scholarly journals Implementation of ACTS into sPHENIX Track Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Osborn ◽  
Anthony D. Frawley ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Sookhyun Lee ◽  
Hugo Pereira Da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Flavor ◽  
Track Reconstruction ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

AbstractsPHENIX is a high energy nuclear physics experiment under construction at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The primary physics goals of sPHENIX are to study the quark-gluon-plasma, as well as the partonic structure of protons and nuclei, by measuring jets, their substructure, and heavy flavor hadrons in $$p$$ p $$+$$ + $$p$$ p , p + Au, and Au + Au collisions. sPHENIX will collect approximately 300 PB of data over three run periods, to be analyzed using available computing resources at BNL; thus, performing track reconstruction in a timely manner is a challenge due to the high occupancy of heavy ion collision events. The sPHENIX experiment has recently implemented the A Common Tracking Software (ACTS) track reconstruction toolkit with the goal of reconstructing tracks with high efficiency and within a computational budget of 5 s per minimum bias event. This paper reports the performance status of ACTS as the default track fitting tool within sPHENIX, including discussion of the first implementation of a time projection chamber geometry within ACTS.

Recombinant Science: The Birth of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Crease
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
To Come ◽  
High Energy Regime

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was the first facility to move the subfield of nuclear physics into the relativistic (very high-energy) regime. From the time of its formal proposal in 1984 to the start of its operation in 2000, it anchored a profound reconfiguration of Brookhaven's mission. This article analyzes the process by which RHIC came to seem the best solution to a problem thrust upon the Brookhaven laboratory administration by the planning and funding demands of the early 1980s, which required creative reconfiguration of resources and programs from long-established national laboratories accustomed to pursuing particular kinds of science. The RHIC story is an example of "recombinant science," as Catherine Westfall has labeled it, which does not occur as a natural outgrowth of previous research. In the recombinant science that gave birth to RHIC, the ends as well as the means arose as the result of contingencies and convergences that required researchers from multiple subfields to adapt their intentions and methods, sometimes awkwardly. Against a backdrop of limited budgets, increasing oversight, and competitive claims from other labs and projects, this case study illustrates how many strands had to come together simultaneously in RHIC, including changes in theoretical interest, experimental developments, and the existence of hardware assets---plus leadership and several lucky breaks.

scholarly journals Chiral Magnetic Effects in Nuclear Collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Chiral Magnetic Effect

The interplay of quantum anomalies with strong magnetic fields and vorticity in chiral systems could lead to novel transport phenomena, such as the chiral magnetic effect (CME), the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). In high-energy nuclear collisions, these chiral effects may survive the expansion of a quark–gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. The experimental searches for the CME, the CMW, and the CVE have aroused extensive interest over the past couple of decades. The main goal of this article is to review the latest experimental progress in the search for these novel chiral transport phenomena at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Future programs to help reduce uncertainties and facilitate the interpretation of the data are also discussed.

Particle Identification in High Energy Collisions at RHIC

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T Love
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

This article provides a technical introduction to the study of collider physics by focusing on the concept of particle identification (PID). Through a general overview of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction Experiment (PHENIX), the author discusses the role of Vanderbilt University researchers in collaborative work at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. After explaining the concept of event reconstruction and centrality with graphical images of experimental results, the author outlines the time-of-flight method of particle identification in high energy physics. A final presentation of the design concept for the Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) integrates the more traditional foundations of theoretical physics with the next generation of physics experimentation in the field.

scholarly journals A New Heavy Flavor Program for the Future Electron-Ion Collider

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 04002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Li ◽  
Ivan Vitev ◽  
Melynda Brooks ◽  
Lukasz Cincio ◽  
J. Matthew Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Heavy Flavor ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Heavy Flavor Production ◽  
The Future

The proposed high-energy and high-luminosity Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) will provide one of the cleanest environments to precisely determine the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) in a wide x–Q2 range. Heavy flavor production at the EIC provides access to nPDFs in the poorly constrained high Bjorken-x region, allows us to study the quark and gluon fragmentation processes, and constrains parton energy loss in cold nuclear matter. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory are developing a new physics program to study heavy flavor production, flavor tagged jets, and heavy flavor hadron-jet correlations in the nucleon/nucleus going direction at the future EIC. The proposed measurements will provide a unique way to explore the flavor dependent fragmentation functions and energy loss in a heavy nucleus. They will constrain the initial-state effects that are critical for the interpretation of previous and ongoing heavy ion measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. We show an initial conceptual design of the proposed Forward Silicon Tracking (FST) detector at the EIC, which is essential to carry out the heavy flavor measurements. We further present initial feasibility studies/simulations of heavy flavor hadron reconstruction using the proposed FST.

scholarly journals QCD COLLISIONAL ENERGY LOSS IN AN INCREASINGLY INTERACTING QUARK–GLUON PLASMA

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 3105-3122
Author(s):  
M. B. GAY DUCATI ◽  
V. P. GONÇALVES ◽  
L. F. MACKEDANZ
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Quark Gluon Plasma ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Jet Quenching ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

The discovery of the jet quenching in central Au + Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory has provided clear evidence for the formation of strongly interacting dense matter. It has been predicted to occur due to the energy loss of high energy partons that propagate through the quark–gluon plasma. In this paper we investigate the dependence of the parton energy loss due to elastic scatterings in a parton plasma on the value of the strong coupling and its running with the evolution of the system. We analyze different prescriptions for the QCD coupling and calculate the energy and length dependence of the fractional energy loss. Moreover, the partonic quenching factor for light and heavy quarks is estimated. We found that the predicted enhancement of the heavy to light hadrons (D/π) ratio is strongly dependent on the running of the QCD coupling constant.

scholarly journals Latest Results from RHIC + Progress on Determining q ^ L in RHI Collisions Using Di-Hadron Correlations

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tannenbaum
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Collider Physics ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
The Future

Results from Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Physics in 2018 and plans for the future at Brookhaven National Laboratory are presented.

scholarly journals Development of a Polarized Helium-3 Source for RHIC and eRHIC

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1660102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Maxwell ◽  
C. Epstein ◽  
R. Milner ◽  
J. Alessi ◽  
E. Beebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Optical Pumping ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
The Status ◽  
Helium 3

The addition of a polarized 3He ion source for use at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory would enable a host of new measurements, particularly in the context of a planned eRHIC. We are developing such a source using metastability exchange optical pumping to polarize helium-3, which will be then transferred into RHIC’s Electron Beam Ion Source for ionization. We aim to deliver nuclear polarization of near 70%, and roughly 10[Formula: see text] doubly-ionized 3He[Formula: see text] ions will be created in each 20 [Formula: see text]sec pulse. We discuss the design of the source, and the status of its development.

scholarly journals A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions

Particles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Luo ◽  
Shusu Shi ◽  
Nu Xu ◽  
Yifei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Baryon Density ◽  
Heavy Flavor ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Qcd Phase Diagram ◽  
Beam Energy Scan ◽  
Ion Collision

With the aim of understanding the phase structure of nuclear matter created in high-energy nuclear collisions at finite baryon density, a beam energy scan program has been carried out at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In this mini-review, most recent experimental results on collectivity, criticality and heavy flavor productions will be discussed. The goal here is to establish the connection between current available data and future heavy-ion collision experiments in a high baryon density region.

Explosion Hazard Analysis for the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider PHENIX Detector

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Ciccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Experimental Hall ◽  
Block Wall

Abstract Currently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a large 3.8 km in circumference collider called the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The collider is capable of creating thousands of head-on collisions between beams of heavy ions, e.g., gold, or polarized protons traveling at nearly the speed of light Four experiments built along RHIC’s underground ring will measure the particles unleashed when the beams collide. This study deals with the PHENIX Detector which roughly fills an Experimental Hall with a floor area of 18.6 m by 15.8 m and a height of 14.3 m. The RHIC tunnel connects to the Experimental Hall through two opposite walls. The large tunnel openings are almost completely obstructed by massive steel plates which are part of the PHENIX Muon detector system. The Experimental Hall walls are all fixed except for one which is constructed from 1.7 m thick concrete blocks covering an opening which is 18 m wide by 14.0 m high. This block wall has a plug door which is designed to be unstacked so that large PHENIX detector systems can be transferred from the Experimental Hall into the adjacent Assembly Hall when required. The detector consists of several systems, each with its own role in detecting subatomic particles. Combustible gases such as ethane, isobutane, and methane are used in several of the detector systems. In particular, one of the systems called the Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector (RICH) uses 80 m3 of pure ethane in two welded aluminum frames each with two large 0.127 mm thick aluminized KAPTON windows. The ethane gas is maintained at a pressure of a fraction of an inch of water above the ambient pressure. The work reported here deals with a safety analysis for a hypothetical accident scenario whereby the RICH windows are damaged and all the ethane inventory is released into the Experimental Hall, mixed with the ambient air and ignited. The objective of the analysis was to determine the scope of damage to the experiment and danger to personnel under various accident scenarios involving the extent of ethane gas release, the degree of mixing with ambient air and the mode of combustion. If all the ethane is assumed to be released and allowed to mix with the entire volume of air contained within the Experimental Hall, the calculations show that ignition of this mixture would not result in the collapse of the block wall.

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