Numerical invariants of surfaces in $${\mathbb P}^4$$ P 4 lying on small degree hypersurfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-175
Author(s):  
Daniel Naie
Keyword(s):  
Small Degree ◽  
Numerical Invariants

Bimolecular Reactions, Transition-State Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Engholm Henriksen ◽  
Flemming Yssing Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Saddle Point ◽  
Transition State Theory ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Reaction Coordinate ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Bimolecular Reactions ◽  
Activated Complex

This chapter discusses an approximate approach—transition-state theory—to the calculation of rate constants for bimolecular reactions. A reaction coordinate is identified from a normal-mode coordinate analysis of the activated complex, that is, the supermolecule on the saddle-point of the potential energy surface. Motion along this coordinate is treated by classical mechanics and recrossings of the saddle point from the product to the reactant side are neglected, leading to the result of conventional transition-state theory expressed in terms of relevant partition functions. Various alternative derivations are presented. Corrections that incorporate quantum mechanical tunnelling along the reaction coordinate are described. Tunnelling through an Eckart barrier is discussed and the approximate Wigner tunnelling correction factor is derived in the limit of a small degree of tunnelling. It concludes with applications of transition-state theory to, for example, the F + H2 reaction, and comparisons with results based on quasi-classical mechanics as well as exact quantum mechanics.

scholarly journals Transiently increased risk of breast cancer after childbirth: implications for fertility treatments and surrogacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1255
Author(s):  
Zeev Blumenfeld ◽  
Norbert Gleicher ◽  
Eli Y Adashi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Whereas longstanding dogma has purported that pregnancies protect women from breast cancer, a recent meta-analysis now mandates reconsideration since it reported an actual higher breast cancer risk for more than two decades after childbirth before the relative risk turns negative. Moreover, the risk of breast cancer appears higher for women having their first birth at an older age and with a family history and it is not reduced by breastfeeding. The process of obtaining informed consent for all fertility treatments, therefore, must make patients aware of the facts that every pregnancy, to a small degree, will increase the short-term breast cancer risk. This observation may be even more relevant in cases of surrogacy where women agree to conceive without deriving benefits of offspring from assuming the risk, thus creating a substantially different risk-benefit ratio. Consequently, it appears prudent for professional societies in the field to update recommendations regarding consent information for all fertility treatments but especially for treatments involving surrogacy.

Kimberlite Volcanology: Transport, Ascent, and Eruption

Elements ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kelly Russell ◽  
R. Stephen J. Sparks ◽  
Janine L. Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Volcanic Deposits ◽  
And Control

Kimberlite rocks and deposits are the eruption products of volatile-rich, silica-poor ultrabasic magmas that originate as small-degree mantle melts at depths in excess of 200 km. Many kimberlites are emplaced as subsurface cylindrical-to-conical pipes and associated sills and dykes. Surficial volcanic deposits of kimberlite are rare. Although kimberlite magmas have distinctive chemical and physical properties, their eruption styles, intensities and durations are similar to conventional volcanoes. Rates of magma ascent and transport through the cratonic lithosphere are informed by mantle cargo entrained by kimberlite, by the geometries of kimberlite dykes exposed in diamond mines, and by laboratory-based studies of dyke mechanics. Outstanding questions concern the mechanisms that trigger and control the rates of kimberlite magmatism.

Structure and microstructure of near infrared-absorbing Au–Au2S nanoparticles

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2531-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Chee Tan ◽  
Jackie Y. Ying ◽  
Gan Moog Chow
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Microstructure ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Interfacial Effects ◽  
Nir Absorption ◽  
Structure And Microstructure

Near infrared (NIR) absorbing nanoparticles synthesized by the reduction of HAuCl4 with Na2S exhibited absorption bands at ∼530 nm, and in the NIR region of 650–1100 nm. The NIR optical properties were not found to be related to the earlier proposed Au2S–Au core-shell microstructure in previous studies. From a detailed study of the structure and microstructure of as-synthesized particles in this work, S-containing, Au-rich, multiply-twinned nanoparticles were found to exhibit NIR absorption. They consisted of amorphous AuxS (where x = 2), mostly well mixed within crystalline Au, with a small degree of surface segregation of S. Therefore, NIR absorption was likely due to interfacial effects on particle polarization from the introduction of AuxS into Au particles, and not the dielectric confinement of plasmons associated with a core-shell microstructure.

scholarly journals Minus domination in small-degree graphs

2001 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Damaschke
Keyword(s):  
Small Degree

Waring's problem for polynomials of small degree

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-710
Author(s):  
V. P. Voloshin
Keyword(s):  
Small Degree ◽  
Waring’S Problem ◽  
Waring's Problem

scholarly journals LMI Formulation for Static Output Feedback Design of Discrete-Time Switched Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Ben Attia ◽  
Salah Salhi ◽  
Mekki Ksouri
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Time ◽  
Output Feedback ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Switched System ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
Static Output Feedback ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Feedback Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Static Output

This paper concerns static output feedback design of discrete-time linear switched system using switched Lyapunov functions (SLFs). A new characterization of stability for the switched system under arbitrary switching is first given together with -performance evaluation. The various conditions are given through a family of LMIs (Linear Matrix Inequalities) parameterized by a scalar variable which offers an additional degree of freedom, enabling, at the expense of a relatively small degree of complexity in the numerical treatment (one line search), to provide better results compared to previous one. The control is defined as a switched static output feedback which guarantees stability and -performance for the closed-loop system. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed conditions.

Scalar properties of Japanese and English sense-based minimizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Osamu Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Conventional Implicature ◽  
Personal Taste ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Scalar Properties ◽  
The Relationship

The Japanese minimizers kasukani ‘faintly’ and honokani ‘approx. faintly’ and the English minimizer faintly are similar to typical minimizers, such as the Japanese sukoshi ‘a bit’ and English a bit, in that they semantically represent a low degree. However, their meanings and distribution patterns are not the same. I argue that kasukani, honokani, and faintly are sense-based minimizers in that they not only semantically denote a small degree but also convey that thejudge (typically the speaker) measures degree based on his/her own sense ( the senses of sight, smell, taste, etc.) at the level of conventional implicature (CI) (e.g., Grice 1975; Potts 2005; McCready 2010; Gutzmann 2011). It will be shown that this characteristic restricts sense-based minimizers to occur only in a limited environment. This paper also shows that there are variations among the sense-based minimizers with regard to (i) the kind of sense, (ii) the presence/absence of evaluativity, and (iii) the possibility of a combination with an emotive predicate, and will explain them in the non-at-issue domain. In analyzing the meaning of sense-based minimizers, the relationship between a sense-based minimizer and a predicate of personal taste (e.g., Pearson 2013; Ninan 2014; Kennedy & Willer 2019; Willer & Kennedy 2019) will also be discussed.

An Exchanged 3-Ary n-Cube Interconnection Network for Parallel Computation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yali Lv ◽  
Cheng-Kuan Lin ◽  
Guijuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Computation ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Parallel System ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Pmc Model ◽  
Hardware Costs ◽  
Cube Formula ◽  
Interconnect Network

The interconnetion network plays an important role in a parallel system. To avoid the edge number of the interconnect network scaling rapidly with the increase of dimension and achieve a good balance of hardware costs and properties, this paper presents a new interconnection network called exchanged [Formula: see text]-ary [Formula: see text]-cube ([Formula: see text]). Compared with the [Formula: see text]-ary [Formula: see text]-cube structures, [Formula: see text] shows better performance in terms of many metrics such as small degree and fewer links. In this paper, we first introduce the structure of [Formula: see text] and present some properties of [Formula: see text]; then, we propose a routing algorithm and obtain the diameter of [Formula: see text]. Finally, we analyze the diagnosis of [Formula: see text] and give the diagnosibility under PMC model and MM* model.

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