scholarly journals The Interregional Migration of Human Capital: The Case of “First-Class” University Graduates in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Cui ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
The University

AbstractHuman capital has been acknowledged as a key driver for innovation, thereby promoting regional economic development in the knowledge era. University graduates from China’s “first-class” universities—the top 42 universities, included in the “double first-class” initiative, are considered highly educated human capital. Their migration patterns will exert profound impacts on regional development in China, however, little is known about the migration of these elite university graduates and its underlying driving forces. Using data from the 2018 Graduate Employment Reports, this study reveals that the uneven distribution of “first-class” universities and regional differentials largely shaped the migration of graduates from the university to work. Graduates were found aggregating in eastern first-tier cities, even though appealing talent-orientated policies aimed at attracting human capital had been launched in recent years by second-tier cities. Employing negative binomial models, this study investigates how the characteristics of the city of university and destinations affect the intensity of flows of graduates between them. The results showed that both jobs and urban amenities in the university city and destination city exert impacts on the inflow volume of graduates; whereas talent attraction policies introduced by many second-tier cities are found not to exert positive effects on attracting “first-class” university graduates presently. The trend of human capital migration worth a follow-up investigation, particularly given ongoing policy dynamics, and would shed light on the regional development disparities in China.

scholarly journals The Development of University Students’ Cognitive Activity as a Part of Human Capital Growth in Kuzbass Mining Cluster

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 04034
Author(s):  
Natalia Deryabina ◽  
Tatyana Sergeichik
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
State University ◽  
Mining Region ◽  
Capital Growth ◽  
The University ◽  
And Training

Social and economic welfare in Kuzbass as a coal mining region is provided through the development of human capital. This task is accomplished via education and training, enabling improved levels of quality and production at coal mining enterprises. Therefore, the increasing requirements for University graduates imply the need of new forms and updated content in students’ cognitive activity development. The main goal of our research is to identify and justify the conditions for developing students’ cognitive activity in the process of their studying at the University in coal mining region. The article presents data from a study carried out among students and teachers of Kemerovo State University, the largest institution of higher education in Kuzbass. During the research, special attention was paid to implementing the problem-based learning, which allowed students to enhance their activities at lectures, seminars, and in preparing for classes. The results of the study showed progress in students’ independent cognitive activity and their self-motivated attitude to the process of learning due to several factors. The activity of students largely depends on the teachers’ proficiency in supporting, guiding, and monitoring the learning process, as well as on the teaching methods they use. The growth of human capital in terms of higher education becomes a key determinant of the coal mining region’s sustainable development.

scholarly journals The moderating effect of founding assets on the founders’ human capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Prior Literature

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate into the conditions under which founders’ human capital (HC) benefits new venture growth (NVG). One such condition is investigated in this study – initial assets at founding. Specifically, founding assets are hypothesized to moderate the relationship between founders’ HC and NVG. Design/methodology/approach The longitudinal panel database from the Kauffman Firm Survey for the period 2004–2011 was used to test the hypotheses. The final sample consisted of 4,923 firms, with 34,461 observations made over seven years. Findings The regression analysis found the effect of founders’ HC on NVG and the moderating role of founding assets in the HC–NVG relationship. Research limitations/implications New ventures benefit even more from founders’ education level, industry and startup experiences when the startups have larger assets at founding. The effect of founders’ education and experiences on startup growth is contingent upon the initial assets at founding. Practical implications The results of this study can help practitioners and policy makers to understand the drivers of NVG and the interactions among these drivers. Growth-oriented startups may require a large investment in founding assets such as production facilities. Startups with fewer founding assets may find it particularly difficult to negotiate with external stakeholders and may face unusually intense competitive responses from competitors. Policy makers should tailor the support to the founding conditions of new firms. Originality/value The prior literature has shown mostly the independent positive effects of various resources on firm growth. This study argues and empirically shows that startups grow faster when founders with high HC have more assets to utilize. The resource-based view literature was expanded by adding important new causal mechanisms, enriching our understanding of how founders’ HC interact with founding assets, jointly affecting NVG. Like a big fish in a small pond, even highly educated and experienced entrepreneurs have limited opportunities to utilize their talents in a startup with a lower initial resource position.

scholarly journals UNIVERSITY AS CENTRE OF GRADUATES’ AKHLAK EXCELLENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (39) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Mazdi Marzuki ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Abd Rahman ◽  
Khairul Gufran Kaspin ◽  
Mohamad Basri Jamal ◽  
Norshahrul Marzuki Mohd Nor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Real World ◽  
White Collar ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Center Of Excellence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
The University

University is a final education place or destination for students before they walk into a real-world of jobs. However, recent statistics show unpleasant rising cases of white-collar criminals involving professionals and educated people including university graduates proven behavioural and moral crises among our community. This moral crisis also happened in university while students still studying. This can be regarded as moral corruption or leakage among graduates and this issue highly influences their lives. Therefore, the University as a center of excellence and a so-called “sacred place” in knowledge plays a very big role to produce smart graduates academically and morally sound. These smart graduates hence become the best human capital for themselves, the nation, and religions. There are multiple methods that can be implemented to produce a balance smart academic and moral student in university for the betterment of the country’s development in the future.

THE INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE ENGLISH PROFICIENCY OF THE PROSPECTIVE EMPLOYEES: BETWEEN TOEFL AND TOEIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Besin Gaspar ◽  
Yenny Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
First Year ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
New Employees ◽  
The University ◽  
Higher Institutions

Recently the university students are required by their institutions to have the TOEFL score in the fisrt year or in the last year of their study before graduation. Some other higher institutions require their students to submit TOEIC, not TOEFL, before graduation. Companies, in the recruitment process, require the applicants to submit TOEFL score to show their level of English proficiency. The first question is which one is more appropriate for job applicants in the compay: TOEFL  or TOEIC. Another question for university students before graduation is whether to have TOEFL  in the first year or in the last year before graduation. This article aims at answering the two questions raised. The first part will give an overview of various versions of TOEFL  and  TOEIC  and the second part proposes the appropriate English proficiency test  for the recruitment process for new employees and for the university graduates, that is, TOEIC for the company  and TOEFL  for universities  and  colleges. 

The University Student’s Motivation Level on Learning English

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Esmira Mehdiyev ◽  
Celal Teyyar Uğurlu ◽  
Gonca Usta
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
T Test ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Motivation Level ◽  
Motivation Scale ◽  
The University

This study aims to determine the university students’ level of motivation in terms of different variables. A study group of this research has been designed through one of the non-random sampling methods, Using appropriate sampling, 606 students from Faculty of Education of C.U. have been involved in this study. Motivation scale in English Language Learning developed by Mehdiyev,Usta,Uğurlu (2015) was used as an instrument of data collection. T-test and one - way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to resolve problems of this research. As a result of the research the motivation level of university students hasn’t been revealed significantly different regarding to the gender variable. However, considering the t-test results of motivation scale dimensions, confidence, attitude and personal use, significant difference is seen in favour of women in personal use dimension. The level of language learning motivation of female students is higher than men’s regarding to personal use dimension. However, men’s and women’s views don’t differ significantly in attitude and confidence dimensions. University students don’t present significant differences in terms of birth place, parent’s education level, total motivation scores and confident, attitude and personal dimensions. Students’ motivation levels are seen not to be influenced by the places such as village, provision or city where they have spent the most of their lifetime. At the same time the findings revealed that parental status variable in terms of primary, secondary and university graduates has no effects on students’ motivation.

الجامعة الاسلامية العالمية بماليزيا وودورها فى تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها International Islamic University of Malaysia and Its Role in Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
علاء حسنى المزين (Alaa Hosni)
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
The University ◽  
Scientific Documentation

كان من أهم الآثار الإيجابية للصحوة الإسلامية التى عمت العالم الإسلامى بشكل ملحوظ منذ أوائل السبعينيات فى القرن العشرين زيادة إقبال الشعوب الإسلامية على تعلم اللغة العربية، وبدأ الاهتمام الحقيقى لجامعات العالم الإسلامى بتوفير مساقات متخصصة لهذا الغرض منذ أوائل الثمانينات، وكانت الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا التى أسست سنة 1983 من أنشط الجامعات فى هذا الصدد، وهو نشاط استلفت نظر الباحث إذ وجده يستحق الرصد والتوثيق العلمى، والمراجعة إذا اقتضت الضرورة لا بهدف الإشادة بالتجربة بل رغبة فى الإفادة والاستفادة من قبل المختصين من المهتمين بهذا الميدان الحيوى من ميادين خدمة اللغة العربية بل خدمة الإسلام، وحضارته نظرا للارتباط الوثيق بين اللغة العربية وهذا الدين الحنيف باعتبارها لغة كتابه الخالد، والمعلم الرئيس من معالم الهوية الإسلامية المميزة والصمود الحضارى.*****************************************************One of the most positive effects of the Islamic awakening since the early seventies, in the twentieth century, which spread across the Islamic world in a significant manner, has been the increased Muslims’ interest in learning the Arabic language all over the world. There began a real interest in the universities of the Muslim world for the Arabic language by providing specialized courses for this purpose since the early eighties and  the International Islamic University Malaysia established in 1983 has been the most active university in this regard. And this activity of the university drew the interest of the researcher who found it worthy of investigation and scientific documentation as well as of revision, if necessary, not in order to pay tribute to the experience, but for taking advantage and learning from specialists interested in this vital field of the fields of Arabic language service which is actually service of Islam and its civilization considering the strong connection between Islam and the Arabic language, the language of the Qur’Én , the most distinctive feature of Islamic identity and resilience of Islamic civilization.

scholarly journals Improving Undergraduate Life Science Education for the Biosciences Workforce: Overcoming the Disconnect between Educators and Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. es12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Thompson ◽  
Joseph Sanchez ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Judy Costello ◽  
Amrita Madabushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
College And University ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Undergraduate Institutions ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Undergraduate Programs

The BioHealth Capital Region (Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC; BHCR) is flush with colleges and universities training students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines and has one of the most highly educated workforces in the United States. However, current educational approaches and business recruitment tactics are not drawing sufficient talent to sustain the bioscience workforce pipeline. Surveys conducted by the Mid-Atlantic Biology Research and Career Network identified a disconnect between stakeholders who are key to educating, training, and hiring college and university graduates, resulting in several impediments to workforce development in the BHCR: 1) students are underinformed or unaware of bioscience opportunities before entering college and remain so at graduation; 2) students are not job ready at the time of graduation; 3) students are mentored to pursue education beyond what is needed and are therefore overqualified (by degree) for most of the available jobs in the region; 4) undergraduate programs generally lack any focus on workforce development; and 5) few industry–academic partnerships with undergraduate institutions exist in the region. The reality is that these issues are neither surprising nor restricted to the BHCR. Recommendations are presented to facilitate improvement in the preparation of graduates for today’s bioscience industries throughout the United States.

scholarly journals Increasing University Competitiveness through Assessment of Green Content in Curriculum and Eco-Labeling in Higher Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Andrea Okanović ◽  
Jelena Ješić ◽  
Vladimir Đaković ◽  
Simonida Vukadinović ◽  
Andrea Andrejević Panić
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Green Jobs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The University

Growing environmental problems and increasing requirements of green jobs force universities around the world not only to transform their curricula but also to enrich existing ones with contents related to the promotion of sustainable development. This paper aims to show the importance of measuring and monitoring the share of green contents in all university activities, as only in that way it is possible to monitor trends and give realistic assessments of their effect and importance. The paper presents a comparative analysis of different types of methodologies for assessing sustainable activities at universities as well as research conducted at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and its comparison with the University of Gothenburg (Sweden). This research aims to point out the importance of increasing competitiveness in higher education through assessment of green content in a curriculum and its promotion. In this way, through eco-labeling methodology, it would be easier to identify those contents that, in a certain share, contribute to the promotion of sustainable development. Furthermore, this methodology can easily be extended across the country and the region, which would bring positive effects to all stakeholders in higher education.

scholarly journals Alcohol and early mortality (before 65 years) in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort: does any level reduce mortality?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Martínez-González ◽  
María Barbería-Latasa ◽  
Javier Pérez de Rojas ◽  
Ligia J. Domínguez ◽  
Alfredo Gea
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the association between alcohol intake and premature mortality (younger than 65 years) and to explore the effect of potential alcohol underreporting by heavy drinkers. We followed-up 20,272 university graduates. Four categories of alcohol intake were considered (abstainer, light, moderate and heavy consumption). Repeated measurements of alcohol intake and updated information on confounders were used in time-dependent Cox models. Potential underreporting of alcohol intake by some heavy drinkers (likely misclassified as light or moderate drinkers) was explicitly addressed in an attempt to correct potential underreporting by using indirect information. During 12.3 years of median follow-up (interquartile range: 6.8-15.0), 226 participants died before their 65th birthday. A higher risk of early mortality was found for the highest category of alcohol intake (≥50 g/d) in comparison with abstention (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) =2.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38-5.79). In analyses of alcohol as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted HR was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08-1.26), for each 10 g/d of alcohol. This harmful linear association was present both in uncorrected models and in models corrected for potential underreporting. No significant inverse association between light or moderate alcohol intake and premature mortality was observed, even after correcting for potential misclassification. Alcohol intake exhibited a harmful linear dose-response association with premature mortality (<65 years) in this young and highly-educated Mediterranean cohort. Our attempts to correct for potential misclassification did not substantially change these results.

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