The Future Vocation of Neural Stem Cells: Lineage Commitment in Brain Development and Evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Nomura ◽  
Hitoshi Gotoh ◽  
Katsuhiko Ono
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Lineage Commitment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Development And Evolution

scholarly journals Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and brain organoids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia P Garcez ◽  
Erick C Loiola ◽  
Rodrigo F Madeiro da Costa ◽  
Luiza Higa ◽  
Pablo Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain Development

Since the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), reports of microcephaly have increased dramatically in Brazil; however, causality between the widespread epidemic and malformations in fetal brains has not been confirmed. Here, we examine the effects of ZIKV infection in human neural stem cells growing as neurospheres and cerebral organoids. Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, we show that ZIKV targets human brain cells, reducing their viability and growth as neurospheres and cerebral organoids. These results suggest that ZIKV abrogates neurogenesis during human brain development.

scholarly journals Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and brain organoids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia P Garcez ◽  
Erick C Loiola ◽  
Rodrigo F Madeiro da Costa ◽  
Luiza Higa ◽  
Pablo Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain Development

Since the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), reports of microcephaly have increased dramatically in Brazil; however, causality between the widespread epidemic and malformations in fetal brains has not been confirmed. Here, we examine the effects of ZIKV infection in human neural stem cells growing as neurospheres and cerebral organoids. Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, we show that ZIKV targets human brain cells, reducing their viability and growth as neurospheres and cerebral organoids. These results suggest that ZIKV abrogates neurogenesis during human brain development.

Sox2 protects neural stem cells from apoptosis via up-regulating survivin expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 450 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruopeng Feng ◽  
Shixin Zhou ◽  
Yinan Liu ◽  
Daijun Song ◽  
Zhilin Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Survivin Expression ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Self Renewal

The transcription factor Sox2 [SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2] is essential for the regulation of self-renewal and homoeostasis of NSCs (neural stem cells) during brain development. However, the downstream targets of Sox2 and its underlying molecular mechanism are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that Sox2 directly up-regulates the expression of survivin, which inhibits the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway in NSCs. Although overexpression of Sox2 elevates survivin expression, knockdown of Sox2 results in a decrease in survivin expression, thereby initiating the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis related to caspase 9 activation. Furthermore, cell apoptosis owing to knockdown of Sox2 can be rescued by ectopically expressing survivin in NSCs as well as in the mouse brain, as demonstrated by an in utero-injection approach. In short, we have found a novel Sox2/survivin pathway that regulates NSC survival and homoeostasis, thus revealing a new mechanism of brain development, neurological degeneration and such aging-related disorders.

scholarly journals Differences in Mitotic Spindle Architecture in Mammalian Neural Stem Cells Influence Mitotic Accuracy during Brain Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 2993-3005.e9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vargas-Hurtado ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Brault ◽  
Tristan Piolot ◽  
Ludovic Leconte ◽  
Nathalie Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Mitotic Spindle

scholarly journals Structural plasticity of neural stem cells in mammalian brain development

IBRO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S7
Author(s):  
Fumio Matsuzaki ◽  
Ikumi Fujita ◽  
Atsunori Shitamukai ◽  
Fumiya Kusumoto ◽  
Shun Mase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Mammalian Brain
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