scholarly journals Liquid biopsies for diagnosing and monitoring primary tumors of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol 480 ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Le Rhun ◽  
Joan Seoane ◽  
Michel Salzet ◽  
Riccardo Soffietti ◽  
Michael Weller
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tumors of the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
pp. 20-58
Author(s):  
Keith L. Ligon ◽  
Karima Mokhtari ◽  
Thomas W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
System P ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Classification Of Tumors

This chapter presents the most up-to-date classification of tumors of the nervous system, based on the histological appearance of the neoplasm and also on information derived from cytogenetics and molecular biology, now recognized worldwide as increasingly important for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic guidance. The chapter provides a detailed morphologic description of each major tumor type, with numerous illustrations of macroscopic and microscopic lesions. First we consider primary tumors of the nervous system, including those derived from neuroepithelial tissue (astrocytic, oligodendroglial, ependymal, neuronal, and glioneuronal), pineal tissue, peripheral nerve sheath, and meninges. Next lymphomas, hematopoietic neoplasms, and secondary (metastatic) neoplasms are described.

From Cancer Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Meninges to Medulloblastoma Cells: Primary Tumors and Metastatic Cancers of the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Sheng-Le Ding
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Csf Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: This study aims to explore the diagnostic methods for tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) based on different morphological characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells. Methods: Through the case analysis of meningeal carcinoma, medulloblastoma and glioma, combined with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) staining and other staining methods, the morphological characteristics of CSF cells in different tumors of the central nervous were found. Results: Through CT and CEA staining, it was found that the detection rate of primary tumors except for medulloblastoma was generally low (15%–30%), while that of secondary tumors was relatively higher, reaching up to 30%–75%. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (x ± SD). Intergroup comparison was conducted using t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusion: In addition to the major morphological features of primary and secondary tumors, in the process of diagnosis, physicians should be aware that the pia matter is a very thin layer of connective tissue, its density is close to the surrounding tissues, and it is very difficult for CT and MRI to distinguish between the pia mater and lesions in it. The determination on whether tumor cells can be detected via CSF cytology depends on whether the tumor invades the subarachnoid space and pia mater. This requires a high degree of responsibility in the diagnosis. Furthermore, the previous examination results should be in contrast, suspected meningeal cancer patients should undergo repeated examinations, and more smears should be made in one examination, in order to improve the positive rate.

Tumors of the Central Nervous System

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-64
Author(s):  
Keith L. Ligon ◽  
Sandro Santagata ◽  
Franck Bielle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
System P ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Classification Of Tumors

This chapter presents the most up-to-date classification of tumors of the nervous system, based on the histological appearance of the neoplasm and on information derived from cytogenetics and molecular biology, which are now recognized worldwide as increasingly important for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic guidance. The chapter provides a detailed morphological description of each major tumor type, with numerous illustrations of macroscopic and microscopic lesions. First considered are primary tumors of the nervous system, including those derived from neuroepithelial tissue (astrocytic, oligodendroglial, ependymal, neuronal, and glioneuronal); pineal tissue; peripheral nerve sheath; and meninges. Next, lymphomas, hematopoietic neoplasms, and secondary (metastatic) neoplasms are described.

scholarly journals Cytologic Features of Ventricular Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Review with Emphasis on Diff-Quik Stained Smears

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Jimenez-Heffernan ◽  
Federico Alvarez ◽  
Patricia Muñoz-Hernández ◽  
Carmen Bárcena ◽  
Daniel Azorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Common Location ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ventricular Tumors ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Staining

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Neoplasms from the ventricular system share a common location but have highly variable histogenesis. Many are slowly growing tumors that behave in a benign fashion. They can be classified as primary and secondary tumors. The most common primary tumors are ependymomas, subependymomas, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, central neurocytomas, choroid plexus tumors, meningiomas, germinomas, pineal parenchymal tumors, papillary tumors of the pineal region, chordoid gliomas, rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors of the fourth ventricle, and craniopharyngiomas. Pilocytic astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors often show secondary involvement of the ventricular system. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Advances in neurosurgery have facilitated access to the ventricular system increasing the number of cases in which such tumors can be biopsied. In this context, cytology has been proven to be an extremely useful diagnostic tool during intraoperative pathologic consultations. Many ventricular tumors are infrequent, and the cytologic information available is limited. In this review, we describe the cytologic features of the uncommon ventricular tumors and report on unusual findings of the more common ones. For the cytologic evaluation of brain tumors, many neuropathologists prefer formalin fixation and hematoxylin and eosin staining. In this review, we highlight the cytologic findings as seen with Diff-Quik, a very popular staining method among cytopathologists. In fact, when pathologists are unfamiliar with cytology, it is common to request the assistance of cytopathologists during the evaluation of intraoperative procedures. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> Ventricular tumors of the central nervous system comprise a group of heterogeneous tumors with very different cytologic features. The cytomorphology of these tumors, including rare entities, is often very characteristic, allowing a precise recognition during intraoperative pathologic consultations. Diff-Quik is a valuable staining method that can be used alone or as a complement to hematoxylin and eosin staining. Diff-Quik allows for clear visualization of the overall architecture, cytoplasmic details, and extracellular material.

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