Voluntary intake and digestibility of barley straw as influenced by variety and supplementation with either barley grain or cottonseed cake

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Capper ◽  
E.F. Thomson ◽  
S. Rihawi
Keyword(s):  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cottonseed Cake ◽  
Voluntary Intake

The feeding value of straw from different genotypes of barley when given to Awassi sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Capper ◽  
E. F. Thomson ◽  
S. Rihawi ◽  
A. Termanini ◽  
R. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Male Sheep

ABSTRACTBarley straw constitutes up to half of the dry-matter intake of Awassi sheep in areas of Syria where the rainfall is 200 to 350 mm. The genotype of barley planted could therefore, through the nutritive value of its straw, significantly affect flock production levels. Selection of suitable barley genotypes may have greater economic potential as a means of improving roughage feeding quality in these areas than chemical or physical processing.The voluntary intake and digestibility of the unsupplemented straw of three genotypes of barley was evaluated with Awassi castrated male sheep. The voluntary organic-matter (OM) intakes of handharvested Beecher, Arabic Abied and ER/Apam straw were 22·2, 34·7 and 27·0 g/kg M0·75 per day and OM digestibility coefficients were 0·39, 0·44 and 0·42. The factors affecting voluntary intake and digestibility appeared to be the proportions of leaf and stem. Beecher straw had less leaf and more stem than the other two genotypes. The chemical composition and in vitro cellulase digestibility of the leaf indicated that it had a higher potential feeding value than stem.ER/Apam appears to be an example of a genotype which under dry environmental conditions combines higher barley grain yields with more acceptable straw feeding value than several other genotypes evaluated.

Effect of reproductive state and concentrate supplementation on liquid and particulate turnover in the rumen of ewes given ammonia treated straw

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Perez ◽  
J Gasa ◽  
C Castrillo ◽  
JA Guada
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Breeding Status

Rates of passage of liquid and particulate markers (Co-EDTA, Cr mordanted fibres and Yb) were measured in ewes at late pregnancy, lactation and non-breeding status. Animals were given ammonia treated barley straw ad libitum supplemented daily with 250 and 550 (pregnancy), 550 and 850 (lactation) and 250, 550 and 850 (non-breeding) g of concentrate. The effect of the reproductive state was analysed only on ewes fed on 550 g of concentrate. Lactating ewes showed a higher voluntary straw intake (970 g/day) than pregnant or non-breeding ewes (720 and 790 g/day respectively), but there were not significant differences in the OM digestibility (OMD) among reproductive states. Increasing concentrate supplementation promoted significant decreases in the voluntary intake of straw, associated with an enhanced OMD ( P < 0.05). Fractional outflow rates (FOR/h) were higher in pregnant and non-breeding than in lactating ewes, although differences were only significant ( P < 0.01) for Chromium derived values. Ewes given 250 g of concentrate showed lower ( P < 0.05) FOR than those given 550 and 850 g/day. Results support the idea that in ruminants fed on low quality roughages, voluntary dry matter intake is mainly restricted by rumen capacity, although the energy status of the animals might influence the extent of this restriction.

Relative efficacy of inocula from rumen fluid or faecal solution for determining in vitro digestibility and gas production

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. El-Meadaway ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
M. S. Zaman ◽  
L. J. Yanke
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Faecal Suspension

Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of substituting rumen fluid (RF) with faecal suspension (FS) as an inoculum for determination of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD, experiment 1) and gas production (exp. 2). Barley grain (BG), Persian clover (PC), alfalfa (ALF), bromegrass (BR) and barley straw (BS) were used to evaluate the efficacy of the two inocula. In exp. 1, IVDMD was determined using RF or FS containing 3, 6 and 9% fresh cattle faeces as inocula. Except for BS, IVDMD values obtained with either RF or FS containing 3% faeces were not different (P > 0.05). In contrast, FS containing 6 or 9% faeces resulted in lower (P < 0.05) IVDMD than those obtained with RF. Total VFA, butyric and valeric acids of in vitro supernatant were higher (P < 0.05) in RF than FS incubated buffers. Molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids were variable among feeds. Mean acetic:propionic ratio was similar (except for BG) for RF or FS. In exp. 2, substitution of RF with FS containing 6, 11 or 16% cattle faeces as inoculum generally resulted in an increased lag time for four feeds (PC was not included). The rate of gas production was lower when FS was used instead of RF for ALF and BR. For BG however, use of FS resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) rate of gas production than when RF was used. Total gas production values were similar within all the feeds regardless of the source of inoculum. In experiment 3, the relative size of the total and cellulolytic populations were higher for RF than for FS, with a greater diversity of genera of bacteria isolated from RF. Results from this study indicate that FS has the potential to be used instead of RF to obtain IVDMD and gas production for BG and forage hay but not for poor quality roughages such as BS. However, more research with FS is required to confirm these findings. Key words: IVDMD, gas production, rumen fluid, faecal suspension

Frequency of concentrate supplementation for cattle fed barley straw. 1. Effect on voluntary intake, ruminal straw disappearance, apparent digestibility and heat production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Tellier ◽  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
D. McCartney ◽  
R. Soofi-Siawash
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Five ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (474 ± 30 kg) were fed diets containing 70% barley straw and 30% concentrate in an unbalanced 5 × 5 Latin square design experiment to investigate the effects of frequency of feeding barley grain-based concentrates (daily, alternate days or every third day) with different dietary protein (7.9 and 11.5%) on voluntary intake of straw, ruminal disappearance of straw, apparent digestibility, and heat production. Neither frequency of feeding nor dietary protein concentration influenced voluntary intake of straw, nor did cattle eat differing amounts of straw on days when concentrate was fed in comparison with days when concentrate was not fed. Protein supplementation increased (P < 0.01) 24-h ruminal straw disappearance, but did not affect disappearances at other times. Concentrate feeding frequency had no influence on rate of ruminal disappearance of straw. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein were 5, 6, 8 and 33% higher (P < 0.05), respectively, in diets containing the high-protein concentrate, but were not affected by frequency of concentrate feeding. Heat production (kJ kg-0.75) tended to be reduced (P = 0.06) by 4% in steers fed concentrate on alternate days in comparison with steers fed concentrate daily. Dietary protein concentration had no influence on heat production even though digestible energy intake was 10% higher when the high protein concentrate diet was fed. It was concluded that concentrate can be fed every second day without any negative impact on intake and digestibility, with a possible benefit of a reduction in energy lost as heat. More research, however, is required to study the feasibility of feeding concentrate every third day. Key words: Cattle, straw, protein, feeding frequency, digestion, heat production

Purine derivatives excretion and urinary nitrogen losses as influenced by the source of dietary carbohydrates supplementation

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
M. Fondevila ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
J. A. Carriedo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Utilization of low quality roughages is limited fundamentally by the low energy cont and low DM intake when fed to the ruminant animal. Supplementation with concentrates can al improved energy supply although their inclusion can lead to a negative effect upon rough intake and ruminal cellulolitic activity. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives, urea and may constitute a suitable index to detect possible effects on rumen fermentation.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of changes in rumen fermentat: upon urinary excretion of these compounds induced by dietary supplementation of straw v differents sources of carbohydrates.Twelve Rasa Aragonesa ewes (44±0.45 Kg) were fed “ad libitum” with urea-supplemer barley straw and allocated at random to 3 groups of 4 animals. Each group was supplemented barley grain, sugar beet pulp and grass hay, respectively, at 4 levels of supplementation (: 300, 450 and 600 g/d) in a 4 x 4 latin square design. Each 42-d experimental period compr: 35 days of adjustment period followed by a 7 days measurement period.

scholarly journals Level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows: I. Effects on the prepartum performance of the dam and birth weight of the progeny1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3103-3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Añez-Osuna ◽  
Gregory B Penner ◽  
John Campbell ◽  
Michael E R Dugan ◽  
Carolyn J Fitzsimmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractA 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows on their prepartum performance and birth weight of progeny. Each year, 75 multiparous (≥3 calving) pregnant Angus cows were stratified by BW (663 ± 21.5 kg) and BCS (2.6 ± 0.12; 1 to 5 scale) and randomly assigned to 1 of 15 outdoor pens. Subsequently, each pen was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 (n = 5) treatments: a low-fat diet (LF; 1.4 ± 0.12% EE) consisting of grass-legume hay, barley straw, and barley grain, or 1 of 2 high-fat diets (HF; 3.3 ± 0.20% EE) that included either a canola seed (CAN) or a flaxseed (FLX) based pelleted feed. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of pregnant beef cows during the last 2 trimesters of gestation (0.183 ± 4.8 d), adjusted for changes in environmental conditions, and offered such that each pen on average received similar daily amounts of DE (31.2 ± 2.8 Mcal/cow), CP (1.36 ± 0.13 kg/cow), and DM (12.9 ± 1.0 kg/cow). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with contrasts to separate the effects of level (LF vs. HF) and source (CAN vs. FLX) of fat. After 160 d on trial, conceptus corrected-BW (CC-BW) of LF cows (708 kg) and the proportion of overconditioned cows (13.2%) were greater (P ≤ 0.04) than those of HF, with no difference (P ≥ 0.84) between CAN and FLX for CC-BW (697 kg) and proportion of overconditioned cows (3.6% vs. 2.9%). Feeding FLX diet during gestation resulted in cows with a greater (P ≤ 0.01) concentration of conjugated linolenic acid (0.12% vs. 0.05%) and n-3 (0.58% vs. 0.37%) fatty acids, and a tendency (P = 0.09) for conjugated linoleic acid concentration (1.05% vs. 0.88%) to be greater in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) when compared with cows fed the CAN diet. By the end of gestation, serum NEFA concentration of LF cows (592 µEq/L) was lower (P < 0.01) than that of HF cows, and FLX cows had greater (P < 0.01) serum NEFA concentration than CAN cows (636 vs. 961 µEq/L). Cows receiving the LF diet during gestation gave birth to lighter (P < 0.01) calves compared with those receiving the HF diets (40.2 vs. 42.9 kg), with no difference (P = 0.24) between calves born to CAN (42.4 kg) and FLX (43.3 kg) cows. In conclusion, these results suggest a partitioning of the ME in pregnant beef cows that is dependent on the type of dietary energy, resulting in heavier calves at birth for cows fed high-fat diets. Also, the type of fatty acid in the diet of gestating beef cows affected the fatty acid profile in SCAT and serum NEFA concentration.

INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY WITH ADDITIONAL SOWING OF PERENNIAL GRASSES

10.35523/2307 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Presowing Treatment

Two-factor field experiment was carried out at the research and training station of Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy in 2015-2017. The aim of the research was to establish cooperation effect of various biological products and modified mineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring barley with additional sowing of perennial grasses. As a result of the studies, it was found that the highest average yield of barley grain - 2.13 t / ha, was revealed in the conditions of timothy grass additional sowing as a sub-cover crop. At the same time, the combination of biological preparations Mizorin + Rizoagrin proved to be most effective; on average, the yield of grain and straw with this combination was 2.33 t / ha and 3.42 t / ha, respectively. When choosing meadow clover as a sub-cover crop, the maximum data on grain and barley straw yields of 2.92 t / ha and 4.26 t / ha, respectively, were obtained from the use of combination of biological products Mycorrhiza + Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. Under conditions of sowing a mixture of clover and timothy, the highest yields of grain and barley straw were 2.94 t / ha and 4.29 t / ha, respectively, obtained from the use of the biological product Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. In the course of the field experiment, positive data on additional income and profitability were obtained on most options, which were maximal in the conditions of replanting a mixture of herbs. Moreover, the largest value of the additional conditionally net income is 21.2 thousand rubles obtained from the use ofpreparation Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. And the highest profitability is 91.8 % in the absence of presowing treatment of seeds.

Predicting the voluntary intake of barley straw with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
A V Goodchild ◽  
F Jaby El-Haramein ◽  
T T Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Straw Quality ◽  
Voluntary Intake

In developing countries, straws, stovers and stubbles provide a large proportion of the nutrient intake of ruminants. Cereal breeders working for these countries need a rapid test to predict the nutritional value of straw. An important component of nutritional value of straw is voluntary intake (Goodchild et al. 1992). Voluntary intake (DMT) is usually measured in samples of straw weighing 100 kg or more: in contrast, only a few plants weighing tens of grams are available for each genotype in the early stages of breeding. Indirect methods of estimating voluntary intake, like in vitro gas production, are available but relatively costly. For these reasons, and because selecting for grain yield and stem stiffness has been a priority in developed countries, breeders have tended to ignore straw quality.

Effect of supplementation with different proportions of barley grain or citrus pulp on the digestive utilization of ammonia-treated straw by sheep

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barrios-Urdanetat ◽  
M. Fondevila ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractThe effect of carbohydrate supplementation on rumen utilization of ammonia-treated straw was studied in four rumen-cannulated ewes (42•0 (s.e. 2•80) kg live weight) in a Latin-square design. Diets were a 50: 50 mixture of ammoniated barley straw and a concentrate made up with different ratios of barley grain and citrus pulp, namely M1 (100: 0), M2 (66: 33), M3 (33: 66) and M4 (0: 100). Concentrates also included soya-bean meal and urea to make diets isonitrogenous. Diets were given in one meal in the morning at 0•8 kg/day. There were no significant differences among treatments in daily weighted means of rumen pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids. Acetate, propionate and butyrate molar proportions were not different among treatments, but proportions of isobutyrate (P < 0•05) and isovalerate (P < 0•10) were higher for M1 and M2. Ammonia concentration immediately before feeding was lower (P < 0•05) for M3 and M4 (72•1 and 51•3 mg/l) than for M1 and M2 (97•0 and 107•9 mg/ l). Total rumen bacterial concentration was higher (P < 0•05) with the highest barley proportion, whereas enzymatic activity against structural carbohydrates of particle-associated bacteria did not differ significantly among treatments. Digestibility of neutral-detergent fibre increased (P < 0•05) with the increase in the proportion of citrus pulp in the concentrate (0•647, 0•674, 0•684 and 0•693 for M1, M2, M3 and M4; s.e. = 0•0086). Urinary excretion of purine derivatives decreased linearly (P < 0•05) as the proportion of citrus pulp in the diet increased, while faecal excretion of purine bases was not significantly affected by dietary treatments.

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