Genetic transformation of fruit trees: current status and remaining challenges

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Gambino ◽  
Ivana Gribaudo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés M. Bellido ◽  
Eduado D. Souza Canadá ◽  
Hugo R. Permingeat ◽  
Viviana Echenique
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Apomictic Species ◽  
Transformation Methods

The available methods for plant transformation and expansion beyond its limits remain especially critical for crop improvement. For grass species, this is even more critical, mainly due to drawbacks in in vitro regeneration. Despite the existence of many protocols in grasses to achieve genetic transformation through Agrobacterium or biolistic gene delivery, their efficiencies are genotype-dependent and still very low due to the recalcitrance of these species to in vitro regeneration. Many plant transformation facilities for cereals and other important crops may be found around the world in universities and enterprises, but this is not the case for apomictic species, many of which are C4 grasses. Moreover, apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) represents an additional constraint for breeding. However, the transformation of an apomictic clone is an attractive strategy, as the transgene is immediately fixed in a highly adapted genetic background, capable of large-scale clonal propagation. With the exception of some species like Brachiaria brizantha which is planted in approximately 100 M ha in Brazil, apomixis is almost non-present in economically important crops. However, as it is sometimes present in their wild relatives, the main goal is to transfer this trait to crops to fix heterosis. Until now this has been a difficult task, mainly because many aspects of apomixis are unknown. Over the last few years, many candidate genes have been identified and attempts have been made to characterize them functionally in Arabidopsis and rice. However, functional analysis in true apomictic species lags far behind, mainly due to the complexity of its genomes, of the trait itself, and the lack of efficient genetic transformation protocols. In this study, we review the current status of the in vitro culture and genetic transformation methods focusing on apomictic grasses, and the prospects for the application of new tools assayed in other related species, with two aims: to pave the way for discovering the molecular pathways involved in apomixis and to develop new capacities for breeding purposes because many of these grasses are important forage or biofuel resources.

Genetic Transformation of Fruit Trees

2012 ◽  
pp. 117-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Litz ◽  
Guillermo Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Fruit Trees

scholarly journals Current status of tissue culture and genetic transformation systems in oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Il Lee ◽  
Yun-Hye Kim ◽  
Dong-Hee Lee ◽  
Yu-Mi Lee ◽  
Seo-Jun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Transformation Systems

scholarly journals Current status and trends of wheat genetic transformation studies in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi HE ◽  
Qiong WANG ◽  
Jian ZENG ◽  
Tao SUN ◽  
Guang-xiao YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Status And Trends

scholarly journals Olive (Olea europaea L.) Genetic Transformation: Current Status and Future Prospects

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Elena Palomo-Ríos ◽  
Isabel Narváez ◽  
Fernando Pliego-Alfaro ◽  
José A. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is the most characteristic and important oil crop of the Mediterranean region. Traditional olive cultivation is based on few tens cultivars of ancient origin. To improve this crop, novel selections with higher tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, adaptable to high-density planting systems and resilient to climate change are needed; however, breeding programs are hindered by the long juvenile period of this species and few improved genotypes have been released so far. Genetic transformation could be of great value, in the near future, to develop new varieties or rootstocks in a shorter time; in addition, it has currently become an essential tool for functional genomic studies. The recalcitrance of olive tissues to their in vitro manipulation has been the main bottleneck in the development of genetic transformation procedures in this species; however, some important traits such as fungal resistance, flowering or lipid composition have successfully been manipulated through the genetic transformation of somatic embryos of juvenile or adult origin, providing a proof of the potential role that this technology could have in olive improvement. However, the optimization of these protocols for explants of adult origin is a prerequisite to obtain useful materials for the olive industry. In this review, initially, factors affecting plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis are discussed. Subsequently, the different transformation approaches explored in olive are reviewed. Finally, transgenic experiments with genes of interest undertaken to manipulate selected traits are discussed.

The History and Current Status of Genetic Transformation in Berry Crops

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Palomo-Ríos ◽  
Miguel A. Quesada ◽  
Antonio J. Matas ◽  
Fernando Pliego-Alfaro ◽  
José A. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Berry Crops
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