scholarly journals Examining the Relationship Between Digital Transformation and Work Quality: Substitution Potential and Work Exposure in Gender-Specific Occupations

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (S1) ◽  
pp. 427-453
Author(s):  
Katharina Dengler ◽  
Anita Tisch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Quality ◽  
Work Exposure ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Computers can substitute for many tasks currently performed by humans and are likely to change occupations in the near future. However, it is not likely that entire occupations will disappear. In this context, little attention has been paid to possible impacts of digital transformation on aspects of work quality. It would be desirable for changes to ease occupations with high work exposure. In this article, we assume that digital technologies may replace physically demanding jobs mainly performed by men, but not psychosocially demanding jobs mainly performed by women. Thus, the question arises whether social inequality between men and women may increase in the course of digital transformation. Using large-scale administrative and survey data from Germany, we analyse the relationship between digital transformation and work exposure for male- and female-dominated occupations. We measure the degree of digital transformation by occupation-specific substitution potential, that is the extent to which occupational tasks can be replaced by computers or computer-controlled machines. The results imply that digital technologies could relieve men of physically demanding jobs. However, we cannot find any evidence that digital technologies have already caused employment to decline in occupations with physical work exposure.

scholarly journals E-Leadership: The Implication of Digital Transformation for Leadership in Organizations in Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fetnani Cecilia
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Case Study Methodology

The paper discusses electronic leadership (e-leadership) competencies that would ensure organizational competitiveness in the digital transformation of an organisation or a unit of an organisation. Like any other large-scale transformation of a business that has high failure rates, digital transformation can fail and it is failing in organisations in Africa; making them bankrupt requiring business rescue or taking them completely out of business. Digital transformation is considered as the process of using digital technologies (integrating cyber-physical systems (CPS) i.e., (intelligent network systems) and business processes) to create and improve production, sustain customer experiences; thus, the use of digital technologies to integrate business process, office automation, industrial process and factory automation to transform business. It is therefore argued that most African organizations are currently faced with the critical challenge of determining the pre- convergence and convergence of technologies, their alignment with strategy and their integration with business processes and systems to build digital business infrastructure for competitiveness. The concept of enactment of technology-in-practice derived from Adaptive Structuration Theory was used as a lens through which to understand and interpret the implications of the digital transformation on leadership competencies to derive e-leadership profile to lead African businesses in the digital age. As such the objective of this paper is to determine the competencies of e-leadership to lead digital transformation agenda of an organization in a highly and digitally competitive marketplace. It is a qualitative study, using an interpretative paradigm in a case study methodology where semi- structured interviews were used to collect data from each unit of analysis representing specific South African based businesses. The selected Cases in South African were extensively investigated. The enactment of e-leadership derived from AST is proposed to lead digital transformation. The implication is that the deployment of e-leadership in an organization has a potential to yield benefits such as the creation of higher organisational flexibility, empowerment of staff and strategic/competitive advantages for the organization. This paper proposes that having effective e-leaders in an organisation would lead to adequate appropriation of digital technologies to digitally transform an organisation.

The Relationship between Peak Oxygen Uptake and Physical Activity in 6- to 8-Year-Old Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane R. Fenster ◽  
Patty S. Freedson ◽  
Richard A. Washburn ◽  
R. Curtis Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Method ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between physical activity measured using the LSI (Large Scale Integrated Activity Monitor), and questionnaire, with physical work capacity 170 (PWC 170) and aerobic capacity (peak V̇O2) was evaluated in 6- to 8-year-old children (n = 18). The mean (± SD) peak V̇O2 was 44.1 ± 5.6 ml • kg−1 • min−1. Peak V̇O2 was not significantly different for children (n = 8) who had completed two treadmill trials (45.4 vs. 43.5 ml • kg−1 • min−1; R = 0.67, p<0.05). The log LSI expressed as counts per hour (M ± SD = 2.1 ±.22 cts/hr) was the only activity method significantly related to peak V̇O2 (r = 0.59, p<0.05). The correlation between peak V̇O2 with the questionnaire was positive but nonsignificant (r = 0.20). PWC 170 was not related to peak V̇O2 (r = 0.21) or the activity variables (r = 0.12 questionnaire; r = 0.18 log LSI). When the group was divided into high and low peak V̇O2 groups (high: M = 48.8 ml • kg−1 • min−1; low: M = 39.5 ml • kg−1 • min−1), the log LSI was able to distinguish significant differences in activity levels (high: 2.23 ±. 19 cts/hr; low: 1.99±.19 cts/hr). This study suggests that activity measured with the LSI and aerobic capacity are related in this sample of 6- to 8-year-old children.

scholarly journals Digital Citizenship – A Review of the Academic Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2021) ◽  
pp. 1-XXI
Author(s):  
Birgit Jæger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Citizenship ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Debate

When digital technologies become a part of everyday life in most parts of society, it changes the way we work, organize, communicate, and make relations. It also changes the relationship between the state and its citizens – a relationship usually conceptualized as citizenship. To capture this transformation, a new concept of digital citizenship has emerged. The overall purpose of this paper is to overcome the fragmentation of knowledge about how citizenship is transformed into digital citizenship through a systematic review of the academic literature on the concept of digital citizenship. The literature review identifies four streams of literature in the academic landscape of digital citizenship, and by a content analysis, it outlines the many dimensions and facets of digital citizenship. In this way, the literature review offers a comprehensive picture of both the impacts of the digital transformation on citizenship and the concept within the academic debate.

scholarly journals Economic Implications of Digital Transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Rita Mura ◽  
Armando Sternieri
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Productivity Paradox ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Controversial Concept

In a firm perspective the simply availability of digital systems does not necessarily lead to success. On the contrary, it requires that firms accompany digital resources with the development of best organizational practices which implicates a transformation in term of e.g. organizational changes and innovation. Digital technologies allow companies to improve productivity in two ways: by making hard improvements that dramatically increase the efficiency of intelligent machine and processes, and by making soft improvements that increase the efficiency of people working together. The paper highlights various discussions on the relationship between ICT investment and productivity. However, this framework has outlined a relatively more cohesive body of thought which, by seeking to overcome the controversial concept of the productivity paradox, highlights the existence of a significant relationship, not just between ICT and productivity, but also between certain multiplying variables which represent ICT and other complementary factors.

Digitalization of the system of public and municipal administration in the framework of strategic objectives for territorial development implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1695-1722
Author(s):  
N.E. Buletova ◽  
A.I. Mordvintsev
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Municipal Administration ◽  
Historical Comparative

Subject. The article addresses the technology and trends in the digitization of public and municipal administration, and the correspondence of strategic goals of territorial development to the State and municipal policy on introducing and using digital technologies as tools to achieve these goals. Objectives. The aim is to determine prospects for the development of digital technologies that are demanded and applied in the system of the State and municipal administration, based on the results of auditing authorities, including the analysis of the use of budget funds for acquisition (development) and support to information systems in the work of government authorities. Methods. The methodological framework rests on traditional methods of logical, historical, comparative analysis, and on methods applied by expert services of control authorities, like the documentary method, analysis of regulations, observation and processing of collected empirical data, graphic and table analysis. Results. We revealed and systematized problems related to the introduction and development of digital technologies in public and municipal administration, presented the composition of information systems that ensure the process of digital transformation in the sphere of governance. We built a model of digital transformation of the system of public and municipal administration, based on the systems, large-scale and innovative approaches to the management of complex deterministic systems with clear institutional boundaries and transformation goals. Conclusions. Local governments need to work towards the quality of information systems and their data to fully incorporate them into the national system of government, to improve the digital literacy of the population.

Technology and Organizational Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-408
Author(s):  
Mohsen Attaran ◽  
Sharmin Attaran ◽  
Diane Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the changing dimensions of the workplace and highlights the relationship between technology and organizational change. The chapter begins by briefly reviewing some key perspectives that have emerged in the information systems (IS) literature to account for the relationship between technology and organizational change. It highlights the importance of smart workplace technologies, identifies determinants of successful workplace transformation, proposes a conceptual model for implementation, identifies key factors to consider, and covers some of the potential benefits. The chapter argues that digital transformation is more than just implementing digital technologies. Successful digital transformation occurs when business strategies or major sections of an organization are altered.

scholarly journals Digitalization as a tool for innovative economic development

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Elena Bessonova ◽  
◽  
Rustam Battalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
Made In

Under modern economic conditions, digitalization of the economy is a strategic development priority in many countries. The introduction of technologies that promote digitalization of the economy allows the state, businesses and society to interact effectively in order to increasingly large-scale and dynamic process. Digital economy is becoming a critical driver of innovation, economic growth and competitiveness. Introduction of digital technologies opens up new opportunities for cooperation at all stages of the innovation process. The constant exchange of ideas and data sharing accelerate the innovation process fast and make it sustainable. A model of innovative development based on digitalization tools has been proposed. The authors have identified opportunities, detected threats in view of the pandemics events of 2020, revealed constraints of economic activity under lockdown, developed support measures by taking into account the specifics of digital transformation, summarized the results and focused on improving the ICT infrastructure and integrating digital technologies into the real sector of the economy. The conclusions and generalizations made in the course of the research, aswell as the model of innovative development and recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the implementation of measures to support innovation in the context of digital transformation can be used to develop plans and programs for the development of territories.

scholarly journals OLD BELIEVERS IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD AMID THE PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Olga Shimanskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Church Members ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Relationship

On the basis of documents and an array of confessional Internet publications, the article analyzes the interaction of Old Believer agreements with states (Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic countries, etc.) in the context of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. It occurred during the 400th anniversary of the protopope Avvakum (Petrov) (1620–1682), which is celebrated by Old Believers in Russia and beyond. Old Believers nowadays are the largest Russian religious diaspora seeking selfdetermination in the modern world through interaction with states and society. The pandemic in the jubilee year became a mark of change in the relationship between the Old Believers and the government. It shifted from confrontation and neutrality to cooperation within the framework of those models of state-confessional relations that have become established in countries where their communities exist. During the pandemic Old Believer accords urged church members to follow state measures introduced to combat spread of the infection and perceive all restrictions as temporary obedience. There has been a significant modernization of interaction within confessional communities in liturgical and everyday practices, associated with the intensified use of digital technologies. As a result, celebration of the anniversary of archpriest Avvakum became possible on a large scale despite the restrictions.

scholarly journals Digital Disruption in Retailing and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Heiner Evanschitzky ◽  
Boris Bartikowski ◽  
Tim Baines ◽  
Markus Blut ◽  
Christian Brock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Sensory Marketing ◽  
Digital Disruption ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The increased disruption of business models through digital technologies creates opportunities and challenges for retail businesses and their network partners. Digital transformation – the process of digitalization of previously analogue operations, procedures, organizational tasks, and managerial processes in order to drive value for customers, employees and other stakeholders – is the order of the day. With that in mind, this article provides a purposeful overview of research in the field of digital transformation with a focus on retailing and customer-facing functions of digital technologies such as managing customer journeys, assessing the impact of sensory marketing and the use of service robots on the one hand, and their strategic implications for business models such as servitization on the other. This article concludes by highlighting immediate as well as long-term challenges in the field, with a focus on disruptive technologies, innovations and trends that retail marketing-management will likely face in the near future.

Generational differences in work quality characteristics and job satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Snow Andrade ◽  
Jonathan H. Westover
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Work Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to determine if job satisfaction increases with age, and if this is consistent across countries; and second, if individuals belonging to the same age cohort, who experience similar life conditions and events and have been posited to share common attitudes and behaviors, differ in terms of job satisfaction, and if this difference is comparable across countries. Design/methodology/approach The study provides a comparative analysis of the impact of age and generational differences on job satisfaction globally, based on non-panel longitudinal data from the most recent wave of the International Social Survey Program (Work Orientations IV, 2015). Findings Age has a positive statistically significant impact on job satisfaction (e.g. the older you get, the more satisfied you are with your job). However, the same analysis with each specific age cohort indicates that age is only statistically significant with the baby boomers. Statistically significant cross-generational differences exist in the levels of job satisfaction across generations and cross-generational differences in the determinants of job satisfaction. Most differences are seen between the silent generation and the other three age cohorts. Originality/value Previous comparative studies have found that job satisfaction across generations, even within the same or similar countries, shows little variation. Research measuring the relationship between age and job satisfaction indicates three key contradictory findings – satisfaction increases with age, decreases with age, or no relationship exists. The current large-scale, global study updates and extends previous research by exploring similarities and differences in job satisfaction and work quality characteristics by age cohort, with a global sample.

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