scholarly journals An MFV-based image processing filter and its application to seismic tomographic images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tünde Edit Dobróka
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Travel Time Data ◽  
Most Frequent Value ◽  
Non Gaussian

AbstractIn the tomographic reconstruction of seismic travel time data, care must be taken to keep the propagation of data errors to the model space under control. The non-Gaussian noise distribution—especially the outliers in the data sets- can cause appreciable distortions in the tomographic imaging. To reduce the noise sensitivity well-developed tomography algorithms can be used. On the other hand, the quality of the tomogram can further be improved by using image processing tools. In the paper, a newly developed robust filter is presented, in which the Most Frequent Value (MFV) method developed by Steiner is applied. To analyze the noise reduction capability of the new filter (called Steiner-filter) and to compare it to smoothing filters based on arithmetic- and binomial mean, as well as median, medium-sized tomographic images are used. The MFV-based filter is successfully tested also in edge detection procedures.

scholarly journals Novel and Practical Method to Quantify the Quality of Mobility: Mobility Energy Productivity Metric

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (10) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Hou ◽  
Venu Garikapati ◽  
Ambarish Nag ◽  
Stanley E. Young ◽  
Tom Grushka
Keyword(s):  
Practical Method ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Travel Time Data ◽  
Application Programming

Recent technology innovations are enabling fundamental improvements in mobility systems, including options for new travel modes, methods, and opportunities to connect people with goods, services, and employment. A desire to quantify and compare both existing and emerging transportation options motivated development of the mobility energy productivity (MEP) metric described here. The MEP metric fundamentally measures the potential of a city’s transportation system to connect a person to a variety of services and activities that define a high quality of life, relative to the convenience, cost, and energy needed to provide these connections. Fundamentally derived from accessibility theory, the MEP advances practice by using readily available travel time data (either from web-based application programming interfaces or outputs from an urban transportation model) combined with established parameters that reflect the energy intensity and cost of various travel modes, and relative frequency of activity engagement. The construction of the MEP metric allows for aggregation and disaggregation to the appropriate spatial, modal, and trip purpose resolution, as analysis needs dictate. The MEP could be used to compare alternative futures related to technology, infrastructure investment, or policy, providing a much-needed tool for planners, researchers, and analysts.

Evaluating Commercial Probe Data Quality on Arterial Facilities: Insights From Multi-Year Cross-Vendor Validation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110384
Author(s):  
Zachary Vander Laan ◽  
Elham Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Error Metrics ◽  
Travel Time Data ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

This paper summarizes the findings from five years of commercial probe data validation conducted in the United States through the I-95 Corridor Coalition Vehicle Probe Project (VPP), focusing specifically on how travel time data quality on arterial facilities has changed since an initial study evaluated it during 2013 and 2014. Thirteen separate arterial validation efforts were conducted from 2014 to 2018 as part of VPP Phase II (VPPII), and data quality from three commercial probe vendors was evaluated through comparison with reference travel time data obtained via re-identification technology. Using two evaluation techniques—a traditional analysis that summarizes the accuracy of precision and bias error metrics, and a slowdown analysis that quantifies each vendor’s ability to capture major slowdown events—the results from VPPII studies are compared with data quality previously observed from nine validation efforts during Phase I (VPPI) from 2013 to 2014. The results show clear improvement in VPPII accuracy levels and suggest that commercial travel time data sets are suitable for many planning and operations applications.

Quality of Private Sector Travel-Time Data on Arterials

2016 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 04016010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Hu ◽  
Michael D. Fontaine ◽  
Jiaqi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Travel Time Data

scholarly journals Unveiling Tatun volcanic plumbing structure induced by post-collisional extension of Taiwan mountain belt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hua Huang ◽  
E.-S. Wu ◽  
C.-H. Lin ◽  
J. Y.-T. Ko ◽  
M.-H. Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Magma Reservoir ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Travel Time Data ◽  
Volcanic Plumbing System

AbstractThe Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) is proximal to the metropolis of Taipei City (population of ca. 7 million) and has long been a major concern due to the potential risks from volcanic activity to the population and critical infrastructure. While the TVG has been previously considered a dormant or extinct volcano, recent evidence suggests a much younger age of the last eruption event (~ 6000 years) and possible existence of a magma reservoir beneath the TVG. However, the location, dimension, and detailed geometry of the magma reservoir and plumbing system remains largely unknown. To examine the TVG volcanic plumbing structure in detail, the local P-wave travel time data and the teleseismic waveform data from a new island-wide Formosa Array Project are combined for a 3D tomographic joint inversion. The new model reveals a magma reservoir with a notable P-wave velocity reduction of 19% (ca. ~ 19% melt fraction) at 8–20 km beneath eastern TVG and with possible northward extension to a shallower depth near where active submarine volcanoes that have been detected. Enhanced tomographic images also reveal sporadic magmatic intrusion/underplating in the lower crust of Husehshan Range and northern Taiwan. These findings suggest an active volcanic plumbing system induced by post-collisional extension associated with the collapse of the orogen.

scholarly journals Investigation with Bluetooth Sensors of Bicycle Travel Time Estimation on a Short Corridor

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 303521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Mei ◽  
Dianhai Wang ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Travel Time Estimation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Travel Time Data

Accurate travel time information acquisition is essential to the effective planning and management of bicycle travel conditions. Traditionally, video camera data have been used as the primary source for measuring the quality of bicycle travel time. This paper deals with an investigation of bicycle travel time estimation on a short corridor, using Bluetooth sensors, based on field survey of travel time at one arterial road in Hangzhou. Usually bicycle travel time estimates with Bluetooth sensors contain three types of errors: spatial error, temporal error, and sampling error. To avoid these, we introduced filters to “purify” the time series. A median filtering algorithm is used to eliminate the outlier observations. The filtering scheme has been applied on Genshan East Road and Moganshan Road. Test data are used to measure the quality of bicycle travel time data collected by the Bluetooth sensors, and the results show that the new technology is a promising method for collecting high-quality travel time data that can be used as ground truth for evaluating other sources of travel time and other intelligent transportation system applications.

Arterial Travel Time Validation and Augmentation with Two Independent Data Sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 2526 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechi Zhang ◽  
Masoud Hamedi ◽  
Ali Haghani
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Travel Time Data ◽  
Time Information ◽  
Fusion Framework ◽  
Validation Scheme

Travel time data are a key input to applications of intelligent transportation systems. Advancement in vehicle tracking and reidentification technologies and proliferation of location-aware and connected devices have made networkwide travel time data available to transportation management agencies. The trend started with data collection on freeways and has been quickly extended to arterials. Although the freeway travel time data have been validated extensively in recent years, the quality of arterial travel time data is not well known. This paper presents a comprehensive validation scheme for arterial travel time data based on GPS probe and Bluetooth data as two independent sources. Since travel time on arterials is subject to a higher degree of variation than that on freeways, mainly because of the presence of signals, a new validation methodology based on the coefficient of variation is introduced. Moreover, a context-dependent travel time fusion framework is developed to improve the reliability of travel time information by fusing data from multiple sources. All 2012 data from a busy arterial corridor in Maryland are used to demonstrate the proposed comparison and augmentation model.

Trust in the Police: Cross-country Comparisons

2012 ◽  
pp. 24-47
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson ◽  
G. Monusova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Police Activity

Using different cross-country data sets and simple econometric techniques we study public attitudes towards the police. More positive attitudes are more likely to emerge in the countries that have better functioning democratic institutions, less prone to corruption but enjoy more transparent and accountable police activity. This has a stronger impact on the public opinion (trust and attitudes) than objective crime rates or density of policemen. Citizens tend to trust more in those (policemen) with whom they share common values and can have some control over. The latter is a function of democracy. In authoritarian countries — “police states” — this tendency may not work directly. When we move from semi-authoritarian countries to openly authoritarian ones the trust in the police measured by surveys can also rise. As a result, the trust appears to be U-shaped along the quality of government axis. This phenomenon can be explained with two simple facts. First, publicly spread information concerning police activity in authoritarian countries is strongly controlled; second, the police itself is better controlled by authoritarian regimes which are afraid of dangerous (for them) erosion of this institution.

Estimating OLED Display Device Lifetime from pixel and screen brightness and its application

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gerhardt ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
Hyunjin Yoo ◽  
Tara Akhavan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Display Device ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oled Display

In this paper we discuss a model to estimate the power consumption and lifetime (LT) of an OLED display based on its pixel value and the brightness setting of the screen (scbr). This model is used to illustrate the effect of OLED aging on display color characteristics. Model parameters are based on power consumption measurement of a given display for a number of pixel and scbr combinations. OLED LT is often given for the most stressful display operating situation, i.e. white image at maximum scbr, but having the ability to predict the LT for other configurations can be meaningful to estimate the impact and quality of new image processing algorithms. After explaining our model we present a use case to illustrate how we use it to evaluate the impact of an image processing algorithm for brightness adaptation.

A Fast Method for Defogging of Outdoor Visual Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tannistha Pal
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Visual Surveillance ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Image Defogging ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Dark Channel

Images captured in severe atmospheric catastrophe especially in fog critically degrade the quality of an image and thereby reduces the visibility of an image which in turn affects several computer vision applications like visual surveillance detection, intelligent vehicles, remote sensing, etc. Thus acquiring clear vision is the prime requirement of any image. In the last few years, many approaches have been made towards solving this problem. In this article, a comparative analysis has been made on different existing image defogging algorithms and then a technique has been proposed for image defogging based on dark channel prior strategy. Experimental results show that the proposed method shows efficient results by significantly improving the visual effects of images in foggy weather. Also computational time of the existing techniques are much higher which has been overcame in this paper by using the proposed method. Qualitative assessment evaluation is performed on both benchmark and real time data sets for determining theefficacy of the technique used. Finally, the whole work is concluded with its relative advantages and shortcomings.

scholarly journals Smarter Open Government Data for Society 5.0: Are Your Open Data Smart Enough?

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5204
Author(s):  
Anastasija Nikiforova
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Government Data

Nowadays, governments launch open government data (OGD) portals that provide data that can be accessed and used by everyone for their own needs. Although the potential economic value of open (government) data is assessed in millions and billions, not all open data are reused. Moreover, the open (government) data initiative as well as users’ intent for open (government) data are changing continuously and today, in line with IoT and smart city trends, real-time data and sensor-generated data have higher interest for users. These “smarter” open (government) data are also considered to be one of the crucial drivers for the sustainable economy, and might have an impact on information and communication technology (ICT) innovation and become a creativity bridge in developing a new ecosystem in Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. The paper inspects OGD portals of 60 countries in order to understand the correspondence of their content to the Society 5.0 expectations. The paper provides a report on how much countries provide these data, focusing on some open (government) data success facilitating factors for both the portal in general and data sets of interest in particular. The presence of “smarter” data, their level of accessibility, availability, currency and timeliness, as well as support for users, are analyzed. The list of most competitive countries by data category are provided. This makes it possible to understand which OGD portals react to users’ needs, Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 request the opening and updating of data for their further potential reuse, which is essential in the digital data-driven world.

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