<p>The experiment was conducted in 2011–2012. It included an analysis of the spontaneous flora of 7 cemeteries: 3 cemeteries located in the centre of Lublin (Lipowa Street, Unicka Street, and Kalina Street), 1 on the outskirts of the city (Majdanek), 1 located in a small town (Łęczna), 2 sites are rural cemeteries (Łuszczów, Ostrówek). An inventory was made of spontaneous vascular flora present at the investigated sites. The plants were described in respect of their affiliation to geographical-historical groups, life forms as well as the presence of honey species (polleniferous and nectariferous) and protected species. Within the area of these 7 necropolises, the presence of 382 taxa was found. The number of taxa observed at the individual sites varied between 124 and 274 in the metropolitan zone, 146 in the urban zone, and between 110 and 146 in the rural areas.</p><p>The area richest in terms of flora was Majdanek where 274 species of plants were found, while the cemetery in Łuszczów was the least rich – 110 species. The highest precentage of hemicryptophytes was observed in Ostrówek (50.7%), the lowest in Lublin – Kalina (40.3%). In the case of therophytes, the greatest variation was observed in the urban cemetery in Unicka Street (32.6%), while the least varied site was the cemetery in Ostrówek (23.3%). The average precentage of geophytes was 12.1%, with the greatest number in Łuszczów (16.4%), and the smallest one in Majdanek (8.4%). Chamaephytes were characterised by a small percentage (between 5.1% and 4.4 %), similarly to nanophanerophytes (6.2% to 2.7%), and megaphanerophytes (9.6%–1.8%). The investigated sites were dominated by apophytes, the percentage of which varied between 52.3% in the Lublin cemeteries on Lipowa and Unicka Streets, and 44.5% in Ostrówek.</p><p>Among anthropophytes, there were mostly archeophytes (between 26.3% in Łuszczów and 13.1% on Lipowa St. in Lublin). The percentage of diaphytes varied between 16.5% in Ostrówek and 7.2% in Lublin – Kalina, whereas that of kenophytes was between 15.1% in Ostrówek and 8.2% in Łęczna. In the case of spontaneophytes, the percentage varied between 8.8% in Lublin – Majdanek and 2.7% in Łuszczów. The majority, 299 of the taxa found, proved invaluable to insects (polleniferous and nectariferous). Among the plants growing spontaneously in the analysed cemeteries, there were also 11 legally protected species.</p>.
Assessment of atmospheric pollution in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny with emissions from motor vehicles and industrial enterprises