scholarly journals Comparative analysis of morphospace of Neotropical Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): disparity in the light of species diversity and activity patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaynara L. Pacheco ◽  
Marcela L. Monné ◽  
Dirk Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Old World ◽  
Morphological Disparity ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Digging Behavior ◽  
Distance Data

AbstractThe striking diversity among herbivorous Scarabaeoidea is still poorly understood. Therefore, we compare in these work linear measurements of body features of Neotropical and Old World linages of Sericini chafers to uncover patterns possibly linked to foraging behavior (day or night activity) or to the success of their diversification in terms of diversity. If diversity in Sericini chafers would be linked to morphological disparity, we would expect in the much less diverse Neotropical lineage a very clear drop of morphological disparity. Comparing the two major sister clades, Old World and Neotropical Sericini, in terms of their disparity and diversity, the here elaborated distance data do not support the hypothesis that morphological disparity could be a driver for the diversity of Sericini in the Old World. The influence of the metacoxal length on morphological disparity appears to represent a possible key for a better understanding of the evolution of Sericini in the Neotropical region (including their lower diversity) and answers the question of why they are so much less diverse than their sister lineage in the Old World. The increasing length of the metacoxal plate appears to be a result of the presence of a secondary metacoxal joint in Old World Sericini, which has a crucial impact on hind leg mobility and digging behavior. General body shape and single morphological characters appear under similar general evolutionary pressure: high morphometric disparity between nocturnal and diurnal Neotropical species was also corroborated by disparity estimated from discrete morphological characters.

scholarly journals Proposal of Tiddergasilus gen. nov. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida) for T. iheringi comb. nov. from the gills of Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae: Characiformes) from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taísa Mendes Marques ◽  
Walter A. Boeger
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Hoplias Malabaricus ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Number Of Segments

Ergasilus von Nordmann, 1832 is the type and the most speciose genus of Ergasilidae, with more than 150 valid species. The first species of this genus, Ergasilusiheringi Tidd, 1942, was described from the Neotropical Region, from the gills of Hopliasmalabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Since then, 35 new species of Ergasilidae have been described from the Neotropics. However, a reanalysis of the available type specimens of E.iheringi revealed features that suggest that it represents a lineage independent from Ergasilus. Consequently, we propose Tiddergasilus gen. nov. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida) to accommodate T.iheringi (Tidd, 1942) comb. nov. The species was re-examined and redescribed based on available type specimens. Tiddergasilus gen. nov. is characterized by species with exopod of leg 4 2-segmented; antenna small and robust, with a short second segment (approximately three times shorter than the first segment), and claw with a unique morphology (short, recurved with a sub-proximal indentation in the inner margin). A phylogenetic analysis, based on a matrix of 15 taxa and 16 morphological characters in PAUP* software 4.0a152, resulted in 15 equally parsimonious trees. Based on this analysis, Tiddergasilus is closely related to a group composed of Neotropical species of Ergasilus – sharing with them antennule with 6-segments. When the highly homoplastic character “number of segments in the antennule” is removed from the analysis, Tiddergasilus forms a polytomy with the clade of genera of the former Vaigamidae, Ergasilus, and the clade Rhinergasilus+Brasergasilus+Pindapixara.

Phylogeny and revised classification of the tribe Elachipterini (Diptera: Chloropidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4471 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
JULIA J. MLYNAREK ◽  
TERRY A. WHEELER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Old World ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Valid Genus ◽  
Outgroup Species

The phylogenetic relationships of the chloropid tribe Elachipterini were analysed. Sixty-eight exemplar species and seven outgroup species were included in a cladistic analysis based on 76 morphological characters of adult specimens in order to test existing, non-phylogenetic, classifications of the tribe. Nine genera are recognized in the Elachipterini: Allomedeia Mlynarek & Wheeler, Alombus Becker, Anatrichus Loew, Ceratobarys Coquillett, Disciphus Becker, Elachiptera Macquart, Goniaspis Duda, Melanochaeta Bezzi and Sepsidoscinis Hendel. Myrmecosepsis Kertesz is synonymised with Anatrichus, and Togeciphus Nishijima and Cyrtomomyia Becker are synonymised with Elachiptera. Ceratobarys is removed from synonymy with Elachiptera and all Neotropical species and two Nearctic species previously assigned to Elachiptera are transferred to Ceratobarys. Melanochaeta is a valid genus; the type species Melanochaeta capreolus clusters with other species of Melanochaeta and not Oscinella. New combinations include Anatrichus hystrix (Kertesz, 1914) (Myrmecosepsis); Anatrichus taprobane (Andersson, 1977) (Myrmecosepsis), Ceratobarys attenuata (Adams, 1908) (Elachiptera); Ceratobarys cultrata (Wheeler & Forrest, 2002) (Elachiptera); Ceratobarys flavida (Williston, 1896) (Elachiptera); Ceratobarys melinifrons (Mlynarek & Wheeler, 2008) (Elachiptera); Ceratobarys fucosa (Mlynarek & Wheeler, 2008) (Elachiptera); Ceratobarys queposana (Mlynarek & Wheeler, 2008) (Elachiptera); Ceratobarys rubida (Becker, 1912) (Elachiptera); Ceratobarys sacculicornis (Enderlein, 1911) (Elachiptera); Ceratobarys willistoni (Sabrosky, 1948)  (Elachiptera), Elachiptera ensifer (Sabrosky, 1951) (Cyrtomomyia); Elachiptera ericius (Kanmiya, 1983) (Togeciphus); Elachiptera katoi (Nishijima, 1955) (Togeciphus); Elachiptera maculinervis (Becker, 1910) (Cyrtomomyia); Elachiptera punctulata (Becker, 1912) (Cyrtomomyia); Elachiptera subelongata (Kanmiya, 1983) (Disciphus); Elachiptera truncatus (Liu & Yang, 2012) (Togeciphus); Elachiptera tuberculata (Adams, 1905) (Cyrtomomyia) and all the species that were placed in Lasiochaeta are returned to Melanochaeta. A key to genera of the tribe Elachipterini is provided and diagnoses are provided for all genera. The tribe is divided into two geographically distinct clades: the Anatrichus clade includes the Old World tropical genera Allomedeia, Alombus, Anatrichus, Disciphus and Sepsidoscinis; the Elachiptera clade includes the primarily Neotropical genera Goniaspis and Ceratobarys and the widespread, but primarily Holarctic, genera Elachiptera and Melanochaeta. 

Additions to the knowledge of Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from the Neotropical region, with description of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4938 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
OLAVI KURINA ◽  
HEIKKI HIPPA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
New Records ◽  
First Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Southern Caribbean

The Neotropical species of the genus Manota Williston are studied, based on material of 146 specimens from French Guiana, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Dominica and the Dominican Republic. Four new species are described, viz. M. corniculata sp. n. (French Guiana), M. pseudocavata sp. n. (French Guiana), M. truuverki sp. n. (French Guiana) and M. vladi sp. n. (Dominican Republic). Manota defecta Williston, 1896, the type species of the genus, is listed from Dominica, representing the first record since its description more than a century ago from a Southern Caribbean Island, St. Vincent. New records of 13 additional species are provided: M. acutistylus Jaschhof & Hippa, 2005 (Dominica), M. aligera Hippa, Kurina & Sääksjärvi, 2017 (French Guiana), M. digitata Hippa, Kurina & Sääksjärvi, 2017 (French Guiana), M. iota Hippa & Kurina, 2013 (French Guiana), M. micula Hippa & Kurina, 2013 (French Guiana), M. nordestina Kurina, Hippa & Amorim, 2018 (French Guiana), M. parva Jaschhof & Hippa, 2005 (Nicaragua), M. pauloides Hippa, Kurina & Sääksjärvi, 2017 (Ecuador), M. perplexa Kurina, Hippa & Amorim, 2017 (Nicaragua), M. rotundistylus Jaschhof & Hippa, 2005 (Ecuador), M. serrulata Hippa, Kurina & Sääksjärvi, 2017 (French Guiana), M. spinosa Jaschhof & Hippa, 2005 (French Guiana), M. subaristata Kurina, Hippa & Amorim, 2017 (Ecuador). The number of Neotropical Manota species has risen to 96. 

Anthropometric Changes in Spaceflight

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110490
Author(s):  
Karen S. Young ◽  
K. Han Kim ◽  
Sudhakar Rajulu
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Space Suit ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Flight Phase ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Shape Changes

Objective This study aims to identify the change in anthropometric measurements during spaceflight due to microgravity exposure. Background Comprehensive and accurate anthropometric measurements are crucial to assess body shape and size changes in microgravity. However, only limited anthropometric data have been available from the astronauts in spaceflight. Methods A new photogrammetry-based technique in combination with a tape-measure method was used for anthropometric measurements from nine crewmembers on the International Space Station. Measurements included circumference and height for body segments (chest, waist, bicep, thigh, calf). The time-dependent variations were also assessed across pre-, in-, and postflight conditions. Results Stature showed a biphasic change with up to 3% increase at the early flight phase, followed by a steady phase during the remaining flight. Postflight measurements returned to a similar level of the preflight. Other linear measurements, including acromion height, showed similar trends. The chest, hip, thigh, and calf circumferences show overall decrease during the flight up to 11%, then returned close to the preflight measurement at postflight. Conclusion The measurements from this study provide critical information for the spacesuit and hardware design. The ground-based assessments for spacesuit fit needs to be revalidated and adjusted for in-flight extravehicular activities from this data. Application These data can be useful for space suit design as well as habitat, vehicle, and additional microgravity activities such as exercise, where the body shape changes can affect fit, performance, and human factors of the overall design.

A cladistic analysis of the Old World species of Lotus L. (Fabaceae: Loteae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Arambarri
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Species Phylogeny ◽  
The World

The diagnostic characters of the genus Lotus L. are a claw with a thickened infolded margin, diadelphous stamens, and a style hardened from the base. This genus contains about 100 species that are distributed throughout the world. To investigate the phylogeny of the Old World species of Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, sections Krokeria, Xantholotus, and Erythrolotus, a cladistic analysis was performed using 31 morphological characters. To test the phylogenetic relationships among species of Lotus-Edentolotus and Dorycnium, Pedrosia, and Tetragonolobus, these taxa were included as part of the ingroup. The polarity of the characters was based on the outgroup comparison method, using Anthyllis as one outgroup and Tripodion as another. The analysis with Anthyllis as outgroup yielded eight equally parsimonious trees (with all characters equally weighted), each with 62 steps, a consistency index of 0.53, and a retention index of 0.75. All trees (including the strict consensus tree from the eight initial trees) showed that genus Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, and sections Xantholotus and Erythrolotus are polyphyletic, with only section Krokeria appearing as monophyletic. On the other hand, the groups of species Lotus angustissimus, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus creticus, and Lotus peregrinus are monophyletic. Identical results were derived from the data matrix using Tripodion as the outgroup. Results are compared with previous cytogenetic and biochemical evidence.Key words: cladistic analysis, Fabaceae, Loteae, Lotus, Old World species, phylogeny.

scholarly journals Big and beautiful: the Megaxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of East Asia and North America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan M. Blank ◽  
Katja Kramp ◽  
David R. Smith ◽  
Yuri N. Sundikov ◽  
Meicai Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Old World ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
First Time

Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898 comprises 13 species, four of which are described as new and one is removed from synonymy: Megaxyela euchroma Blank, Shinohara & Wei sp. nov. from China (Zheijang), M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara & Wei sp. nov. from China (Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), M. inversa Blank & D.R. Smith sp. nov. from the USA (West Virginia), M. langstoni Ross, 1936 sp. rev. from the eastern USA, and M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara & Sundukov sp. nov. from China (Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Tibet), South Korea (Kangwon-do) and Russia (Primorskiy Kray). The male of M. parki Shinohara, 1992 is described for the first time. A lectotype is designated for M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909. A cladogram, based on COI sequences of seven species, is presented and interpreted in view of selected morphological characters. Records of M. fulvago sp. nov. from Hunan and of M. pulchra sp. nov. from Tibet extend the known distribution of Megaxyela in the Old World 600 kilometers farther south and 2500 kilometers farther west than previous records.

Taxonomy of the Sylvilagus brasiliensis complex in Central and South America (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Ruedas ◽  
Sofia Marques Silva ◽  
Johnnie H French ◽  
Roy Nelson Platt ◽  
Jorge Salazar-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Taxonomic Framework

Abstract A taxonomic framework for South American cottontail rabbits (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) was recently published by Diersing and Wilson (2017). Although we agree with some of its taxonomic conclusions (e.g., species status for S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens), we disagree with others. We provide herein evidence supporting S. andinus as a valid species based on morphological characters and novel molecular data. We also provide details of the morphological characters of S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens that support separating these from S. brasiliensis. We adduce data suggestive to the effect that—absent any type material—S. defilippi is at best a nomen dubium. Finally, we provide evidence in support of recognizing additional Neotropical species of Sylvilagus. Un esquema taxonómico para los conejos sudamericanos (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) fue recientemente publicado por Diersing y Wilson (2017). Aunque estamos de acuerdo con algunas de sus conclusiones (por ejemplo: estatus de especie válida para S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens), no estamos de acuerdo con las restantes conclusiones taxonómicas. Aportamos aquí pruebas convincentes sobre la característica naturaleza de los caracteres morfológicos y moleculares de S. andinus, pruebas que esgrimimos en apoyo de la hipótesis que esta última es una especie válida, así confirmando su escisión de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos detalles de los caracteres morfológicos de S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens que confirman la decisión taxonómica de asimismo separarlos de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos datos en aditamento que indican que a falta de cualquier material tipo para S. defilippi, este nombre es en el mejor de los casos un nomen dubium. Finalmente, ofrecemos datos y evidencia apoyando nuestras decisiones de reconocer un mayor número de especies Neotropicales de Sylvilagus que previamente se conocían.

scholarly journals Two new species of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Fanniidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Couri
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Janeiro State

Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy is known from 63 neotropical species, 24 of them with occurence in Rio de Janeiro State. Two new species from Rio de Janeiro State are added to the genus: F. tibialis, sp. n and F. unica, sp. n. Male specimens of both are described. Morphological characters and terminalia are illustrated. Each species is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Description of a new species of Macronychia Rondani (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae), with a key to the New World species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2832 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO RICARDO MULIERI ◽  
JUAN CARLOS MARILUIS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
New World ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
World Species ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
A New Species

The Miltogramminae of the Neotropical Region are low in species diversity, with no endemic genera (Pape 1996). However, the actual number of Neotropical species in this subfamily is expected to be higher according to the few comprehensive taxonomic revisions (e.g., Pape 1987a, 1989).

Two genera of Panchaetothripinae newly recorded from China, with first description of males of Opimothrips tubulatus (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4567 (3) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANLAN XIE ◽  
YAJIN LI ◽  
ZHENGYUE LI ◽  
HONGRUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Tropics

The subfamily Panchaetothripinae comprises 40 extant genera worldwide (ThripsWiki 2019), although only 15 genera are previously recorded from China (Mirab-balou et al. 2016; Li et al. 2018). Panchaetothripinae thrips are characterized by the strong reticulations on the body and leg. Wilson (1975) recognized three tribes in this subfamily, Panchaetothripini, Monilothripini and Tryphactothripini, but only tribe Tryphactothripini was relatively supported based on morphological characters (Mound et al. 2001). Species in this Tribe have abdominal segment II constricted at the base and bearing laterally patches of strong ridges, wart-like tubercles or stoutly recurved microtrichia, and abdominal segment X tends to be asymmetrical. Recently, two further genera of Tryphactothripini were found in Southern China, Noathrips and Opimothrips. These two monotypic genera are reported only from the Old World tropics, Noathrips from India and Sri Lanka, and Opimothrips only from Thailand (Bhatti 1967; Kudô 1979; Nonaka & Okajima 1992). The purpose of this paper is to record these two genera from China, together with the first description of the male of Opimothrips tubulatus. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document