Pseudolaguvia vespa, new species, is described from the Tsücha River, Mokokchung district, Nagaland, India. The new species can be distinguished from congeners in having the following combination of characters: length of dorsal-fin spine 12.3–16.8% SL, a smooth anterior edge of the dorsal-fin spine, caudal peduncle depth 9.0–10.5% SL, body depth at anus 15.6–17.7% SL, caudal fin length 20.7–24.5% SL, pectoral fin length 20.1–24.1% SL, interorbital distance 22.7–28.1% SL, thoracic adhesive apparatus extending to midway between base of last pectoral-fin ray and pelvic-fin origin, and live specimens with two irregular, chrome-yellow bands on the body.
Rineloricaria is a genus of armored catfish encompassing 67 valid species that are widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region. A new species of Rineloricaria is described from the Paranaíba River, Upper Paraná River basin, southeastern Brazil. Rineloricaria rodriquezae sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: caudal-fin color pattern with basal dark spot and subterminal dark bar on branched rays interspersed with a hyaline area; five series of lateral plates with two keeled in the mid-dorsal series around the insertion of the first ray of dorsal fin; and unbranched caudal-fin ray extended as long filaments.
Abstract
Background
Reproducing populations of invasive carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) could alter aquatic food webs and negatively affect native fishes in the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MISS) and the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN). However, proposed invasive carp barriers may also threaten populations of native migratory fishes by preventing movements of fish between rivers that are necessary for life history requirements. In this study, nonlethal chemical techniques were used to provide baseline data related to the condition, trophic position, and migratory histories of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) captured in the Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers.
Results
Fish length and weight measurements and age estimates determined from pectoral fin rays demonstrated that lake sturgeon from the Mississippi River had greater lengths-at-age compared to sturgeon from the St. Croix River. However, length–weight relations were similar for sturgeon from the Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers. Lake sturgeon captured from different locations had distinguishable fatty acid signatures, and stable isotope analyses demonstrated that lake sturgeon from the Mississippi River generally feed at a higher trophic level than those in the St. Croix River. Strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr:Ca) from fin ray cross sections indicated that sturgeon captured from the Mississippi River had higher Sr:Ca values than sturgeon captured from the St. Croix River, and natal origins and capture locations were not significantly different among sturgeon captured within individual rivers. Most sturgeon were captured in water with a similar Sr:Ca signature as their natal waters, indicating that there is some separation between populations of lake sturgeon in the St. Croix and Mississippi Rivers. However, Sr:Ca data indicated substantial variation in movement patterns among individual lake sturgeon, indicating that populations interact through migrations of individual fish between rivers.
Conclusions
Study results provide baseline condition and food web structure index data for assessing changes in lake sturgeon populations should invasive carps become established in these areas of the Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers. Controlled-exposure and telemetry studies would help verify and enhance the relations between Sr:Ca signatures in water and lake sturgeon pectoral fin rays to further assess mixing of sturgeons between rivers.
Zebrafish caudal fin rays are used as a model system for regeneration because of their high regenerative ability, but studies on the regeneration polarity of the fin ray are limited. To investigate this regeneration polarity, we made a hole to excise part of the fin ray and analyzed the regeneration process. We confirmed that the fin rays always regenerated from the proximal margin toward the distal margin, as previously reported; however, regeneration-related genes were expressed at both the proximal and distal edges of the hole in the early stage of regeneration, suggesting that the regenerative response also occurs at the distal edge. One difference between the proximal and distal margins is a sheet-like tissue that is formed on the apical side of the regenerated tissue at the proximal margin. This sheet-like tissue was not observed at the distal edge. To investigate whether the distal margin was also capable of forming this sheet-like tissue and subsequent regeneration, we kept the distal margin separated from the proximal margin by manipulation. Consequently, the sheet-like tissue was formed at the distal margin and regeneration of the fin ray was also induced. The regenerated fin rays from the distal margin protruded laterally from the caudal fin and then bent distally, and their ends showed the same characteristics as those of the normal fin rays. These results suggest that fin rays have an ability to regenerate in both directions; however, under normal conditions, regeneration is restricted to the proximal margin because the sheet-like tissue is preferentially formed on the apical side of the regenerating tissue from the proximal margin.
Two new species of Rhinogobius found in streams on central part of Palawan Island, Philippines are described. The two new species, Rhinogobius estrellae and Rhinogobius tandikan share unique transverse rows of sensory papillae on the cheek with Rhinogobius similis Gill, 1859, but differ from the latter in fin ray counts, arrangement of the scales, etc. The two new species are distinguished from each other by the pectoral-fin ray count, the longitudinal- and predorsal-scale counts, and colouration of the body. Rhinogobius estrellae new species and R. tandikan new species have been found allopatrically in a stream within Malatgao River system flowing into the Sulu Sea and in the Cayulo River flowing into the South China Sea, respectively. The Malatgao River system is the southernmost habitat of the genus Rhinogobius. Rhinogobius similis had been considered as the only member of the most basal lineage of this genus, but our mitochondrial genome analysis suggested that the two new species are additional members of this lineage. They are considered to be relicts of their common ancestor with R. similis, which probably had a wider distribution.
Soft robotic grippers are able to carry out many tasks that traditional rigid-bodied grippers cannot perform but often have many limitations in terms of control and feedback. In this study, a Fin Ray effect inspired soft robotic gripper is proposed with its whole body directly 3D printed using soft material without the need of assembly. As a result, the soft gripper has a light weight, simple structure, is enabled with high compliance and conformability, and is able to grasp objects with arbitrary geometry. A force sensor is embedded in the inner side of the gripper, which allows the contact force required to grip the object to be measured in order to guarantee successful grasping and to provide the most suitable gripping force. In addition, it enables control and data monitoring of the gripper’s operating state at all times. Characterization and grasping demonstration of the gripper are given in the Experiment section. Results show that the gripper can be used in a wide range of scenarios and applications, such as the service robot and food industry.
The snailfish Osteodiscus abyssicola sp. nov. is described from a single specimen collected off the Pacific coast of Hokkaido, northern Japan, at a depth of 4,671–4,744 m. It is distinguished from all currently recognized congeners by the following combination of characters: vertebrae 49; dorsal-fin rays 44; anal-fin rays 39; principal caudal-fin rays 8; pyloric caeca 5; mouth horizontal; teeth on both jaws simple and sharp, without cusps; upper and lower jaw symphyses without diastema; cephalic pore sizes moderate, similar to or slightly larger than nostril; gill slit extending ventrally to 2nd pectoral-fin ray base; pectoral fin notched; mandibular symphysis to center of anus 101.6% head length (HL); posterior edge of pelvic disk to center of anus 15.5% HL; epural 1, reduced; epipleural ribs absent. An emended diagnosis and key to the species of Osteodiscus are provided.
Assessing the migratory histories, trophic positions, and conditions of lake sturgeon in the St. Croix and Mississippi Rivers using fin ray microchemistry, stable isotopes, and fatty acid profiles