scholarly journals Bio-inspired Fog Harvesting Materials: Basic Research and Bionic Potential Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-533
Author(s):  
Kui Wan ◽  
Xuelian Gou ◽  
Zhiguang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Water Transmission

AbstractWith the explosive growth of the world’s population and the rapid increase in industrial water consumption, the world’s water supply has fallen into crisis. The shortage of fresh water resources has become a global problem, especially in arid regions. In nature, many organisms can collect water from foggy water under harsh conditions, which provides us with inspiration for the development of new functional fog harvesting materials. A large number of bionic special wettable synthetic surfaces are synthesized for water mist collection. In this review, we introduce some water collection phenomena in nature, outline the basic theories of biological water harvesting, and summarize six mechanisms of biological water collection: increased surface wettability, increased water transmission area, long-distance water delivery, water accumulation and storage, condensation promotion, and gravity-driven. Then, the water collection mechanisms of three typical organisms and their synthesis are discussed. And their function, water collection efficiency, new developments in their biomimetic materials are narrated, which are cactus, spider and desert beetles. The study of multiple bionics was inspired by the discovery of Nepenthes’ moist and smooth peristome. The excellent characteristics of a variety of biological water collection structures, combined with each other, are far superior to other single synthetic surfaces. Furthermore, the main problems in the preparation and application of biomimetic fog harvesting materials and the future development trend of materials fog harvesting are prospected.

Bioinspired Dual-Tier Coalescence for Water-Collection Efficiency Enhancement

Langmuir ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (44) ◽  
pp. 13409-13415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara T. W. Ang ◽  
Choon Hwai Yap ◽  
Wee Siang Vincent Lee ◽  
Junmin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Water Collection

scholarly journals Safety Study on Wax Deposition in Crude Oil Pipeline

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Bin Yao ◽  
Deyin Zhao ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wax Precipitation ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics

The Shunbei crude oil pipeline is prepared to use the unheated transportation process to transport waxy crudes. However, the wax formation in the pipeline is unknown. In order to predict the wax deposition of the pipeline, the physical property experiment of Shunbei crude oil was carried out through field sampling. The density, freezing point, hydrocarbon composition, and viscosity–temperature characteristics of crude oil are obtained. The cloud point and wax precipitation characteristics of the crude oil were obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis method. Then, the wax deposition rate of the pipeline was predicted by two methods: OLGA software and wax deposition kinetic model. Finally, the optimal pigging cycle of the pipeline was calculated on this basis. The results show that: Shunbei crude oil is a light crude oil with low wax content, a low freezing point, and a high cloud point. Comparing the OLGA simulation results with the calculation results of the Huang Qiyu model, the development trend of wax deposition along the pipeline was the same under different working conditions. The relative error of the maximum wax layer thickness was 6%, proving that it is feasible for OLGA to simulate wax deposition in long-distance crude oil pipelines. Affected by the wax precipitation characteristics of Shunbei crude oil, there was a peak of wax precipitation between the pipeline section where crude oil temperature was 9.31–13.31 °C and the recommended pigging cycle at the lowest throughput was 34 days in winter and 51 days in spring and autumn.

scholarly journals Protein Adsorption: A Feasible Method for Nanoparticle Functionalization?

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Cagliani ◽  
Francesca Gatto ◽  
Giuseppe Bardi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Corona Formation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Or Gene

Nanomaterials are now well-established components of many sectors of science and technology. Their sizes, structures, and chemical properties allow for the exploration of a vast range of potential applications and novel approaches in basic research. Biomedical applications, such as drug or gene delivery, often require the release of nanoparticles into the bloodstream, which is populated by blood cells and a plethora of small peptides, proteins, sugars, lipids, and complexes of all these molecules. Generally, in biological fluids, a nanoparticle’s surface is covered by different biomolecules, which regulate the interactions of nanoparticles with tissues and, eventually, their fate. The adsorption of molecules onto the nanomaterial is described as “corona” formation. Every blood particulate component can contribute to the creation of the corona, although small proteins represent the majority of the adsorbed chemical moieties. The precise rules of surface-protein adsorption remain unknown, although the surface charge and topography of the nanoparticle seem to discriminate the different coronas. We will describe examples of adsorption of specific biomolecules onto nanoparticles as one of the methods for natural surface functionalization, and highlight advantages and limitations. Our critical review of these topics may help to design appropriate nanomaterials for specific drug delivery.

Humidity Controlled Diffractometry and its Applications

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radko A. Kühnel ◽  
Sjerry J. van der Gaast
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Hydrous Minerals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Special Attachment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Total Structure ◽  
Structure Collapse

AbstractHumidity sensitive mineral phases change their structure when humidity varies resulting in X-ray pattern changes in intensity, position, and shape of lines. These structural changes in hydrous minerals are induced by dehydration and rehydration, which can lead to phase transformations or to steady depletion which may result in a total structure collapse. By means of X-ray diffraction with a special attachment, such reactions can be followed. The controlled relative humidity is provided in situ, in a closed cell, by a flow of moistened helium gas which is flushed through the cell during the XRD analysis. Humidity diffractometry allows studies of reaction rates of dehydration-rehydration reactions and their reversibilities, as well as effects of additives and impurities on these reactions. Potential applications in basic research and in industry are demonstrated using montmorilionite, ettringites, sodium carbonates and calcium sulfates.

scholarly journals Peripheral Network Connectivity Analyses for the Real-Time Tracking of Coupled Bodies in Motion

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilelmini Kalampratsidou ◽  
Elizabeth B. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Coordination Patterns

Dyadic interactions are ubiquitous in our lives, yet they are highly challenging to study. Many subtle aspects of coupled bodily dynamics continuously unfolding during such exchanges have not been empirically parameterized. As such, we have no formal statistical methods to describe the spontaneously self-emerging coordinating synergies within each actor’s body and across the dyad. Such cohesive motion patterns self-emerge and dissolve largely beneath the awareness of the actors and the observers. Consequently, hand coding methods may miss latent aspects of the phenomena. The present paper addresses this gap and provides new methods to quantify the moment-by-moment evolution of self-emerging cohesiveness during highly complex ballet routines. We use weighted directed graphs to represent the dyads as dynamically coupled networks unfolding in real-time, with activities captured by a grid of wearable sensors distributed across the dancers’ bodies. We introduce new visualization tools, signal parameterizations, and a statistical platform that integrates connectivity metrics with stochastic analyses to automatically detect coordination patterns and self-emerging cohesive coupling as they unfold in real-time. Potential applications of these new techniques are discussed in the context of personalized medicine, basic research, and the performing arts.

Coal Mine Safety Management Researching Situation Analysis Based on Knowledge Map

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1003-1009
Author(s):  
Hong Xia Li ◽  
Long Zhao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Knowledge Mapping ◽  
Classical Literature

In order to understand the characteristics and law of development of coal research in the field of safety management, the papers published data from 1993--2013 based on Web of Science database and the Java platform development CitespaceIII visualization software for scientific knowledge map drawing is used. Through the knowledge map visualization analysis, it shows the origin of the research of international coal safety management and foundation of knowledge, and its basic and frontier disciplines. The results show that: through the visual keywords co-occurrence knowledge mapping analysis, high frequency keywords and high degree of heart keyword ranked in the top 10. It also shows the hot spot area and the development trend in the research field of coal safety management; from the literature co-citation results, classical literature and knowledge of basic research on coal safety management field, it plays an important role in the development process of the research in the field of visualization; through the journal co-citation analysis of knowledge map, it gets higher yield and literature journal, such as SAFETY SCI, COAL SCI TECHNOLOGY, CHINA COAL and the like, which shows that in the study of coal safety management field quantity of periodicals, China is the first, which explains China's leading position in the field of safety management of coal.

Applications of Microwave Treatment of Hazardous Wastes: a) Non-Volatile Organics; b) Heavy Metals

1990 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Dauerman ◽  
Gabriele Windgasse ◽  
Huiping Gu ◽  
Nagui Ibrahim ◽  
El-Hamy Sedhom
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Volatile Organics ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Basic Research Grant ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTThis laboratory is characterizing the mechanisms underlying the potential applications of microwave treatment to the remediation of hazardous waste streams under an Environmental Protection Agency Basic Research grant. Applications that have been investigated encompass the following processes(1-14): volatilization of organics from substrates; ‘chemical fixation’ of non-volatile organics in substrates; ‘chemical fixation’ of heavy metals in substrates; kinetics of decomposition of organics in the gas phase using fixed and ‘lossy’ beds. To-date the work has been carried out on a bench-scale level. Pilot plant studies are now beginning. This paper will focus on studies carried out on non-volatile organics and heavy metals, specifically, chromium.

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