, termed a furniture calorimeter, has been constructed and placed into operation for measuring furniture heat release rates based on oxygen consumption. Using the furniture calorimeter, burning rate information has been obtained on a series of 13 chairs, loveseats, and sofas, most of them specially built to permit direct comparisons of construction features. A quantitative assessment is made of the effect of fabric types, padding types (cotton batting, ordinary polyurethane foam, and California-requirements foam), and frame types. The advantages of furniture calorimeter testing over normal room fire testing are discussed. Based on these measurements, a rule is presented for estimating the heat release rate based on design factors. Finally, implications for achieving both good flame resistance and good cigarette ignition resistance are discussed.

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