Fractal characteristics of resource quantity of cobalt crusts and seamount topography, the West Pacific

Abstract. Oceanic very short-lived substances (VSLSs), such as bromoform (CHBr3), contribute to stratospheric halogen loading and, thus, to ozone depletion. However, the amount, timing, and region of bromine delivery to the stratosphere through one of the main entrance gates, the Indian summer monsoon circulation, are still uncertain. In this study, we created two bromoform emission inventories with monthly resolution for the tropical Indian Ocean and west Pacific based on new in situ bromoform measurements and novel ocean biogeochemistry modeling. The mass transport and atmospheric mixing ratios of bromoform were modeled for the year 2014 with the particle dispersion model FLEXPART driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis. We compare results between two emission scenarios: (1) monthly averaged and (2) annually averaged emissions. Both simulations reproduce the atmospheric distribution of bromoform from ship- and aircraft-based observations in the boundary layer and upper troposphere above the Indian Ocean reasonably well. Using monthly resolved emissions, the main oceanic source regions for the stratosphere include the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal in boreal summer and the tropical west Pacific Ocean in boreal winter. The main stratospheric injection in boreal summer occurs over the southern tip of India associated with the high local oceanic sources and strong convection of the summer monsoon. In boreal winter more bromoform is entrained over the west Pacific than over the Indian Ocean. The annually averaged stratospheric injection of bromoform is in the same range whether using monthly averaged or annually averaged emissions in our Lagrangian calculations. However, monthly averaged emissions result in the highest mixing ratios within the Asian monsoon anticyclone in boreal summer and above the central Indian Ocean in boreal winter, while annually averaged emissions display a maximum above the west Indian Ocean in boreal spring. In the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone bromoform atmospheric mixing ratios vary by up to 50 % between using monthly averaged and annually averaged oceanic emissions. Our results underline that the seasonal and regional stratospheric bromine injection from the tropical Indian Ocean and west Pacific critically depend on the seasonality and spatial distribution of the VSLS emissions.

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Global vegetation productivity responses to the West Pacific Warm Pool

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 655 ◽

pp. 641-651

Author(s):

Mei Huang ◽

Zhaosheng Wang ◽

Shaoqiang Wang ◽

Fengxue Gu ◽

He Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Warm Pool ◽

The West ◽

Vegetation Productivity ◽

West Pacific ◽

Pacific Warm Pool ◽

Global Vegetation

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Description of a new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and comparisons with species from Marphysa Group A from the Indo-West Pacific and Indian Ocean

Memoirs of Museum Victoria ◽

10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.11 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 109-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Izwandy Idris ◽

Pat Hutchings ◽

Aziz Arshad

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

West Coast ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

The West ◽

West Pacific ◽

Group A ◽

A New Species

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Integrative taxonomy reveals a rare and new cusk-eel species of Luciobrotula (Teleostei, Ophidiidae) from the Solomon Sea, West Pacific

European Journal of Taxonomy ◽

10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 750 ◽

pp. 52-69

Author(s):

Man-Kwan Wong ◽

Mao-Ying Lee ◽

Wei-Jen Chen

Keyword(s):

Lateral Line ◽

Gene Tree ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Valid Species ◽

The West ◽

West Pacific ◽

Fin Ray ◽

The Family

With six valid species, Luciobrotula is a small genus of the family Ophidiidae, commonly known as cusk-eels. They are benthopelagic fishes occurring at depths ranging from 115–2300 m in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Among them, Luciobrotula bartschi is the only known species in the West Pacific. Three specimens of Luciobrotula were collected from the Philippine Sea, Bismarck Sea, and Solomon Sea in the West Pacific during the AURORA, PAPUA NIUGINI, and MADEEP expeditions under the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos program, and all of them were initially identified as L. bartschi. Subsequent examination with integrative taxonomy indicates that they belong to two distinct species, with the specimen collected from the Solomon Sea representing a new species, which is described here. In terms of morphology, Luciobrotula polylepis sp. nov. differs from its congeners by having a relatively longer lateral line (end of the lateral line below the 33rd dorsal-fin ray) and fewer vertebrae (abdominal vertebrae 13, total vertebrae 50). In the inferred COI gene tree, the two western Pacific species of Luciobrotula do not form a monophyletic group. The genetic K2P distance between the two species is 13.8% on average at the COI locus.

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