Salmon Aquaculture, Nutrient Fluxes and Ecosystem Processes in Southwestern New Brunswick

2005 ◽  
pp. 29-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Strain ◽  
B. T. Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Salmon Aquaculture

scholarly journals The dilemma of controlling cultural eutrophication of lakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1746) ◽  
pp. 4322-4333 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Lake Recovery ◽  
Recent Claim

The management of eutrophication has been impeded by reliance on short-term experimental additions of nutrients to bottles and mesocosms. These measures of proximate nutrient limitation fail to account for the gradual changes in biogeochemical nutrient cycles and nutrient fluxes from sediments, and succession of communities that are important components of whole-ecosystem responses. Erroneous assumptions about ecosystem processes and lack of accounting for hysteresis during lake recovery have further confused management of eutrophication. I conclude that long-term, whole-ecosystem experiments and case histories of lake recovery provide the only reliable evidence for policies to reduce eutrophication. The only method that has had proven success in reducing the eutrophication of lakes is reducing input of phosphorus. There are no case histories or long-term ecosystem-scale experiments to support recent claims that to reduce eutrophication of lakes, nitrogen must be controlled instead of or in addition to phosphorus. Before expensive policies to reduce nitrogen input are implemented, they require ecosystem-scale verification. The recent claim that the ‘phosphorus paradigm’ for recovering lakes from eutrophication has been ‘eroded’ has no basis. Instead, the case for phosphorus control has been strengthened by numerous case histories and large-scale experiments spanning several decades.

Networks of power and influence: the role of mycorrhizal mycelium in controlling plant communities and agroecosystem functioning

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Leake ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Damian Donnelly ◽  
Gemma Muckle ◽  
Lynne Boddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Functionally Diverse

Extraradical mycelia of mycorrhizal fungi are normally the “hidden half” of the symbiosis, but they are powerful underground influences upon biogeochemical cycling, the composition of plant communities, and agroecosystem functioning. Mycorrhizal mycelial networks are the most dynamic and functionally diverse components of the symbiosis, and recent estimates suggest they are empowered by receiving as much as 10% or more of the net photosynthate of their host plants. They often constitute 20%–30% of total soil microbial biomass yet are undetected by standard measures of biomass used by soil scientists and agromomists. Mycorrhizal mycelia provide extensive pathways for carbon and nutrient fluxes through soil, often exceeding tens of metres per gram of soil. We consider the amounts of photosynthate “power” allocated to these mycelial networks and how this is used in fungal respiration, biomass, and growth and in influencing soil, plant, and ecosystem processes. The costs and functional “benefits” to plants linking to these networks are fungal specific and, because of variations in physiology and host specificity, are not shared equally; some plants even depend exclusively on these networks for carbon. We briefly assess the potential contribution of extraradical mycorrhizal mycelium to sustainable agriculture and maintenance of biodiversity and highlight technologies that promise new vistas and improved fine-scale resolution of the dynamic spatial and temporal functioning of these networks in soil.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, extraradical mycelium, hyphal networks.

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Ulrike Flader ◽  
Vera Ecarius-Kelly ◽  
Clemence SCALBERT-YÜCEL ◽  
Michael M. Gunter ◽  
Tozun Bahcheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Rutgers University ◽  
Ashgate Publishing ◽  
Kurdish Question ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

Cengiz Gunes and Welat Zeydanlıoğlu (eds.), The Kurdish Question in Turkey: New Perspectives on Violence, Representation and Reconciliation, London: Routledge, 2014, 288 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-415-83015-7).Almas Heshmati and Nabaz T. Khayyat, Socio-Economic Impacts of Landmines in Southern Kurdistan, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013, 341 pp., (ISBN: 978-1-4438-4198-6).Estelle Amy de la Bretèque, Paroles Mélodisées: Récits épiques et lamentations chez les Yézidis d’Arménie (Melodised speech. Heroic songs and laments among the Yezidis of Armenia), Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2013, 230pp., (ISBN: 978-2-8124-0787-1).Diane E. King, Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq, New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press, 2014. 286 pp., (ISBN: 9780813563534).Michael M. Gunter and Mohammed M.A. Ahmed (eds.), The Kurdish Spring: Geopolitical Changes and the Kurds, Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2013, 344 pp., (ISBN: 978-1568592725).Derya Bayır, Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing House, 2013, 314 pp., (ISBN: 9781409420071).

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