scholarly journals “Does cinema form the future of robotics?”: a survey on fictional robots in sci-fi movies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Saffari ◽  
Seyed Ramezan Hosseini ◽  
Alireza Taheri ◽  
Ali Meghdari
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
List Type ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Social Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Appearance Design ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Real Robot

Abstract Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have always been among the most popular topics in science fiction (sci-fi) movies. This paper endeavors to review popular movies containing Fictional Robots (FR) to extract the most common characteristics and interesting design ideas of robots portrayed in science fiction. To this end, 134 sci-fi films, including 108 unique FRs, were investigated regarding the robots’ different design aspects (e.g., appearance design, interactive design and artificial intelligence, and ethical and social design). Also, in each section of this paper, some characteristics of FRs are compared with real social robots. Since some researches point to the significant role of the cinema in forming the community’s expectations, it is very important to consider these characteristics and differences in choosing the future pathway of robotics. As some examples of findings, we have found that unlike the non-metallic skins/covers of real social robots, most FRs are still covered by highly detailed metal components. Moreover, the FR ability of interactions are generally (more than 90%) shown to be similar or even more advanced than normal Human–Human interactions, and this milestone was achieved by ignoring the AI challenges of real HRI. On the other hand, the ethical aspects of movies do inspire us to consider the potential ethical aspects of real robot design. All in all, according to popularity of movies, studying FR could be a step toward more appropriate development of robotics and AI entities to be accepted by general users in the real world. Highlights: We reviewed 134 sci-fi movies containing 108 unique fictional robots regarding different design aspects. Fictional Robot (FR) is an artificial entity acting as a result of a fictional technology and playing a role in a movie. Investigating fictional robots can shed light on the development of real robotics and AI entities.

Living machines in our cultural imagination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Szollosy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Cultural Imagination ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Public Imagination ◽  
The Human Condition

Public perceptions of robots and artificial intelligence (AI)—both positive and negative—are hopelessly misinformed, based far too much on science fiction rather than science fact. However, these fictions can be instructive, and reveal to us important anxieties that exist in the public imagination, both towards robots and AI and about the human condition more generally. These anxieties are based on little-understood processes (such as anthropomorphization and projection), but cannot be dismissed merely as inaccuracies in need of correction. Our demonization of robots and AI illustrate two-hundred-year-old fears about the consequences of the Enlightenment and industrialization. Idealistic hopes projected onto robots and AI, in contrast, reveal other anxieties, about our mortality—and the transhumanist desire to transcend the limitations of our physical bodies—and about the future of our species. This chapter reviews these issues and considers some of their broader implications for our future lives with living machines.

scholarly journals Me, My Bot and His Other (Robot) Woman? Keeping Your Robot Satisfied in the Age of Artificial Emotion

Robotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Rousi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sex Robots ◽  
Artificial Emotions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Robotics

With a backdrop of action and science fiction movie horrors of the dystopian relationship between humans and robots, surprisingly to date-with the exception of ethical discussions-the relationship aspect of humans and sex robots has seemed relatively unproblematic. The attraction to sex robots perhaps is the promise of unproblematic affectionate and sexual interactions, without the need to consider the other’s (the robot’s) emotions and indeed preference of sexual partners. Yet, with rapid advancements in information technology and robotics, particularly in relation to artificial intelligence and indeed, artificial emotions, there almost seems the likelihood, that sometime in the future, robots too, may love others in return. Who those others are-whether human or robot-is to be speculated. As with the laws of emotion, and particularly that of the cognitive-emotional theory on Appraisal, a reality in which robots experience their own emotions, may not be as rosy as would be expected.

scholarly journals Avaruudessa konekaan ei kuule huutoasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
Pertti Grönholm ◽  
Kimi Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ridley Scott ◽  
Stanley Kubrick ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Intelligent Machine ◽  
The Future ◽  
Science Fiction Films

Artikkelin kirjoittajat tutkivat kolmea tieteiselokuvaa: 2001: Avaruusseikkailu, Pimeä tähti ja Alien – kahdeksas matkustaja, joiden yksi keskeisistä teemoista on älykkään koneen ja ihmisen välinen vuorovaikutus. Kirjoittajat erittelevät elokuvien ihmisten ja koneiden muodostamia suljettuja yhteisöjä, erityisesti keinoälyn ja miehistön suhteita ja dialogia. Kirjoittajat tarkastelevat elokuvia yhtäältä tekijälähtöisesti, keskittyen niiden tulevaisuuskuviin sisältyviin kysymyksiin, varoituksiin ja uhkakuviin sekä toisaalta tarkastelemalla keinoälytematiikkaa suhteessa elokuvien omaan historialliseen kontekstiin.Keinoälytematiikan kautta elokuvantekijät ovat käsitelleet laajoja kysymyksiä, jotka liittyvät ihmisyyden eri puoliin, kuten tiedonjanoon ja uteliaisuuteen, ihmislajin ekspansiivisuuteen, taloudelliseen hyödyn tavoitteluun, väkivaltaisuuteen ja sosiaalisiin valtasuhteisiin. Samalla elokuvat esittävät kysymyksiä koneiden ja ihmisten rajojen hämärtymisestä, toiseuden kokemuksista sekä keinoälyyn liitetyistä pelon, pyhyyden ja kiehtovuuden ja ylevän teemoista.In space, even the machine doesn't hear your scream. The human-AI dialogue in three science fiction films of 1968-1979Grönholm and Kärki research three science fiction films: 2001: A Space Odyssey (Stanley Kubrick, 1968), Dark Star (John Carpenter, 1974), and Alien (Ridley Scott, 1979). They all contain the interaction of the intelligent machine and human as one of their central themes. In particular, the authors analyse the closed communities of the space ships, focusing on the relations and dialogue between the human crew and the Artificial Intelligence (AI). Special emphasis is given to the intentions of the filmmakers – both directors and screenplay writers – and how the questions, warnings and threats about the future were envisioned in each film. On the other hand, the theme of AI itself is also historically contextualized.Furthermore, the authors consider the wider questions these films ask about the nature of humanity: thirst for knowledge, curiosity, expansion of our species, reach for profit, violence, and social hierarchies. Simultaneously, these films also seem to ask questions about the blurring of the boundaries between the human and machine, experiences of otherness, and feelings of fear, sacral, fascination, and sublime that are associated with the AI.

Past, Present, and Future of Artificial Intelligence in Library Services

2022 ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Ambar Yoganingrum ◽  
Rulina Rachmawati ◽  
Koharudin Koharudin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Over Time

In the past, human imagination about intelligent machines was only found in the science fiction of storybooks and films. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) can be found in people's daily lives. Various professions should prepare to face the automation era in the future. Libraries may be one of the slowest institutions to develop AI. Gradually, the institution adopts it for their services. Many papers focus on AI development in libraries, but the opportunities and challenges for librarians to face the era of automation are essential to discuss. This chapter provides insights into the professions that librarians can offer. First, this chapter provides information on the history and development of AI in library services. Then, based on bibliometric analysis, this chapter discusses AI trends in library services. Next, this chapter conducts a systematic review and presents the types of AI developed over time for library services. Finally, this chapter discusses the types of jobs, expertise, and skills that librarians can develop in the robotics era in the future.

scholarly journals Will There Be Superintelligence and Would It Hate Us?

AI Magazine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Yorick Wilks
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
The Future

Bostrom’s Superintelligence (SI) is a wide-ranging essay (2016) that has raised important questions about the future of intelligent machines and the possible malign developments they may undergo. But, and perhaps surprisingly, it is not about technical developments in artificial intelligence (AI) nor a philosophical analysis of the concept of SI. There is little of either of these in it, which is largely an extended and stimulating essay on economics, decision theory and other forms of social science, all held together by the unsubstantiated hypothesis of “superintelligence” that belongs more to science fiction than AI. AI may well in some future produce undesirable social effects — the Internet itself could already be such a development — but there is as yet no reason to think they could be on the massive and end-of-civilization scale Bostrom so confidently predicts.

scholarly journals Affective Embodiment and the Transmission of Affect in Ex Machina

Philosophies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Fahn
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Original Film ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Conscious Thought ◽  
The Future ◽  
Intelligence Science ◽  
Emotional Capacity

The focus of posthuman thought centers on a shift in the humanistic paradigm; focusing on a state of existence that lies beyond being “human”, including bioengineering, artificial intelligence, and synthetic embodiment. Inspired by continuous breakthroughs in the research and creation of artificial intelligence, science fiction has moved beyond the realm of portraying artificial intelligence that is capable of conscious thought to speculate upon a future creation of machines that feel, and initiate feeling in return. The influence of posthuman discourse is prevalent in science fiction film narratives and demonstrates a heavy emphasis on the deconstruction of humanity’s belief in our unique emotional capabilities. This paper draws upon Alex Garland’s 2015 original film and screenplay Ex Machina as textual reference to explore posthuman prospects in AI by envisioning possibilities where emotional capacity no longer separates humans and machines. In a world where artificial intelligence could be given artificial life, how is affect addressed, and redressed? This paper argues the importance of affective embodiment and material experiences in AI that shape the future of posthuman becoming.

scholarly journals An End-to-End Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Intelligent Agent Capable of Autonomous Exploration in Unknown Environments

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Ramezani Dooraki ◽  
Deok-Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Intelligent Agent ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Fusion Method ◽  
Autonomous Exploration ◽  
Unknown Environments ◽  
Real Robot ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
High Degree

In recent years, machine learning (and as a result artificial intelligence) has experienced considerable progress. As a result, robots in different shapes and with different purposes have found their ways into our everyday life. These robots, which have been developed with the goal of human companionship, are here to help us in our everyday and routine life. These robots are different to the previous family of robots that were used in factories and static environments. These new robots are social robots that need to be able to adapt to our environment by themselves and to learn from their own experiences. In this paper, we contribute to the creation of robots with a high degree of autonomy, which is a must for social robots. We try to create an algorithm capable of autonomous exploration in and adaptation to unknown environments and implement it in a simulated robot. We go further than a simulation and implement our algorithm in a real robot, in which our sensor fusion method is able to overcome real-world noise and perform robust exploration.

scholarly journals Robot Autonomy vs. Human Autonomy: Social Robots, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Nature of Autonomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Formosa
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Work Roles ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Autonomy

AbstractSocial robots are robots that can interact socially with humans. As social robots and the artificial intelligence (AI) that powers them becomes more advanced, they will likely take on more social and work roles. This has many important ethical implications. In this paper, we focus on one of the most central of these, the impacts that social robots can have on human autonomy. We argue that, due to their physical presence and social capacities, there is a strong potential for social robots to enhance human autonomy as well as several ways they can inhibit and disrespect it. We argue that social robots could improve human autonomy by helping us to achieve more valuable ends, make more authentic choices, and improve our autonomy competencies. We also argue that social robots have the potential to harm human autonomy by instead leading us to achieve fewer valuable ends ourselves, make less authentic choices, decrease our autonomy competencies, make our autonomy more vulnerable, and disrespect our autonomy. Whether the impacts of social robots on human autonomy are positive or negative overall will depend on the design, regulation, and use we make of social robots in the future.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Activities of a Futurist

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168
Author(s):  
Rudy van Belkom
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Futures Studies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

Artificial intelligence (AI) has surpassed the level of science fiction; it is increasingly being used as an analysis tool in modern scientific research. AI is able to classify and cluster large amounts of data in a short time, which could potentially save a lot of time and money. Algorithms can also recognize patterns that scientists might overlook. These advantages are currently hardly exploited in futures studies. This article will focus on the impact of AI on the activities of a futurist. A distinction is made between predicting, exploring, and creating the future. The aim of this article is to discuss the possibilities and challenges of using AI in futures studies. One of the biggest challenges of using AI in futures studies is the dependence of AI on large amounts of data which are not available about the future. We therefore have to work with historical data. I emphasize that it is crucial for futurists to take advantage of the opportunities that AI offers in futures studies, but to be well aware of its disadvantages and limitations.

scholarly journals Ethics for "intelligent" beings created by man: scenarios of the future

2021 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Zorica Mijartovic ◽  
Orhan Jašić
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Software Science ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

Artificial intelligence is a challenge for many scientists and researchers today. On the one hand, the development of artificial intelligence can be beneficial for people as it can significantly facilitate their daily lives and jobs. On the other hand, there is the fear that we will not succeed in developing "friendly artificial intelligence" and that these created intelligent beings becoming  autonomous persons will bring many problems. Worries go so far as to assume that artificial intelligence will displace humans and take their place in all spheres of life. In this article, we have tried to present future scenarios concerning the development of artificial intelligence and indicate how necessary it is to have ethics in this discourse.Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Algorithms, Bioethics, Ethics, Software, Science Fiction, Technology.

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