scholarly journals A time series assessment of terrestrial water storage and its relationship with hydro-meteorological factors in Gilgit-Baltistan region using GRACE observation and GLDAS-Noah model

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dostdar Hussain ◽  
Aftab Ahmed Khan ◽  
Syed Najam Ul Hassan ◽  
Syed Ali Asad Naqvi ◽  
Akhtar Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

AbstractMountains regions like Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) province of Pakistan are solely dependent on seasonal snow and glacier melt. In Indus basin which forms in GB, there is a need to manage water in a sustainable way for the livelihood and economic activities of the downstream population. It is important to monitor water resources that include glaciers, snow-covered area, lakes, etc., besides traditional hydrological (point-based measurements by using the gauging station) and remote sensing-based studies (traditional satellite-based observations provide terrestrial water storage (TWS) change within few centimeters from the earth’s surface); the TWS anomalies (TWSA) for the GB region are not investigated. In this study, the TWSA in GB region is considered for the period of 13 years (from January 2003 to December 2016). Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) level 2 monthly data from three processing centers, namely Centre for Space Research (CSR), German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), System Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)-driven Noah model, and in situ precipitation data from weather stations, were used for the study investigation. GRACE can help to forecast the possible trends of increasing or decreasing TWS with high accuracy as compared to the past studies, which do not use satellite gravity data. Our results indicate that TWS shows a decreasing trend estimated by GRACE (CSR, GFZ, and JPL) and GLDAS-Noah model, but the trend is not significant statistically. The annual amplitude of GLDAS-Noah is greater than GRACE signal. Mean monthly analysis of TWSA indicates that TWS reaches its maximum in April, while it reaches its minimum in October. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation is determined between GRACE estimated TWS with precipitation, soil moisture (SM) and snow water equivalent (SWE). We also assess the factors, SM and SWE which are the most efficient parameters producing GRACE TWS signal in the study area. In future, our results with the support of more in situ data can be helpful for conservation of natural resources and to manage flood hazards, droughts, and water distribution for the mountain regions.

scholarly journals Analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of terrestrial water storage in the Great Artesian Basin, Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabao Yan ◽  
Shaofeng Jia ◽  
Aifeng Lv ◽  
Rashid Mahmood ◽  
Wenbin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Artesian Basin ◽  
Great Artesian Basin ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) in Australia, the largest artesian basin in the world, is rich in groundwater resources. This study analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the GAB for 2003–2014 using satellite (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE) data, hydrological models’ outputs, and in situ data. A slight increase in TWS was observed for the study period. However, there was a rapid increase in TWS in 2010 and 2011 due to two strong La Nina events. Long-term mean monthly TWS changes showed remarkable agreements with net precipitation. Both GRACE derived and in situ groundwater disclosed similar trend patterns. Groundwater estimated from the PCR-GLOBWB model contributes 26.8% (26.4% from GRACE) to the total TWS variation in the entire basin and even more than 50% in the northern regions. Surface water contributes only 3% to the whole basin but more than 60% to Lake Eyre and the Cooper River. Groundwater, especially deeper than 50 meters, was insensitive to climate factors (i.e., rainfall). Similarly, the groundwater in the northern Cape York Peninsula was influenced by some other factors rather than precipitation. The time-lagged correlation analysis between sea surface height and groundwater storage indicated certain correlations between groundwater and sea level changes.

scholarly journals A Graceful Way to Study Daily Water Storage on Land

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Daily Water

A new analysis technique could help scientists improve the temporal resolution of satellite gravity data and see trends in terrestrial water storage and movement in near real time.

scholarly journals Recent changes in terrestrial water storage in the Upper Nile Basin: an evaluation of commonly used gridded GRACE products

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 4533-4549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamsudduha ◽  
Richard G. Taylor ◽  
Darren Jones ◽  
Laurent Longuevergne ◽  
Michael Owor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Substantial Uncertainty

Abstract. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite data monitor large-scale changes in total terrestrial water storage (ΔTWS), providing an invaluable tool where in situ observations are limited. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, in the amplitude of GRACE gravity signals and the disaggregation of TWS into individual terrestrial water stores (e.g. groundwater storage). Here, we test the phase and amplitude of three GRACE ΔTWS signals from five commonly used gridded products (i.e. NASA's GRCTellus: CSR, JPL, GFZ; JPL-Mascons; GRGS GRACE) using in situ data and modelled soil moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) in two sub-basins (LVB: Lake Victoria Basin; LKB: Lake Kyoga Basin) of the Upper Nile Basin. The analysis extends from January 2003 to December 2012, but focuses on a large and accurately observed reduction in ΔTWS of 83 km3 from 2003 to 2006 in the Lake Victoria Basin. We reveal substantial variability in current GRACE products to quantify the reduction of ΔTWS in Lake Victoria that ranges from 80 km3 (JPL-Mascons) to 69 and 31 km3 for GRGS and GRCTellus respectively. Representation of the phase in TWS in the Upper Nile Basin by GRACE products varies but is generally robust with GRGS, JPL-Mascons, and GRCTellus (ensemble mean of CSR, JPL, and GFZ time-series data), explaining 90, 84, and 75 % of the variance respectively in "in situ" or "bottom-up" ΔTWS in the LVB. Resolution of changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from GRACE ΔTWS is greatly constrained by both uncertainty in changes in soil-moisture storage (ΔSMS) modelled by GLDAS LSMs (CLM, NOAH, VIC) and the low annual amplitudes in ΔGWS (e.g. 1.8–4.9 cm) observed in deeply weathered crystalline rocks underlying the Upper Nile Basin. Our study highlights the substantial uncertainty in the amplitude of ΔTWS that can result from different data-processing strategies in commonly used, gridded GRACE products; this uncertainty is disregarded in analyses of ΔTWS and individual stores applying a single GRACE product.

scholarly journals Recent changes in terrestrial water storage in the Upper Nile Basin: an evaluation of commonly used gridded GRACE products

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamsudduha ◽  
Richard G. Taylor ◽  
Darren Jones ◽  
Laurent Longuevergne ◽  
Michael Owor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Substantial Uncertainty

Abstract. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite data monitor large-scale changes in total terrestrial water storage (ΔTWS) providing an invaluable tool where in situ observations are limited. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, in the amplitude of GRACE gravity signals and the disaggregation of ΔTWS into individual terrestrial water stores (e.g. groundwater storage). Here, we test the phase and amplitude of GRACE ΔTWS signals from 5 commonly-used gridded products (i.e., NASA's GRCTellus: CSR, JPL GFZ; JPL-Mascons; GRGS GRACE) using in situ data and modelled soil-moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The focus of this analysis is a large and accurately observed reduction in ΔTWS of 75 km3 from 2004 to 2006 in Lake Victoria in the Upper Nile Basin. We reveal substantial variability in current GRACE products to quantify the reduction of ΔTWS in Lake Victoria that ranges from 68 km3 (GRGS) to 50 km3 and 26 km3 for JPL-Mascons and GRCTellus, respectively. Representation of the phase in ΔTWS in the Upper Nile Basin by GRACE products varies but is generally robust with GRGS, JPL-Mascons and GRCTellus (ensemble mean of CSR, JPL and GFZ time-series data) explaining 91 %, 85 %, and 77 % of the variance, respectively, in in-situ ΔTWS. Resolution of changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from GRACE ΔTWS is greatly constrained by both uncertainty in modelled changes in soil-moisture storage (ΔSMS) and the low annual amplitudes in ΔGWS (e.g., 3.5 to 4.4 cm) observed in deeply weathered crystalline rocks underlying the Upper Nile Basin. Our study highlights the substantial uncertainty in the amplitude of ΔTWS that can result from different data-processing strategies in commonly used, gridded GRACE products.

Exploration of Terrestrial Water Storage Characterization via Assimilation of Ground-based GPS Observations of Vertical Displacement and GRACE TWS Retrievals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaohong Yin ◽  
Barton Forman ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gps Observations

<p>Accurate estimation of terrestrial water storage (TWS) is crucial in the characterization of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle. The launch of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions provide an unprecedented opportunity to monitor the change in TWS across the globe. However, the spatial and temporal resolutions provided by GRACE/GRACE-FO are often too coarse for many hydrologic applications. Land surface models (LSMs) provide estimates of TWS at a finer spatio-temporal resolution, but most LSMs lack complete, all-encompassing physical representations of the hydrological system such as deep groundwater storage or anthropogenic influences (e.g., groundwater pumping and surface water regulation). In recent years, geodetic measurements from the ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) network have been increasingly used in hydrologic studies based on the elastic response of the Earth’s surface to mass redistribution. This study explores the potential of improving our knowledge in TWS change via merging the information provided by ground-based GPS, GRACE, and the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model (Catchment), especially for the TWS change during an extended drought period.</p> <p> </p> <p>Ground-based GPS observations of vertical displacement and GRACE TWS retrievals were assimilated into the Catchment LSM, respectively, using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) in order to improve the estimation accuracy of TWS change. The data assimilation (DA) framework effectively downscaled TWS into its constituent components (e.g., snow and soil moisture) as well as improved estimates of hydrologic fluxes (e.g., runoff). Estimated TWS change from the open loop (OL; without assimilation) and GPS DA (i.e., using GPS-based vertical displacement during assimilation) simulations were evaluated against GRACE TWS retrievals. Results show that GPS DA improved estimation accuracy of TWS change relative to the OL, especially during an extended drought period post-2011 in the western United States (e.g., the correlation coefficient R<sub>OL</sub> = 0.46 and R<sub>GPSDA</sub> = 0.82 in the Great Basin). The performance of GPS DA and GRACE DA in estimating TWS constituent components and hydrologic fluxes were evaluated against in situ measurements. Results show that GPS DA improves snow water equivalent (SWE) estimates with improved R values found over 76% of all pixels that are collocated with in situ stations in the Great Basin. The findings in this study indicate the potential use of GPS DA and GRACE DA for TWS characterization. Both GRACE and ground-based GPS provide complementary TWS change information, which helps correct for missing physics in the LSM. Additionally, this study provides motivation for a multi-variate assimilation approach to simultaneously merge both GRACE and ground-based GPS into an LSM to further improve modeled TWS and its constituent components.</p>

scholarly journals Past terrestrial water storage (1980–2008) in the Amazon Basin reconstructed from GRACE and in situ river gauging data

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Becker ◽  
B. Meyssignac ◽  
L. Xavier ◽  
A. Cazenave ◽  
R. Alkama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Direct Estimate ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Abstract. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) composed of surface waters, soil moisture, groundwater and snow where appropriate, is a key element of global and continental water cycle. Since 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) space gravimetry mission provides a new tool to measure large-scale TWS variations. However, for the past few decades, direct estimate of TWS variability is accessible from hydrological modeling only. Here we propose a novel approach that combines GRACE-based TWS spatial patterns with multi-decadal-long in situ river level records, to reconstruct past 2-D TWS over a river basin. Results are presented for the Amazon Basin for the period 1980–2008, focusing on the interannual time scale. Results are compared with past TWS estimated by the global hydrological model ISBA-TRIP. Correlations between reconstructed past interannual TWS variability and known climate forcing modes over the region (e.g., El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation) are also estimated. This method offers new perspective for improving our knowledge of past interannual TWS in world river basins where natural climate variability (as opposed to direct anthropogenic forcing) drives TWS variations.

scholarly journals Global Evaluation of the ISBA-TRIP Continental Hydrological System. Part I: Comparison to GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Estimates and In Situ River Discharges

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alkama ◽  
B. Decharme ◽  
H. Douville ◽  
M. Becker ◽  
A. Cazenave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Additional Constraint ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Continental Hydrology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Hydrological System

Abstract In earth system models, the partitioning of precipitation among the variations of continental water storage, evapotranspiration, and freshwater runoff to the ocean has a major influence on the terrestrial water and energy budgets and thereby on simulated climate on a wide range of scales. The evaluation of continental hydrology is therefore a crucial task that requires offline simulations driven by realistic atmospheric forcing to avoid the systematic biases commonly found in global atmospheric models. Generally, this evaluation is done mainly by comparison with in situ river discharge data, which does not guarantee that the spatiotemporal distribution of water storage and evapotranspiration is correctly simulated. In this context, the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere–Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (ISBA-TRIP) continental hydrological system of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques is evaluated by using the additional constraint of terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations derived from three independent gravity field retrievals (datasets) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). On the one hand, the results show that, in general, ISBA-TRIP captures the seasonal and the interannual variability in both TWS and discharges. GRACE provides an additional constraint on the simulated hydrology and consolidates the former evaluation only based on river discharge observations. On the other hand, results indicate that river storage variations represent a significant contribution to GRACE measurements. While this remark highlights the need to improve the TRIP river routing model for a more useful comparison with GRACE [Decharme et al. (Part II of the present study)], it also suggests that low-resolution gravimetry products do not necessarily represent a strong additional constraint for model evaluation, especially in downstream areas of large river basins where long-term discharge data are available.

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