High resolution inventory of atmospheric emissions from livestock production, agriculture, and biomass burning sectors of Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 117248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Enrique Puliafito ◽  
Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz ◽  
Lucas Berná ◽  
Romina Pascual Flores
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Production Agriculture

scholarly journals High-Resolution Biomass Burning Aerosol Transport Simulations in the Tropics

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nurzahziani ◽  
Chinnawat Surussavadee ◽  
Thanchanok Noosook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Aerosol Transport ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Biomass Burning Aerosol ◽  
The Tropics

This study evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) for simulating biomass burning aerosol transport at high resolution in the tropics using two different biomass burning emission inventories. Hourly, daily, and monthly average PM10 dry mass concentrations at 5 km resolution—simulated separately using the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (WRF-3BEM) and the Fire Inventory from NCAR (WRF-FINN) and their averages (WRF-AVG) for 3 months from February to April—are evaluated, using measurements from ground stations distributed in northern Thailand for 2014 and 2015. Results show that WRF-3BEM agrees well with observations and performs much better than WRF-FINN and WRF-AVG. WRF-3BEM simulations are almost unbiased, while those of WRF-FINN and WRF-AVG are significantly overestimated due to significant overestimates of FINN emissions. WRF-3BEM and the measured monthly average PM10 concentrations for all stations and both years are 89.22 and 87.20 μg m−3, respectively. The root mean squared error of WRF-3BEM simulated monthly average PM10 concentrations is 72.00 and 47.01% less than those of WRF-FINN and WRF-AVG, respectively. The correlation coefficient of WRF-3BEM simulated monthly PM10 concentrations and measurements is 0.89. WRF-3BEM can provide useful biomass burning aerosol transport simulations for the northern region of Thailand.

scholarly journals Mexico City aerosol analysis during MILAGRO using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry at the urban supersite (T0) – Part 1: Fine particle composition and organic source apportionment

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 8377-8427 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Aiken ◽  
D. Salcedo ◽  
M. J. Cubison ◽  
J. A. Huffman ◽  
P. F. DeCarlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Primary Emissions

Abstract. Submicron aerosol was analyzed during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006 at the T0 urban supersite in Mexico City with a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and complementary instrumentation. Mass concentrations, diurnal cycles, and size distributions of inorganic and organic species are similar to results from the CENICA supersite in April 2003 with organic aerosol (OA) comprising about half of the fine PM mass. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of the high resolution OA spectra identified three major components: chemically-reduced urban primary emissions (hydrocarbon-like OA, HOA), oxygenated OA (OOA, mostly secondary OA or SOA), and biomass burning OA (BBOA) that correlates with levoglucosan and acetonitrile. BBOA includes several very large plumes from regional fires and likely also some refuse burning. A fourth OA component is a small local nitrogen-containing reduced OA component (LOA) which accounts for 9% of the OA mass but one third of the organic nitrogen, likely as amines. OOA accounts for almost half of the OA on average, consistent with previous observations. OA apportionment results from PMF-AMS are compared to the PM2.5 chemical mass balance of organic molecular markers (CMB-OMM, from GC/MS analysis of filters). Results from both methods are overall consistent. Both assign the major components of OA to primary urban, biomass burning/woodsmoke, and secondary sources at similar magnitudes. The 2006 Mexico City emissions inventory underestimates the urban primary PM2.5 emissions by a factor of ~4, and it is ~16 times lower than afternoon concentrations when secondary species are included. Additionally, the forest fire contribution is underestimated by at least an order-of-magnitude in the inventory.

scholarly journals Characterization of biomass burning smoke from cooking fires, peat, crop residue and other fuels with high resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 22163-22216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Stockwell ◽  
P. R. Veres ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
R. J. Yokelson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. We deployed a high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) to measure biomass burning emissions from peat, crop-residue, cooking fires, and many other fire types during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4) laboratory campaign. A combination of gas standards calibrations and composition sensitive, mass dependent calibration curves were applied to quantify gas-phase non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) observed in the complex mixture of fire emissions. We used several approaches to assign best identities to most major "exact masses" including many high molecular mass species. Using these methods approximately 80–96% of the total NMOC mass detected by PTR-TOF-MS and FTIR was positively or tentatively identified for major fuel types. We report data for many rarely measured or previously unmeasured emissions in several compound classes including aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, and furans; many of which are suspected secondary organic aerosol precursors. A large set of new emission factors (EFs) for a range of globally significant biomass fuels is presented. Measurements show that oxygenated NMOCs accounted for the largest fraction of emissions of all compound classes. In a brief study of various traditional and advanced cooking methods, the EFs for these emissions groups were greatest for open 3-stone cooking in comparison to their more advanced counterparts. Several little-studied nitrogen-containing organic compounds were detected from many fuel types that together accounted for 0.1–8.7% of the fuel nitrogen and some may play a role in new particle formation.

scholarly journals Molecular Composition and Photochemical Evolution of Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) Extracted from Field Biomass Burning Aerosols using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cai ◽  
Xiangying Zeng ◽  
Guorui Zhi ◽  
Sasho Gligorovski ◽  
Guoying Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Resolution Mass

Abstract. Photochemistry plays an important role in the evolution of atmospheric water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which dissolves into clouds, fogs and aerosol liquid water. In this study, we examined the molecular composition and evolution of a WSOC mixture extracted from fresh biomass burning aerosols upon photolysis, using direct infusion electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-HRMS). For comparison, two typical phenolic compounds (i.e., phenol and guaiacol) emitted from lignin pyrolysis in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a typical OH radical precursor, were exposed to simulated sunlight irradiation. The photochemistry of both, the phenols (photo-oxidation) and WSOC mixture (direct photolysis) can produce a series of highly oxygenated compounds which in turn increases the degree of oxidation of organic composition and acidity of the bulk solution. In particular, the LC/ESI-HRMS technique revealed significant photochemical evolution on the WSOC composition, e.g., the photodegradation of low oxygenated species and the formation of highly oxygenated products. We also tentatively compared the mass spectra of photolytic time-profile extract with each other for a more comprehensive description of the photolytic evolution. The calculated average oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratios of oxygenated compounds in bulk extract increases from 0.38 ± 0.02 to 0.44 ± 0.02 (mean±standard deviation) while the intensity (S / N)-weighted average O / C (O / Cw) increases from 0.45 ± 0.03 to 0.53 ± 0.06 as the time of irradiation extends from 0 to 12 h. These findings indicate that the water soluble organic fraction of fresh combustion-derived aerosols have the potential to form more oxidized organic matter, accounting for the highly oxygenated nature of atmospheric organic aerosols.

First continuous high-resolution aerosol record from the East Greenland Ice Core Project (EGRIP), covering the last 15,000 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Marie Jensen ◽  
Tobias Erhardt ◽  
Giulia Sinnl ◽  
Hubertus Fischer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Data Set

<p>Ice sheets are reliable archives of atmospheric impurities such as aerosols and gasses of both natural and anthropogenic origin. Impurity records from Greenland ice cores reveal much information about previous atmospheric conditions and long-range transport in the Northern hemisphere going back more than a hundred thousand years.</p><p>Here we present the data from the upper 1,411 m from the EGRIP ice core, measuring conductivity, dust, sodium, calcium, ammonium, and nitrate. These records contain information about ocean sources, transport of terrestrial dust, soil and vegetation emissions as well as biomass burning, volcanic eruptions, etc., covering approximately the past 15,000 years. This newly obtained data set is unique as it provides the first high-resolution information about several thousands of years of the mid-Holocene period in Greenland that none of the previous impurity records from the other deep Greenland ice cores had managed to cover before due to brittle ice. This will contribute to further understanding of the atmospheric conditions for the pre-industrial period.</p><p>The ammonium record contains peaks significantly higher than the background level. These peaks are caused by biomass burning or forest fires emitting plumes of ammonia large enough so that they can extend to the free troposphere and be efficiently transported all the way to the Greenland ice sheet. Here we present preliminary results of the wild fire frequency covering the entire Holocene, where the wild fires are defined as outliers in the ammonium record of annual means.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization of biomass burning emissions from cooking fires, peat, crop residue, and other fuels with high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 845-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Stockwell ◽  
P. R. Veres ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
R. J. Yokelson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. We deployed a high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) to measure biomass-burning emissions from peat, crop residue, cooking fires, and many other fire types during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4) laboratory campaign. A combination of gas standard calibrations and composition sensitive, mass-dependent calibration curves was applied to quantify gas-phase non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) observed in the complex mixture of fire emissions. We used several approaches to assign the best identities to most major "exact masses", including many high molecular mass species. Using these methods, approximately 80–96% of the total NMOC mass detected by the PTR-TOF-MS and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was positively or tentatively identified for major fuel types. We report data for many rarely measured or previously unmeasured emissions in several compound classes including aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, and furans; many of these are suspected secondary organic aerosol precursors. A large set of new emission factors (EFs) for a range of globally significant biomass fuels is presented. Measurements show that oxygenated NMOCs accounted for the largest fraction of emissions of all compound classes. In a brief study of various traditional and advanced cooking methods, the EFs for these emissions groups were greatest for open three-stone cooking in comparison to their more advanced counterparts. Several little-studied nitrogen-containing organic compounds were detected from many fuel types, that together accounted for 0.1–8.7% of the fuel nitrogen, and some may play a role in new particle formation.

scholarly journals Biomass burning in Asia: Annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Streets ◽  
K. F. Yarber ◽  
J.-H. Woo ◽  
G. R. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions

scholarly journals Molecular Composition of Particulate Matter Emissions from Dung and Brushwood Burning Household Cookstoves in Haryana, India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren T. Fleming ◽  
Peng Lin ◽  
Alexander Laskin ◽  
Julia Laskin ◽  
Robert Weltman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Resolution Mass ◽  
Pm2.5 Emissions

Abstract. Emissions of airborne particles from biomass-burning are a significant source of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) in rural areas of developing countries where biomass is the predominant energy source for cooking and heating. This study explores the molecular composition of organic particles from household cooking emissions, with a focus on identifying fuel-specific compounds and BrC chromophores. Traditional meals were prepared by a local cook with dung and brushwood-fueled cookstoves in a village of Palwal district, Haryana, India. The cooking events were carried out in a village kitchen while controlling for variables including stove type, fuel moisture content, and meal. The particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions were collected on filters, and then analyzed via nanospray desorption electrospray ionization/high resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI-HRMS) and high performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-HRMS) techniques. The nano-DESI-HRMS analysis provided an inventory of compounds present in the particle phase. Although several compounds observed in this study have been previously characterized using gas chromatography methods, a majority of species in nano-DESI spectra were newly observed biomass-burning compounds. Both the stove (chulha or angithi) and the fuel (brushwood or dung) affected the composition of organic particles. The geometric mean PM2.5 emissions factor and the molecular complexity of PM2.5 emissions increased in the following order: brushwood/chulha (4.9 ± 1.7 g kg-1 dry fuel, 93 compounds), dung/chulha (12.3 ± 2.5 g kg-1 dry fuel, 212 compounds), and dung/angithi (16.7 ± 6.7 g kg-1 dry fuel, 262 compounds). The lower limit for the mass absorption coefficient (MAC) at 365 nm and 405 nm for brushwood PM2.5 was 3.4 m2 g-1 and 1.8 m2 g-1, respectively, which was approximately a factor of two higher than that for dung PM2.5. The HPLC-PDA-HRMS analysis showed that, regardless of fuel type, the main chromophores were CxHyOz lignin fragments. The main chromophores accounting for the higher MAC values of brushwood PM2.5 were C8H10O3 (tentatively assigned syringol), possible nitrophenol species C8H9NO4, and C10H10O3 (tentatively assigned methoxycinnamic acid).

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