Abstract
The chapter introduces risk assessment and examines the basic concepts of risk and hazard, their causes, consequences and probabilities. The methodology of environmental risk assessment including effect assessment, exposure assessment and risk estimation/characterisation is overviewed. Application of risk assessment for chemicals is described with regard to human health and the environment. Some of the commonly used techniques in risk assessments are introduced and illustrated by examples. Environmental risk assessment should provide input to the risk management so well-informed decisions can be made, to protect human health and the environment.
Relevance of a new scientific publication (Hofmann et al., 2016) for previous environmental risk assessment conclusions and risk management recommendations on the cultivation of Bt‐maize events MON810, Bt11 and 1507